The document discusses land reform and agrarian reform in the Philippines. It defines land reform as redistributing land from landlords to tenant farmers, while agrarian reform deals with total development of farmers through economic, social, and political transformation. The history of agrarian reform in the Philippines is also summarized, from the pre-Spanish period through Spanish colonization, American rule, and the present republic. Key agrarian reform laws are also outlined.

2. Land Reform
- in the Philippines it is a
process of redistributing
land from the landlords to
tenant-farmers in order
that they will be given a
chance to own a piece of
land to improve their
plight.

3. Agrarian Reform
-goes beyond the
question of land rights.
It is concerned with
the total development
of the farmer’s
economic, social and
political
transformation.

4. Differences between:
-Land reform deals with
apportionment of lands -
usually transferring lands
from upper class owners to
the lower classes.
-Agrarian reform deals
with general agricultural
practice - like introducing
crop rotation or
mechanization.

5. Good Factors of
AGRARIAN REFORM:
- Fully develop the new
farmer-owner to become
productive.
- Includes the reform and
development of
complimentary institutional
frameworks such as agencies
of the government.

6. History of
Agrarian Reform
A. Pre-Spanish Period
- Tribal hunters &
gatherers, shifting cultivators,
those with sedentary culture,
Muslims system(social
classes).

7. The Different Social
Classes:
1.The Nobles- can own
their land and free from
tribute payment.

8. 2. The Serfs- they need to
cultivate certain lands, and
required to pay an annual
fee of one-half yield of their
crops.

9. 3. The Slaves- they simply
served the datu or the
nobles were owned by
them. As a result they could
be sold or traded.

10. B. Spanish Period
- Spain declared all lands
in the Philippines as a part
of public domain.
- “Encomienda system”
Under the empire of Spain.
- “cacique class”
- “Kasama System”
Leased portion of their
landed.

11. Because of the oppressive
practice s of the cacique
occasional rebellions
occurred during 18th
century
in central Luzon.
Among causes were:
1.Enforced labor
2.Relatively heavy head tax
3.Required church and
government contributions.

12. C. American Period
- 1903 to 1938 increase in
tenancy rate and land ownership
decreased.
- the land was subdivided for
sale to the Filipinos residing on
it. 1938, church still controlled an
estimated 41, 782 hectares.
- Homesteading
- “sakdalista” movement
(1930) Benigno Ramos, a former
official who opposed Quezon.

13. •Pedro Abad Santos almost
won against the candidate of
pampango landlords.
• he espoused the idea of
expropriation of the religious
and public estates and their
subdivisions to the tenant-
farmers as the only answer
to agrarian unrest.

14. • Indeed, the agrarian
problem festered for so long a
time that the 1935
constitution incorporated a
cardinal principle on social
justice to insure the well-
being and economic security
of all the people.

15. •To give substance and
meaning to this
principle, several laws
were enacted to protect
the working class both
in industry and
agriculture.

16. D. The Present Republic
• July 04, 1946 – the need of
land reform became pressing.
• “HUKBALAHAP” –
Hukbong Bayan Laban sa
mga Hapon, as an anti-
Japanese guerilla movement
formed by the peasant farmers
of Central Luzon.

17. • 1946, Pres. Manuel Roxas
enacted RA. 34 of 1946,
providing for a 70-30 crops
sharing arrangements and
regulating share-tenancy
contracts to solve land
tenure problems.

18. •September 1954 pres,
Ramon Magsaysay signed
into law RA no. 1199 as
amended by RA no. 2263
which allowed for the
division of crops.
• 1955 the land reform
act was enacted.

19. • 1963, Pres. Diosdado
Macapagal signed into law
RA no. 3844 (Agricultural
land reform code)
• Sept. 21, 1972 Pres. Marcos
issued Presidential Decree
no. 2 declaring the entire
Philippines as land reform
area.

20. • Oct. 21, 1972 Pres. Marcos
issued Presidential Decree no.
27, “emancipating the tenant-
farmers from the bondage of the
soil.” in one stroke, tenant
farmers in all private
agricultural; lands primarily
devoted to rice and corn were
deemed owners of the lands they
were tilling.

21. •it was a very BOLD step taken
toward hastening the full
implementation and
realization of agrarian reform.
• under the new constitution ,
the primary governing law on
agrarian reform is RA No.
6657, otherwise known as the
comprehensive Agrarian
Reform law of 1988.

22. Resistance in the Implementation
of Agrarian Reform
There are numerous objections to agrarian
reform, especially those voiced by the
landowning class affected by its
implementations. Some objections are:
1.Fragmentation of farm-holdings –
big land-holdings is divided among
tenat-farmers into a family size and
which is three (3) hectares.

23. 2. Small farms become less
productive- in the micro-level;,
the farmers become more
productive. The farmers can
rely on their products from
daily subsistence. However, in
the macro level, the people will
suffer because there will few
production for national
assumptions.

24. 3. Ineffective government
programs –most of the
programs initiated by the
government on agrarian
reforms and cooperatives are
ineffective due to inefficiency
of the people implementing
the program. Farmers were
never consulted in the
formulation policies.

25. 4. Agrarian reform failed in the past –
for so many centuries, laws, decrees,
orders and circulars were formulated to
help the farmers. Reforms initiated by
the government however, remain to be
realized. Failure of the program may be
attributed to the ff:
4.1 big land-holdings are owned by elite
politicians and relatives;
4.2 failure of the government to provide
measures that will assist the farmers;
4.3 graft and corruption;
4.4 lack of unity and cooperation among
farmers.

26. Pertinent laws of agrarian reform
1.Spanish decree of 1880 –
enjoining land holders, whether
the caciques or peasants to secure
legal title of their lands:
2.Spanish decree of 1894 –
decree of granting landholders
one year to secure legal titles to
their land. Failure of the
landowners to secure land title
will mean forfeiture of their land.

27. 3. Public land act of July 1, 1902
– this became effective on July
26, 1904 offering homestead
ploys not in excess of 16
hectares to families who have
occupied and cultivated their
tract they were residing on
since August1, 1898;
4. Act no. 4045, the rice share
tenancy act of 1933 –
regulating the tenancy share
contracts by establishing
minimum standards of 50-50
crops sharing;

28. 5. Act no. 4113 (the sugar cane
tenancy contracts) –an act
regulating the relationships of
landowners and tenants of sugar
land;
6. Commonwealth act no. 103 –
an act creating the court of
industrial relations which settle
disputes between landowners and
agricultural workers;
7. Commonwealth act no. 213 –
defined and regulated legitimate
labor organizations;

29. 8. Commonwealth act nos.
178,461 and 608 – a law giving
more protection to the
agricultural tenants under rice
tenancy act;
9. Republic act no. 34 & 1946 –
provides for a 70-30 crop
sharing arrangement and
regulating share tenancy
contracts;

30. 10. Republic act no. 1160
of1954 – Establishing the
national resettlement and
rehabilitation administration to
resettle landless residents and
other landless farmers;
11. Republic act no. 1199 –
(THE AGRICULTURAL
TENENCY ACT OF 1954)
amended by RA No. 2263
allowing the division of crops
on the following basis;

31. 12. Republic act no. 1400 - (land reform
act of 1955) creating the land tenure
administration and providing for the
reduction of large landholdings,
resettlement of tenants in areas of
abundant lands; securing of land titles
and provision of adequate credit
facilities for small landholders.;
13. Republic act no. 3844 (the
agricultural land reform code of 1963) –
abolition of share tenancy and the
imposition of agricultural leasehold
system.

32. 16. Presidential decree no. 2
–declaring Philippines as a
land reform area;
17. Presidential decree no.
27 – emancipating the
tenants farmers from the
bondage of soil;
18. Proclamation no. 131 –
instituting a comprehensive
agrarian reform program;

33. 14. Republic act
6389( amendments to the
agricultural land reform code)
– creation of the department of
agrarian reform (DAR) to
implement the agricultural land
reform programs;
15. Republic act 6390(agrarian
reform special fund act) –
created to finance the agrarian
reform program of the
government;

34. 19. Executive order no. 229 –
providing the mechanism on the
implementation of the program;
20. Republic act no. 6657( The
Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Law of 1988) – an act
instituting the CARP to promote
social justice and
industrialization , providing the
mechanism for its
implementation and for other
purposes.

35. “Education is the passport
to the future, for tomorrow
belongs to those who
prepare for it today”
*malcom

36. Prepared by:
LHOREAINE C. TOLENTINO
Beed IV-generalist
Prepared to:
MRS. EMILIA CONQUILLA
Instructor