This document provides a summary of the history of ancient India. It covers the pre-history, proto-history, and proper history periods, as well as the Vedic age. It then discusses the major religions that emerged during this time period - Buddhism and Jainism. For Buddhism, it outlines the life of the Buddha and the major doctrines and sects. For Jainism, it discusses the founder Mahavira and the core beliefs and sects of Jainism, including Digambara and Svetambara.

1. HISTORY
ANCIENT INDIA

2. ANCIENT
INDIA
• Pre History
• Proto History
• Proper History
• Vedic Age
MEDIEVAL
INDIA
• Early Medieval India
• Proper Medieval India
MODERN
INDIA
• Death Of Aurangzeb
• Rebellion of 1857
• Gandhian Era
• Partition Of India

3. • No literary evidence discovered.
• Also no common language.
• Only available source is stone tools.
Pre History
• Indus valley civilization.Proto History
• Literary evidence available.
• Can read ,write and translate it.
Proper History
ANCIENT INDIA-2,00,000 BC to 750 AD

4. Vedic Age-1500 BC to 600 BC
Early Vedic age:
 1500 BC to 1000 BC .
 Tribal kingship.
 No standing /permanent army.
 No taxation, only voluntary offerings.
 Varna system based on social condition.
Later Vedic age:
 1000 BC to 600 BC.
 Discovery of iron /iron implements ,led to surplus agriculture.
 Kings become very powerful.
 Taxation was introduced.
 Evolution of jathi /caste.

5. RELIGIOUS CONDITION
Religion become costly as well as complicated.
Rituals become more rigid, meaning less practices, numerous ceremonies.
More domination of priests.
Even Kshatriyas and Vaishya's too suffered from dominated Brahmins.
Dominated Brahmins made monopoly of both religious thinking and sacrifice
performance.
As religious lost its former vitality ,the society also lost its earlier strength.

6. This led to form 62 religious sects in and around Gangetic plains.
Among 62 sects important is
 Buddhism
 Jainism

7. BUDDHISM
Gautama Buddha was born at Lumbini garden in 563BC as Siddhartha.
Father – king suddhodana of sakyan kingdom.
Mother – Mahamaya.
He was married to princess Yashodhara.
Son – Rahula.
At the age of 29 ,he went for street visit. He saw 4 men
1. Old man
2. Sick /diseased man As per Buddhism they call it as 4 sins
3. Dead body
4. Beggar/saint

8. He wandered as an ascetic for next 6 years.
At the age of 35 he attained enlightenment (nirvana) under pipal tree.
He gave 1st sermon at deer park in sarnath.
At the age of 80 he attained Mahaparinirvana (died )at kushinagar in 483 BC.
Doctrine of Buddha:
Life is full of sorrow.
Sorrow because of desire.
Yes there is a way.
Astangi/marga 8 fold path.

9. COUNCIL YEAR KING PLACE PRESIDENT
1 483 BC AJATASHATRU RAJGIR MAHAKASAPPA
2 383BC KALASHOKA VAISHALI SABBAGAMI
3 250BC ASHOKA PATALIPUTRA MOKALIPUTTA TISSA
4 1St AD KANISHKA KUNDALWANA (KASHMIR) VASUMITRA
BUDDHIST COUNCILS

10. Buddhism/Buddha followed the Middle Path (Madhya Marg).
Buddhism rejects Vedas.
Also rejects the concept of existence of soul (atman) unless Jainism.
To preach his ideas Buddha started an institution called sangha (monastery) an
residential place for Monks (male ) and Nuns (female).
His teachings compiled into three major Pitakas,namely
 Vinaya pitakas
 Sutta pitakas combined together called Tripitakas
 Abhidhamma pitakas
Most Buddhist literary work is in Pali language.

11. Hinayana Buddhism (lesser vehicle):
They do not believe in idol worship.
Used pali language to preach Buddhism.
Emperor Ashoka patronised Hinayana sect of Buddhism.
Worshiped only symbol of Buddha (bull).
Mahayana Buddhism (greater vehicle):
They believe in idol worship.
They used Sanskrit to preach others.
Emperor Kanishka is said to be founder of Mahayana sect of Buddhism.

12. During 7th century AD another form of Buddhism formed ,called as Vajrayana
Buddhism.
Here the main deity is Tara (a lady).
It involves combination of Vedas with Buddhist philosophies.
Vajrayana is based on Mahayana Buddhism.
It is patroned by Pala dynasty.
Followed in Bihar and Bengal region.

13. Buddhist art and culture
Three school of art and culture:
Gandhara (Pakistan)
Madura (Agra)
Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh)

14. JAINISM
The word Jain is derived from jina or jaina means conqueror.
Founder – Rishabhanatha or Adinatha.
Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara born at Kundalgram around 540 BC.
Father – King Siddhartha of Vaishali.
Mother – Queen Trishala.
Wife – Yashoda.
Daughter – Anojja Priyadarshini.
At the age of 30 he left his home to live ascetic life.
For next 12 years he roamed around UP and Bihar.
He died at the age of 72 (468 BC) at Pava (Pavapuri).

15. Jain Philosophy:
They believe in three jewel path, namely
1. Right belief.
2. Right knowledge.
3. Right conduct.
They need to follow five principles in life
1. Ahimsa.
2. Satya. By Parshvanatha
3. Do not steal.
4. Not to acquire property.
5. Brahmachary. By Mahavira

16. They believe in existence of soul (atman).
They rejected the existence of god ,accept only in the form of Jina.
Most of the literary work is in Prakrit language.
Digambara sects:
Complete nudity, they do not wear dress.
Female monks wear plain white cloths.
Bhadrabahu was an exponent of Digambara sects.
Digambaras believe that women cant be Tirthankara's.
Also called as space clans.

17. Svetambara sects:
Followed preaching's of Prasvanath.
Sthulabhadra (Sthulabagu ) was great exponent of Svetambara sect.
Here the Tirthankara's can be either men or women.
They also called as white clans.
Council year Place Monk
1 3rd BC Pataliputra Sthulabahu
2 5th AD Valabhi (Gujarat) Devarandhi Sramanas

18. THANK YOU
BALAJI S
BE,MBA,