The document discusses the history and role of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It summarizes that IEEE was formed in 1963 through the merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), which was founded in 1884, and the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), founded in 1912. IEEE is now the world's largest technical professional organization, publishing a third of the world's technical literature in various engineering fields like electrical, computer science and more. It provides learning and research opportunities through conferences and its publications which include many top journals.
This document describes a student result system project created using C programming language. It allows users to perform operations like adding student records, viewing all records, searching records by roll number, calculating average marks, and sorting records by marks or roll number. The key algorithms used are merge sort for sorting and linear search for searching and insertion. The source code implements functions for the main menu, record insertion, display, sorting, searching, and average calculation. UML diagrams show the design of the student record class and interaction between functions.
This document provides an overview of research in management. It begins by defining research and outlining the basic steps: posing a question, collecting data to answer it, and presenting an answer. It then describes the main types of research - basic research, applied research, qualitative research, and quantitative research. Finally, it discusses the significance of research, criteria for good research, and common problems researchers face in India, such as a lack of scientific training.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
This document is a laboratory file submitted by Krishna Ballabh Gupta for his Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering at Shivalik College of Engineering in 2015. It contains laboratory files on operating systems, compiler design, artificial intelligence, and visual programming and .NET technologies. Each file was submitted to a different assistant professor and includes an index and signatures.
Onam is a 10-day harvest festival celebrated in Kerala, India in remembrance of the mythical King Mahabali. Key events during the festival include elaborate processions, ritual flower arrangements, shopping, boat races, feasts, dances, and fireworks displays. The highlight is Thiruonam, which marks King Mahabali's annual visit to bless his subjects, celebrated with a grand communal feast and welcoming decorations.
The document provides an overview of wireless network and mobile device security. It discusses some key factors that contribute to higher security risks for wireless networks compared to wired networks, including the wireless channel, mobility, limited device resources, and accessibility. It also describes common wireless network threats like accidental association, man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service attacks, and network injection. The document then discusses measures to secure wireless transmissions and access points. It outlines security threats specific to mobile devices like lack of physical security controls and use of untrusted networks and applications. Finally, it provides an overview of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN security standards including WEP, WPA, RSN, and the phases of 802.
The document discusses the history and role of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It summarizes that IEEE was formed in 1963 through the merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), which was founded in 1884, and the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), founded in 1912. IEEE is now the world's largest technical professional organization, publishing a third of the world's technical literature in various engineering fields like electrical, computer science and more. It provides learning and research opportunities through conferences and its publications which include many top journals.
This document describes a student result system project created using C programming language. It allows users to perform operations like adding student records, viewing all records, searching records by roll number, calculating average marks, and sorting records by marks or roll number. The key algorithms used are merge sort for sorting and linear search for searching and insertion. The source code implements functions for the main menu, record insertion, display, sorting, searching, and average calculation. UML diagrams show the design of the student record class and interaction between functions.
This document provides an overview of research in management. It begins by defining research and outlining the basic steps: posing a question, collecting data to answer it, and presenting an answer. It then describes the main types of research - basic research, applied research, qualitative research, and quantitative research. Finally, it discusses the significance of research, criteria for good research, and common problems researchers face in India, such as a lack of scientific training.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
This document is a laboratory file submitted by Krishna Ballabh Gupta for his Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering at Shivalik College of Engineering in 2015. It contains laboratory files on operating systems, compiler design, artificial intelligence, and visual programming and .NET technologies. Each file was submitted to a different assistant professor and includes an index and signatures.
Onam is a 10-day harvest festival celebrated in Kerala, India in remembrance of the mythical King Mahabali. Key events during the festival include elaborate processions, ritual flower arrangements, shopping, boat races, feasts, dances, and fireworks displays. The highlight is Thiruonam, which marks King Mahabali's annual visit to bless his subjects, celebrated with a grand communal feast and welcoming decorations.
The document provides an overview of wireless network and mobile device security. It discusses some key factors that contribute to higher security risks for wireless networks compared to wired networks, including the wireless channel, mobility, limited device resources, and accessibility. It also describes common wireless network threats like accidental association, man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service attacks, and network injection. The document then discusses measures to secure wireless transmissions and access points. It outlines security threats specific to mobile devices like lack of physical security controls and use of untrusted networks and applications. Finally, it provides an overview of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN security standards including WEP, WPA, RSN, and the phases of 802.
This document is a major project report submitted by Vivek Kumar to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Computer Science and Engineering. The report focuses on automatic number plate recognition and was created under the guidance of Professor Anurag Jain of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Radha Raman Institute of Technology and Science in Bhopal, India. Vivek Kumar acknowledges and thanks Professor Anurag Jain, Mis. Swati Dongre, Dr. A. K. Sachan, his parents, and God for their support and guidance throughout the project.
A very important thing to know about internet is WWW. We all see this 1 word but most of us are not aware of it. So in this slide you will find everything about World Wide Web.
The document discusses different aspects of websites, web pages, and the World Wide Web. It defines the World Wide Web as an open information space accessed via URLs and hyperlinks on the internet. Websites are collections of web pages that reside on the same server and are organized hierarchically with hyperlinks controlling navigation. Web pages can be static files or dynamically generated and are viewed using HTML in a web browser. The document also categorizes websites according to their style (static vs dynamic) and function (personal, commercial, government, non-profit).
This document provides an outline for a presentation on computer viruses. It defines viruses and discusses their naming, types, examples, infection phases, and symptoms. It focuses specifically on Trojans, phishing sites, combating viruses with anti-viruses and firewalls, and safe computing practices. The outline covers virus history, definitions, major examples, and details on file, boot sector, macro, and multipartite viruses. It also explains symptoms of infection and strategies for prevention and recovery.
This document discusses research hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis helps translate research problems into clear predictions about expected outcomes. Hypotheses are derived from literature reviews and conceptual frameworks. The main types discussed are research hypotheses, null hypotheses, and testable hypotheses. Research hypotheses make predictions, while null hypotheses predict no relationship. Testable hypotheses involve measurable variables. Variables are also discussed, including independent, dependent, extraneous, and demographic variables. Assumptions and limitations of research are briefly covered.
The 7 step research process includes: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating testable hypotheses, 4) designing the research methodology, 5) collecting primary data through methods like surveys and interviews, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) interpreting the findings and reporting the results. The overall goal is to gather information to initiate, modify, or terminate investments or projects through a systematic process of exploring an issue, collecting evidence, and drawing conclusions.
The document proposes a food donation web application project that aims to address the problems of food waste and food insecurity. It will connect food donors with organizations that can distribute surplus food to those in need. The project will develop a web application using technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React and Node.js. It will allow users to post donations and for organizations to view and accept donations. The goal is to efficiently facilitate food donation and distribution to reduce waste and hunger.
This document discusses internet security and how to stay safe online. It begins with an introduction on why internet security is important because people access sensitive personal information like banking records online. It then discusses what internet security entails, including securing web browsers and authentication of data sent over the internet. It describes hackers as people with computer skills who can explore software and hardware, noting some hack illegally while others work to improve security. Common attacks are also outlined, such as phishing scams, pharming, and SQL injection. The document concludes with recommendations for staying safe, like using strong passwords, antivirus software, firewalls, and keeping computers updated.
This document discusses various methods for real-time communication over the Internet, including chat, instant messaging, and wireless technologies. It describes different types of chat like text, voice, and video chat. It also explains commonly used chat platforms and protocols like Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and instant messaging software. Additionally, the document outlines different wireless network standards and technologies that enable wireless Internet access using devices like smartphones and laptops. It emphasizes selecting wireless devices and services based on a network's coverage area and features.
This document discusses the main sources for literature review, including primary and secondary sources. It states that primary sources are original research studies written by the original researchers, while secondary sources are descriptions or summaries of multiple studies written by someone other than the original researchers. The document provides numerous examples of electronic databases that can be used to search for primary and secondary sources, such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and various subject-specific databases. It also mentions printed sources like journals and dissertation abstracts.
The document discusses data analysis and provides details about:
- The steps involved in quantitative data analysis including data preparation, description, inference drawing, and interpretation.
- The different scales of measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio - and their properties.
- Descriptive statistics used to organize and summarize data such as measures of central tendency, dispersion, and relationship.
- Methods for condensing data including frequency distribution tables, contingency tables, and graphs.
This document compares and contrasts quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research aims to precisely measure and test hypotheses using experimental, quasi-experimental, or non-experimental designs with large sample sizes. The variables are clearly defined, the problem is deductively reasoned, and all aspects are carefully planned. Qualitative research seeks an in-depth understanding of human behavior using small sample sizes in phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, or case study designs. The problem is inductively reasoned and emerges during the study, while variables are loosely defined. It collects rich narrative data through immersion in the subject matter to develop theories rather than test them.
Survey research involves studying a representative sample of a population to make inferences about characteristics of the whole population. It is a technique used in social science research to study opinions, attitudes, and social facts. There are different types of surveys, including personal interviews, questionnaires, telephone surveys, and panel techniques. Personal interviews can be structured or unstructured, and they may involve individual or group interactions. Questionnaires use a predetermined set of questions to collect information through self-reporting. Telephone surveys are convenient but risk superficial answers. Panel techniques interview the same sample successively to understand changes over time but are prone to sample loss.
Internet Explorer is a graphical web browser developed by Microsoft that was included in Windows operating systems starting in 1995. It was the default browser until being replaced by Microsoft Edge in Windows 10, though it remains available. It was initially based on Spyglass Mosaic and helped popularize web browsing. Internet Explorer supported early web standards and introduced features like security zones and group policy configuration. Major versions added functionality like HTML5 support and performance improvements. While free and widely used, it also had bugs, security issues, and lacked features of other browsers.
This document discusses several existing ontologies for modeling restaurant menus and food data on the semantic web:
- Schema.org allows menus to be attached to restaurants as text or URLs but does not link individual menu items. Recipe classes could be used instead.
- RPI has published a Wine ontology and food ontology that could describe menu items. They also held a Food Semantic Web meetup to discuss ontology development.
- LOV includes a vocabulary focused on nutrition characteristics of food.
- Locu is a platform that enables multi-channel dissemination of data for restaurants and similar businesses.
- LinkedFood, from TU Berlin, aims to link food data on the semantic web.
The document discusses various tools used for research in education. It categorizes the major tools into inquiry forms, observation, interview, sociometry, and psychological tests. Some of the key inquiry forms discussed include questionnaires, checklists, rating scales, opinionnaires, and attitude scales. Rating scales are used to record judgements on a scale, while attitude scales measure attitudes towards issues, institutions, or groups. Questionnaires rely on written responses to collect opinions. Checklists help ensure consistency and completeness in tasks. The document also briefly mentions online tools that can be used for teaching, learning, and creating, such as Adobe Spark, Padlet, and Canva.
Structured observation involves directly observing a phenomenon and systematically recording observations. The researcher decides behaviors to observe in advance and creates an observation checklist or coding system. They tally behaviors and can sample events or time periods. It produces quantitative data. Tools like checklists are used to record notes about what is observed. Some advantages are obtaining unbiased, accurate data on currently occurring behaviors. Disadvantages include it being expensive and not allowing evaluation of past data.
The document discusses rural infrastructure in India and the government's Bharat Nirman program. It states that 71% of Indians live in rural areas that lack access to basic infrastructure like power, telephones and sanitation. The Bharat Nirman program aims to upgrade rural infrastructure in areas like roads, housing, irrigation, drinking water and telecommunications over four years. It allocates funds for schemes to provide roads, housing, irrigation facilities, drinking water and telecom connectivity to rural areas of India.
This document is a major project report submitted by Vivek Kumar to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Computer Science and Engineering. The report focuses on automatic number plate recognition and was created under the guidance of Professor Anurag Jain of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Radha Raman Institute of Technology and Science in Bhopal, India. Vivek Kumar acknowledges and thanks Professor Anurag Jain, Mis. Swati Dongre, Dr. A. K. Sachan, his parents, and God for their support and guidance throughout the project.
A very important thing to know about internet is WWW. We all see this 1 word but most of us are not aware of it. So in this slide you will find everything about World Wide Web.
The document discusses different aspects of websites, web pages, and the World Wide Web. It defines the World Wide Web as an open information space accessed via URLs and hyperlinks on the internet. Websites are collections of web pages that reside on the same server and are organized hierarchically with hyperlinks controlling navigation. Web pages can be static files or dynamically generated and are viewed using HTML in a web browser. The document also categorizes websites according to their style (static vs dynamic) and function (personal, commercial, government, non-profit).
This document provides an outline for a presentation on computer viruses. It defines viruses and discusses their naming, types, examples, infection phases, and symptoms. It focuses specifically on Trojans, phishing sites, combating viruses with anti-viruses and firewalls, and safe computing practices. The outline covers virus history, definitions, major examples, and details on file, boot sector, macro, and multipartite viruses. It also explains symptoms of infection and strategies for prevention and recovery.
This document discusses research hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A hypothesis helps translate research problems into clear predictions about expected outcomes. Hypotheses are derived from literature reviews and conceptual frameworks. The main types discussed are research hypotheses, null hypotheses, and testable hypotheses. Research hypotheses make predictions, while null hypotheses predict no relationship. Testable hypotheses involve measurable variables. Variables are also discussed, including independent, dependent, extraneous, and demographic variables. Assumptions and limitations of research are briefly covered.
The 7 step research process includes: 1) defining the research problem, 2) reviewing relevant literature, 3) formulating testable hypotheses, 4) designing the research methodology, 5) collecting primary data through methods like surveys and interviews, 6) analyzing the collected data, and 7) interpreting the findings and reporting the results. The overall goal is to gather information to initiate, modify, or terminate investments or projects through a systematic process of exploring an issue, collecting evidence, and drawing conclusions.
The document proposes a food donation web application project that aims to address the problems of food waste and food insecurity. It will connect food donors with organizations that can distribute surplus food to those in need. The project will develop a web application using technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React and Node.js. It will allow users to post donations and for organizations to view and accept donations. The goal is to efficiently facilitate food donation and distribution to reduce waste and hunger.
This document discusses internet security and how to stay safe online. It begins with an introduction on why internet security is important because people access sensitive personal information like banking records online. It then discusses what internet security entails, including securing web browsers and authentication of data sent over the internet. It describes hackers as people with computer skills who can explore software and hardware, noting some hack illegally while others work to improve security. Common attacks are also outlined, such as phishing scams, pharming, and SQL injection. The document concludes with recommendations for staying safe, like using strong passwords, antivirus software, firewalls, and keeping computers updated.
This document discusses various methods for real-time communication over the Internet, including chat, instant messaging, and wireless technologies. It describes different types of chat like text, voice, and video chat. It also explains commonly used chat platforms and protocols like Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and instant messaging software. Additionally, the document outlines different wireless network standards and technologies that enable wireless Internet access using devices like smartphones and laptops. It emphasizes selecting wireless devices and services based on a network's coverage area and features.
This document discusses the main sources for literature review, including primary and secondary sources. It states that primary sources are original research studies written by the original researchers, while secondary sources are descriptions or summaries of multiple studies written by someone other than the original researchers. The document provides numerous examples of electronic databases that can be used to search for primary and secondary sources, such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and various subject-specific databases. It also mentions printed sources like journals and dissertation abstracts.
The document discusses data analysis and provides details about:
- The steps involved in quantitative data analysis including data preparation, description, inference drawing, and interpretation.
- The different scales of measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio - and their properties.
- Descriptive statistics used to organize and summarize data such as measures of central tendency, dispersion, and relationship.
- Methods for condensing data including frequency distribution tables, contingency tables, and graphs.
This document compares and contrasts quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research aims to precisely measure and test hypotheses using experimental, quasi-experimental, or non-experimental designs with large sample sizes. The variables are clearly defined, the problem is deductively reasoned, and all aspects are carefully planned. Qualitative research seeks an in-depth understanding of human behavior using small sample sizes in phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, or case study designs. The problem is inductively reasoned and emerges during the study, while variables are loosely defined. It collects rich narrative data through immersion in the subject matter to develop theories rather than test them.
Survey research involves studying a representative sample of a population to make inferences about characteristics of the whole population. It is a technique used in social science research to study opinions, attitudes, and social facts. There are different types of surveys, including personal interviews, questionnaires, telephone surveys, and panel techniques. Personal interviews can be structured or unstructured, and they may involve individual or group interactions. Questionnaires use a predetermined set of questions to collect information through self-reporting. Telephone surveys are convenient but risk superficial answers. Panel techniques interview the same sample successively to understand changes over time but are prone to sample loss.
Internet Explorer is a graphical web browser developed by Microsoft that was included in Windows operating systems starting in 1995. It was the default browser until being replaced by Microsoft Edge in Windows 10, though it remains available. It was initially based on Spyglass Mosaic and helped popularize web browsing. Internet Explorer supported early web standards and introduced features like security zones and group policy configuration. Major versions added functionality like HTML5 support and performance improvements. While free and widely used, it also had bugs, security issues, and lacked features of other browsers.
This document discusses several existing ontologies for modeling restaurant menus and food data on the semantic web:
- Schema.org allows menus to be attached to restaurants as text or URLs but does not link individual menu items. Recipe classes could be used instead.
- RPI has published a Wine ontology and food ontology that could describe menu items. They also held a Food Semantic Web meetup to discuss ontology development.
- LOV includes a vocabulary focused on nutrition characteristics of food.
- Locu is a platform that enables multi-channel dissemination of data for restaurants and similar businesses.
- LinkedFood, from TU Berlin, aims to link food data on the semantic web.
The document discusses various tools used for research in education. It categorizes the major tools into inquiry forms, observation, interview, sociometry, and psychological tests. Some of the key inquiry forms discussed include questionnaires, checklists, rating scales, opinionnaires, and attitude scales. Rating scales are used to record judgements on a scale, while attitude scales measure attitudes towards issues, institutions, or groups. Questionnaires rely on written responses to collect opinions. Checklists help ensure consistency and completeness in tasks. The document also briefly mentions online tools that can be used for teaching, learning, and creating, such as Adobe Spark, Padlet, and Canva.
Structured observation involves directly observing a phenomenon and systematically recording observations. The researcher decides behaviors to observe in advance and creates an observation checklist or coding system. They tally behaviors and can sample events or time periods. It produces quantitative data. Tools like checklists are used to record notes about what is observed. Some advantages are obtaining unbiased, accurate data on currently occurring behaviors. Disadvantages include it being expensive and not allowing evaluation of past data.
The document discusses rural infrastructure in India and the government's Bharat Nirman program. It states that 71% of Indians live in rural areas that lack access to basic infrastructure like power, telephones and sanitation. The Bharat Nirman program aims to upgrade rural infrastructure in areas like roads, housing, irrigation, drinking water and telecommunications over four years. It allocates funds for schemes to provide roads, housing, irrigation facilities, drinking water and telecom connectivity to rural areas of India.
The document discusses the rise of fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany. It describes the circumstances that allowed Mussolini and Hitler to rise to power, including economic destruction from World War 1, high inflation and unemployment. Both leaders capitalized on the peoples' frustrations by blaming minority groups and using aggressive paramilitary groups to intimidate opponents and seize control. Once in power, they established brutal dictatorships based on extreme nationalism, racism and militarism.
The document discusses various types of winds including planetary winds, periodic winds, and local winds. It provides details on factors influencing atmospheric pressure and wind speed and direction. Some key points summarized:
- Planetary winds include trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies which are formed between global pressure belts.
- Periodic winds include monsoon winds and land/sea breezes which occur for short periods in certain places. Monsoons are caused by seasonal pressure and temperature changes.
- Local winds arise from local pressure differences and include winds like loo, chinook, foehn and harmattan.
The document examines formation of pressure belts and influence of factors like altitude, temperature
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Social science english medium notes 2016KarnatakaOER
The document contains an index and chapters on history, political science, sociology, geography, economics, and business studies. It provides an overview of the advent of Europeans in India, the colonial rule under the British East India Company, the foundation of British administration and its effects on India. Key events discussed include the Anglo-Mysore wars, Anglo-Maratha wars, and reforms introduced by acts like the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784, and the Government of India Acts of 1909 and 1919. The document also touches on social reforms, independence movement, post-independence political dimensions, and includes tables on various topics in geography, economics, and business studies.
The document provides contact information for Shajal Kakkodi who prepared it. Shajal Kakkodi attends M.I.L.P School in Kakkodi, Kozhikode and can be reached by email or phone for feedback on the document.
This document discusses different types of satellites and their positions. It provides information on previous knowledge, global geo-stationary satellites positions, and polar orbiting earth-observation satellites. The document was prepared by Shinu.V.Raj, HSA (S.S), E.V.H.S.S.Neduvathoor, P.K Ramachandran, Principal, Girls H.S Kottarakara and developed by Shinu .V .Raj, H.S.A Social Science, E.V.H.S.S .Neduvathoor.
This document discusses the Earth's movements and how they cause seasons. It explains that the Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, causing day and night. It revolves around the sun once every 365 days. The tilt of the Earth's axis and its elliptical orbit cause variations in sunlight over the course of a year, resulting in seasons. The summer solstice occurs on June 21 when the North pole is most tilted toward the sun, causing the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The winter solstice is on December 22 when the North pole is most tilted away from the sun, resulting in the longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The document also discusses time zones,
Water is essential for life on Earth and exists in three states - liquid, solid (ice) and gas (water vapor). Yellowstone National Park has many geysers and hot springs formed due to underground volcanic activity. Various water conservation techniques like contour bunding, contour trenches, checkdams, terracing and mulching can prevent soil erosion and retain moisture in the soil. The Chenab Project in India involves construction of dams, barrages and hydropower stations. The document was prepared by Jeyanthy.R, a Health and Safety Assistant at GMMGHSS school in Palakkad, India.
India has adopted a mixed economy model with five-year plans to guide economic development since independence. The plans aim to accelerate growth and reduce poverty and unemployment through public investment in infrastructure and industry while allowing private sector participation. The latest plans have focused on making agriculture more productive, boosting manufacturing, and improving access to healthcare, education and skills training.
This document is about the blanket of the earth. It was prepared by Jeyanthy.R, a student of GMMGHSS in Palakkad, Kerala, India. The document discusses the different layers that make up the blanket or covering of the earth.
This document lists important locations from ancient Magadha in India to Thaneswar. It includes places like Magadha, Dhauli near Bhuvaneshwar, Vaisali, Thopara in Delhi, and Rupanath. The document was prepared by Jeyanthy.R, a student at GMMGHSS school in Palakkad, as part of their history studies.
The document appears to be a school assignment prepared by a student named Jeyanthy.R for their class H S A(SS) at GMMGHSS, a high school located in Palakkad, India. The document does not contain any other substantive information beyond the header.
6. േദശീയ വരുമാനം
ഒരു രാജയം ഒരു വർഷം ഉലാദിപികുന
സാധനങളുേടയും േസവനങളുേടയും ആെക മൂലയം
പണതിൽ പതിപാദികുനതാണ് േദശീയ വരുമാനം
േദശീയ വരുമാനവുമായി ബനെപട ആശയങളാണ് അറേദശീയ
ഉലനം പതിശീർഷവരുമാനം എനിവ.
േദശീയ വരുമാനം കണകാകുനതിനുള 3 രീതികളാണ്
ഉലാദന രീതി വരുമാന രീതി െചലവു രീതി
ഇനയയിൽ േകന സിതിവിവര സംഘടനയാണ് (CSO)
േദശീയ വരുമാനം കണകാകുകയും പസിദീകരികുകയും
െചയുനത്.
രാജയം ൈകവരിച സാമതികവളർച മനസിലാകുനതിനും
താരതമയം െചയുനതിനും േദശീയവരുമാന കണകുകൾ
സഹായികുനു.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. േദശീയ വരുമാനം കണകാകുനതിെന പാധാനയം
വിവിധ േമഖലകളുെട സംഭാവന അറിയാൻ
സമദഘടയുെട ഉലാദന െമചം കെണതാൻ
സാമതിക വളർചാ നിരക് കണകാകുവാൻ.
ആസൂതണം െമചെപടുതാൻ
ആസൂതണം നടതുനവർക് സാമതിക പശങൾ
പരിഹരികാൻ ആവശയമായ നടപടികൾ സവീകരികുക .
മറു രാജയങളുെട േദശീയ വരുമാനവുമായി താരതമയം
െചയത് നിഗമനങൾ രൂപെപടുതുനതിന്.