The document discusses the rise of fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. It describes the circumstances that allowed Mussolini and Hitler to rise to power, including economic destruction from World War 1, high inflation and unemployment. Both leaders capitalized on the peoples' frustrations by blaming minority groups and using aggressive paramilitary groups to intimidate opponents and seize control. Once in power, they established brutal dictatorships based on extreme nationalism, racism and militarism.

2.  In Search of
Natural Resources
 On the basis of
Some Agreements
 By Drawing
Straight Lines

41. Circumstances for the Growth
of Fascism & Nazism
 Govts. Lost their Power
 Misery & Unemployment
 Poverty & Inflation
 Economic Destruction
 Rivalry against the Victors
 Aimlessness

43. Mussolini
&
Fascism

44. Circumstances for the Growth
of Fascism in Italy
 Italy got Nothing, though Won the War
 Industrialists Supported Fascism
 People Kept away from Govt
o Destruction of Industries
o Unemployment
o Increase in Tax
o Inflation

45. Fascists Used…
 Violence & Ferocity
 Socialists & Peasant
Leaders as Enemies
 Those Opposed were Executed
 Military Force – ‘Black Shirts’
 Aggressive Foreign Policy
 Glorified Ancient Roman Empire
Black Shirts

46. Hitler & Nazism

47. Hitler Came to Power…
 Treaty of Versailles
was Imposed
 Economic Destruction
& Inflation
 Failure of German
Govt.

48. Hitler
was a
Great
Orator

49. Concentration Camp

50. Brown Shirts

51. Hitler Used…
 Dismissed the Govt.
 Socialists, Communists, Jews &
Democrats were Executed
 Concentration Camps for Jews
 Military Force – ‘Brown Shirts’
 Secret Police – ‘Gestapo’
 Projected Purity of Aryan & German

52. Hitler Used…
 Banned Trade Unions, Political Parties
 Military Service was Compulsory
 Revenge against Versailles Treaty
 Used News Paper, Radio, Cinema,
Education to Propagate his Idea
 Aggressive Foreign Policy

53. Chempakaraman Pillai

54. Anne Frank

55. Activity 4
Ideologies Put forth by both Fascists & Nazis
had several similarities.
Complete the Table

56. Ideology Fascism Nazism
Purity of Race Glorified Ancient
Roman Empire
Purity of Aryan &
German
Annihilation of
Enemies
Socialists, Leaders
of Peasants &
Workers, those who
Opposed
Socialists,
Communists, Jews &
Democrats
Military
Dictatorship
Military Force –
‘Black Shirts’
• Military Force –
‘Brown Shirts’
• Secret Police –
‘Gestapo’
Aggressive
Foreign Policy
Conquered
Ethiopia, Albania
Attacked Austria &
Czechoslovakia
Alliance with Italy &
Japan

57. World War II 1939-1945

58. Activity 5 (Group Activity)
GP 1  List out the Reasons for 2nd World War
GP 2  List out the Results of 2nd World War

59. Reasons of 2nd World war
Victorious Nations Shared the Colonies
Italy & Germany got Nothing
Military Alliances
Failure of League of Nations
Conquering of Countries
Growth of Fascism & Nazism
Enmity towards Soviet Union

60. www.masocialma.blogspot.in
Military Alliances During 2nd World War
Japan
ItalyGermany
Axis
Powers
ChinaFrance
England
Allied
Powers

61. Axis
Powers
Allied
Powers

62. British and French
Prime Ministers
Neville Chamberlain
and Edouard Daladier
sign the Munich Pact
with Nazi leader
Adolf Hitler. The
agreement averted
the outbreak of war
but gave
Czechoslovakia away
to German conquest.
Munich Pact

63. On August 23, 1939–shortly
before World War II (1939-45)
broke out in Europe - enemies
Nazi Germany and the Soviet
Union surprised the world by
signing the German-Soviet
Nonaggression Pact, in which
the two countries agreed to take
no military action against each
other for the next 10 years.
Non-Aggression
Pact

64. On 1 Sep 1939 Germany attacked Poland

65. Entry of
Soviet Union & America
Changed the War

66. The attack on Pearl Harbor,
also known as the Battle of
Pearl Harbor, the Hawaii
Operation or Operation AI by
the Japanese Imperial
General Headquarters, and
Operation Z during planning,
was a surprise military strike
by the Imperial Japanese
Navy against the United
States naval base at Pearl
Harbor, in the Territory of
Hawaii, on the morning of
December 7, 1941. The attack
led to the United States' entry
into World War II.

67. Mussolini Was Killed
by Local Partisans
Hitler Committed Suicide

68. 9 Aug 1945 Japan Surrendered

70. Guernica

71. Sadaco Sasuki –
Symbol of Anti-War Feeling

72. Results of 2nd World war
Over 10 Million Died
Economic System Destroyed
European Domination Diminished
Freedom Movements Intensified
America & Soviet Union as Super Powers
UNO was Formed

73. 1945
Headquarters of the United Nations – New York

74. Activity 6
What are the Objectives of UNO

75. Foster Social & Economic
Development of Countries
Protect International Treaties & Laws
Save Future Generation from War
Objectives of UNO

76. Kofi A. Annan (Ghana)
Term of Office: 1997-2006
Ban Ki Moon (South Korea)
Term of Office: 2007-
UN Secretary Generals
Computer

77. Colonies Secured
Freedom from
Imperialist Countries
through Freedom
Movements
Decolonization

78. USA & USSR Came as Super Powers
after 2nd World War
Supported Freedom Movements in
the Colonies

79. M.K. Gandhi
(India)
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
was the Preeminent leader of
the Indian independence
movement in British-ruled India.
Born: October 2, 1869, Porbandar
Spouse: Kasturba Gandhi (1883–1944)
Assassinated: January 30, 1948, N Delhi
Siblings: Laxmidas Karamchand
Gandhi, Raliatbehn Gandhi, Karsandas
Gandhi

80. Nelson Mandela
(South Africa)
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a
South African Anti-Apartheid
Revolutionary, Politician, and
Philanthropist, who served as
President of South Africa from
1994 to 1999.
Born: July 18, 1918, Mvezo, South Africa
Died: December 5, 2013, Houghton Estate,
Johannesburg, South Africa
Influenced by: Mahatma Gandhi, Walter
Sisulu, Albert Lutuli
Awards: Nobel Peace Prize, Presidential
Medal of Freedom, more
Spouse: Graça Machel (m. 1998–2013),
Winnie Mandela (m. 1958–1996),
Evelyn Mase (m. 1944–1958)

81. Quami Nkrumah
(Ghana)
Kwame Nkrumah PC led Ghana
to independence from Britain in
1957 and served as its Prime
Minister and 1st President.
Nkrumah first gained power as
leader of the colonial Gold
Coast, and held it until he was
deposed in 1966.
Born: Sep 21, 1909, Nkroful, Ghana
Died: April 27, 1972, Bucharest,
Romania
Spouse: Fathia Nkrumah
Children: Samia Nkrumah, Gamal
Nkrumah

82. Jomo Kenyatta
(Kenya)
Jomo Kenyatta was a Kenyan
Politician and the First President
of Kenya. Kenyatta was the leader
of Kenya from independence in
1963 to his death in 1978, serving
first as Prime Minister and then as
President.
Born: October 20, 1891, Gatundu, Kenya
Died: August 22, 1978, Mombasa, Kenya
Succeeded by: Daniel arap Moi
Children: Uhuru Kenyatta, Margaret
Kenyatta, Christine Wambui, Anna
Nyokabi, Jane Wambui
Spouse: Ngina Kenyatta (m. 1951–1978)
Education: University College London,
University of London, London School of
Economics and Political Science

83. Ahmed Sukarno
(Indonasia)
Born: June 6, 1901, Surabaya, Indonesia
Died: June 21, 1970, Jakarta, Indonesia
Succeeded by: Suharto
Spouse: Heldy Djafar (m. 1966–1969),
more
Children: Megawati Sukarnoputri,
Rachmawati Sukarnoputri, more
The first President of
Indonesia, serving in office
from 1945 to 1967. He was
the leader of his country's
struggle for Independence
from the Netherlands.

84. Ho chi minh
(Vietnam)
Hồ Chí Minh, born Nguyễn Sinh
Cung, also known as Nguyễn Tất
Thành and Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was
a Vietnamese Communist
revolutionary leader who was
prime minister and president of
the Democratic Republic of
Vietnam.
Born: May 19, 1890, Kim Lien, Vietnam
Died: Sept 2, 1969, Hanoi, Vietnam
Organizations founded: Communist
Party of Vietnam, Viet Minh,

85. Robert Mugabe
(Zimbawe)
Robert Gabriel Mugabe is
the current President of
Zimbabwe, serving since 22
Dec 1987. As one of the
leaders of the rebel groups
against white minority rule,
he was elected as Prime
Minister, head .
Born: February 21, 1924 (age
92), Kutama, Zimbabwe
Spouse: Grace Mugabe (m.
1996), Sally Hayfron

86. Aung Sang
(Mayanmer)
He is considered Father of the Nation of
modern-day Myanmar who served as 5th
Premier of the British Crown Colony of
Burma from 1946 to 1947. He was the
founder of the Communist Party of Burma.
Bogyoke (Major General)
Aung San (13 Feb 1915 –
19 July 1947) was a
Myanmar statesman, firstly
Communist and later Social
Democratic politician,
revolutionary, nationalist,
founder of the Tatmadaw,

87. USA v/s USSR

88. The Enmity based on Ideological
Conflict and Political & Diplomatic
Confrontations btween USA & USSR

89. 2 Blocs Started New Military Alliances
America NATO, SEATO, CENTO
WARSAW PACT
Soviet
Union

90. Military Pacts
NATO SEATO CENTO
WARSAW
PACT
Year 1949 1954 1958 1955
Place Washington Manila Middle East Warsaw
Head
Quartes
Brussels Bangok Angara Mosco
Members
America &
Allies
America &
Allies
America &
Allies
Russia &
Allies

91. Bipolar Politics
Historian Arnold Toynbee used this Term

92. Non-Aligned Movement
 Many Independent Countries after 2nd War
 Realized Cold War was another Imperialism
 It would Threaten World Peace
 Not joined any of the Blocs
 Formed Non-Aligned Movement
“Non- Alignment doesn’t mean to keep aloof from World
affairs. Rather, it is to face many issues we Confront.”

93. Non-Alignment
Leaders
Ahmed Sukarno
(Indonesia)
Jawaharlal Nehru
(India)
GamalAbdul
Nasser(Egypt)
MarshalTito
(Yugoslavia)

94.  Part of Turkish Empire
until 1st W War
 Britain took over it
 Britain helped to form
a Jewish State


History of Israel

95. Arthur Balfour,
British Foreign Secretary
declared the establishment
of a Jewish State in
West Asia
as a reward for the help
from Jews in the W War

96. Establishment of
a Homeland for
Jews
Idea by Theodor
Herzl in his book
The Jewish State

97.  In 1948 Israel was Formed
 War between Israel & Arab Nations
 Israel seized Palestinian
 Palestinians Migrated to Various
Arab Countries
 Formation of PLO

99. Palestine Liberation Organization
Yasser Arafat
 To establish a Nation
for Palestine
 Yasser Arafat as
President


100. The Oslo Accords were subsequently officially signed at
a public ceremony in Washington, D.C., on 13 September
1993 in the presence of PLO chairman Yasser Arafat, the
then Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and U.S.
President Bill Clinton
Oslo Pact

101. Oil Export as a
Strategy to Resolve
Palestine Issue
o Reduce Oil
Production
o Increase Price

102. Activity 7
What are the Reasons for the
Disintegration of Soviet Union

103. Disintegration of Soviet Union
 Failure in the Economic Sector
 Regulation on Freedom
 Corruption & Inefficiency of Leaders
 Administrative Measures of Gorbachev
 Deviation from Socialism
 Over Importance to Defence

104.  Resigned in 1991
 Soviet Union Ceased
 End of Cold War
 Unipolar World by USA
Mikhail Gorbachev

105. Gorbachev
PerestroikaGlasnost
Openness in
Political Process
Restructure of
Economic System

106. Unipolar World
USA Emerged as a Global
Power & Centre of World
Politics after the
Disintegration of Soviet Union

107. Saddam Hussein
Imperialist
Policy of USA
Paved the way
for the Gulf War

108. Multi National Companies
Serving the
Interests of
Capitalists
Countries
Registered in a Developed
Country & Functioning in
Many Countries.
New Imperialism

109. Multi National Companies - Features
The Economy of many Countries
Collapsed

110. Different Concepts of
New Imperialism
Liberalisation Globalisation
Privatisation

111. Activity 8
Write Short Note on the Following
 Liberalisation
 Privatisation
 Globalisation

115. World Bank
IMF
WTO
Globalisation

116. Activity 9
Compare the Advantages &
Disadvantages of Globalisation

117. Globalisation - Advantages
 Transfer of
 Goods
 Products
 Services
 Information Technology
Beyond Boundaries

118. Globalisation - Disadvantages
 Nation States are Challenged by MNCs
 Indigenous Culture Destruction
 Price of Agricultural Products Plunged
 Public Sector undertakings Destroyed
 Less Social Service from Govt.
 Natural Resources were Looted

119. Additional Activities
1. Compare the Military Alliances during 1st &
2nd World War
2.
3.
4.
5.