Hill area planning, development and management, remains both intricate and a complex task, requiring specialised skill, expertise, understanding, knowledge and experience. Hills are special for the reason they remain part of and close to nature and have complex bio-sphere system. Hills remain storehouse of natural resources. They house natural wealth and best of climate. Hills have numerous positivities but because of their fragility they remain vulnerable to all development activities undertaken by human species. Tourism has emerged as the double edged weapon in hill area development. Heritage has been subjected to large vulnerability. Promoting mobility has led to disaster and population influx has made hill areas weak vulnerable. For mitigating challenges of climate change; overcoming heat island; reducing global warming and making cities carbon neutral, hill areas offer the best option. Hill areas need healing touch using nature and natural elements. They require care , and caution for their sustainable development. They need celebrations for the reason that remain the best hope to make world more livable and sustainable. Nations must care , respect ,revere and celebrate its hill areas and should eliminates all factors which lead to diluting, damaging the hill area fabric, structure and soul.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
Salient features of a well-designed inclusive Neighbourhood (Colony) for the urban poor is characterized by a well conceptualized effort at social cohesion:
I. Housing Unit and Layouts of Cluster Housing
II. Neighbourhood Colony Layouts
III. Basic Physical Infrastructure (Water Supply, Sanitation, Drainage, Roads, Street Lighting, Solid
Waste Management, etc.)
IV. Cohesive Social Infrastructure (Community Centre, Informal Sector Market, Livelihood Centre,
etc.)
Promoting Sustainable Development of Hill Areas- Issues and OptionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to define the issues and roadblocks facing the growth and development of hill settlements in India and suggests strategies to make them rational and supportive of sustainability
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
Salient features of a well-designed inclusive Neighbourhood (Colony) for the urban poor is characterized by a well conceptualized effort at social cohesion:
I. Housing Unit and Layouts of Cluster Housing
II. Neighbourhood Colony Layouts
III. Basic Physical Infrastructure (Water Supply, Sanitation, Drainage, Roads, Street Lighting, Solid
Waste Management, etc.)
IV. Cohesive Social Infrastructure (Community Centre, Informal Sector Market, Livelihood Centre,
etc.)
Promoting Sustainable Development of Hill Areas- Issues and OptionJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to define the issues and roadblocks facing the growth and development of hill settlements in India and suggests strategies to make them rational and supportive of sustainability
The presentation is a brief introduction to the road network of Ahmedabad comprising of terminals, nodes, arterial, sub-arterial, collector and local roads. It also provides an intersection detail of Paldi circle as one case study.
A slum is a condition which is unfit for human habitation. Therefore, this pdf talks about one of the densely populated slums of Delhi and its characteristics.
A slideshow on Riverfront development (ongoing activities as well as prospective and necessary measures) in Varanasi, why Varanasi Ghats mean so much, why blind urbanization is not enough, etc.
INTRODUCTION
COORDINATES - 23.22 ON 72.680 E ELEVATION - 265 feet (81 m)*
LOCATED 23 KM NORTH OF AHEMDABAD (FIN CAP. OF GUJARAT)
PLANNED IN 1960S BY, PRAKASH M APTE & H. K. MEWADA,
AFTER PARTITION OF BOMBAY * STATE : AHEMDABAD WAS MADE AS THE CAPTAL OFGUJARAT
AREA TOTAL 177KM2 ELEVATION : 8IM ( 266 FT)
POPULATION (2011)
TOTAL: 206,167 DENSITY : 1,200/KM2
CLIMATE*
TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE•
SUMMER MAXIMUM - 36 to 42 °C MINIMUM - 19 to 27 C
WINTER MAXIMUM - 29 C MINIMUM - 14°C
MONSOON: THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL IS AROUND 803.4 MM
LANGUAGES
GUJARATI, HINDI, AND ENGLISH• 54% GREEN COVER ON ITS LAND AREA
• THE CITY SITS ON THE BANKS OF THE SABARMATI RIVER, IN NORTH-CENTRALEAST GUJARAT
HISTORY
IN 1960, THE INDIAN STATE OF BOMBAY WAS SPLIT INTO TWO STATES, MAHARASHTRA AND GUJARAT LEAVING GUJARAT WITHOUT A CAPITAL CITY.
AT THE TIME AHMEDABAD WAS SELECTED TO BE THE FIRST CAPITAL OF THE NEWLY CREATED STATE.
• IT WAS LATER PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL CITY BE CONSTRUCTED FOR THE STATE.
• GANDHINAGAR GOT AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN WHEN THE STATE OF MUMBAI WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE STATES OF GUJARAT AND MAHARASHTRA.
• IN THE BEGINNING, AHMEDABAD - A COMMERCIAL HUB OF GUJARAT WAS CHOSEN AS THE STATE CAPITAL AND IT WAS PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG THE LINE OF OTHER NEW STATE CAPITALS, PARTICULARLY CHANDIGARH
• THEREFORE TWO WELL-KNOWN INDIAN ARCHITECTS, H.K. MEWADA AND PRAKASH M. APTE (WHO WORKED AS BEGINNER FOR THE CHANDIGARH CITY) DESIGNED THE NEW STATE CAPITAL*
NAMED AFTER MAHATMA GANDHI THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THIS CITY WAS LAID ON 1965 AND IN 1971 THE CAPITAL WAS SHIFTED FROM AHMEDABAD TO GANDHINAGAR
PLANNING
• PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED BETWEEN 1965-1970
• DETERMINATION TO MAKE GANDHINAGAR A PURELY INDIAN ENTERPRISE, PARTLY BECAUSE GUJARAT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF GANDHI.
• TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A SEPARATE IDENTITY FOR THE NEW CITY THE SURROUNDING AREA OF ABOUT 39 VILLAGES WAS BROUGHT UNDER A PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT (AS IN CHANDIGARH)
• THE AREA LATER CONSTITUTED A SEPARATE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT OF GANDHINAGAR.
• THE CITY WAS PLANNED FOR A POPULATION OF 150,000 BUT CAN ACCOMMODATE DOUBLE THAT POPULATION WITH INCREASE IN THE FLOOR SPACE RATIO FROM 1 TO 2 IN THE AREAS RESERVED FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT.
• THE RIVER BEING THE BORDER ON THE EAST, AND THE INDUSTRIAL AREA TO THE NORTH, THE MOST LOGICAL FUTURE PHYSICAL EXPANSION OF THE CITY WAS ENVISAGED TOWARDS THE NORTH-WEST
Problems in metropolitan cities by vakharia_siddhiSiddhi Vakharia
Problems in metropolitan cities graduate report under smart metropolitan planning subject in masters of Town and Country planning. 11 major problems of metropolitan cities in India
Introduction to Site Planning. These slides should be able to provide urban planners a simple guide to factors and issues to consider in planning a a site. These slides were prepared for urban design class for masters students in Makerere University Kampala ( Uganda)
Hill area remain different, distinct and unique in environment, culture, terrain and morphology. Accordingly, such area's need to be viewed and treated differently from its counterparts - plain area's Hill areas need to be planned, developed and managed with sensitivity. Such areas need special skill , knowledge , expertise and understanding of the complexities . Hill areas cannot be burdened with urbanisation, loaded with physical infrastructures and planned for vehicles. Such areas needs to be preserved , conserved with value addition and not treated as a commercial entity. Treating hills as a tradeable commodity, is sure to bring disaster to nations and communities, accordingly these areas need to be empowered with a framework of planned development; limiting the human load on such areas; promoting selective non-polluting and source extensive industries; promoting activities which are not consumers of land; working with nature; eliminating all factors which adversely impact the environment, ecology and bio-diversity. These areas are to be declared as wellness area serving as the vital lungs of the society. Regional planning would remain the best option for developing such areas by leveraging synergies between bot rural and urban areas. Regulating tourism and making it qualitative will remain essential. Hill areas nee d to be made self-contained and self-sufficient in daily essential /basic needs.
Promoting Sustainable Development of Hill Areas- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to understand the Indian context of hills for the ecology, environment and development , issues faced by the hill areas in planning and development . Making suggestions in brief about the possible options to make hill areas development more rational, sustainable and eco-friendly.
The presentation is a brief introduction to the road network of Ahmedabad comprising of terminals, nodes, arterial, sub-arterial, collector and local roads. It also provides an intersection detail of Paldi circle as one case study.
A slum is a condition which is unfit for human habitation. Therefore, this pdf talks about one of the densely populated slums of Delhi and its characteristics.
A slideshow on Riverfront development (ongoing activities as well as prospective and necessary measures) in Varanasi, why Varanasi Ghats mean so much, why blind urbanization is not enough, etc.
INTRODUCTION
COORDINATES - 23.22 ON 72.680 E ELEVATION - 265 feet (81 m)*
LOCATED 23 KM NORTH OF AHEMDABAD (FIN CAP. OF GUJARAT)
PLANNED IN 1960S BY, PRAKASH M APTE & H. K. MEWADA,
AFTER PARTITION OF BOMBAY * STATE : AHEMDABAD WAS MADE AS THE CAPTAL OFGUJARAT
AREA TOTAL 177KM2 ELEVATION : 8IM ( 266 FT)
POPULATION (2011)
TOTAL: 206,167 DENSITY : 1,200/KM2
CLIMATE*
TROPICAL WET AND DRY CLIMATE•
SUMMER MAXIMUM - 36 to 42 °C MINIMUM - 19 to 27 C
WINTER MAXIMUM - 29 C MINIMUM - 14°C
MONSOON: THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL IS AROUND 803.4 MM
LANGUAGES
GUJARATI, HINDI, AND ENGLISH• 54% GREEN COVER ON ITS LAND AREA
• THE CITY SITS ON THE BANKS OF THE SABARMATI RIVER, IN NORTH-CENTRALEAST GUJARAT
HISTORY
IN 1960, THE INDIAN STATE OF BOMBAY WAS SPLIT INTO TWO STATES, MAHARASHTRA AND GUJARAT LEAVING GUJARAT WITHOUT A CAPITAL CITY.
AT THE TIME AHMEDABAD WAS SELECTED TO BE THE FIRST CAPITAL OF THE NEWLY CREATED STATE.
• IT WAS LATER PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL CITY BE CONSTRUCTED FOR THE STATE.
• GANDHINAGAR GOT AN IDENTITY OF ITS OWN WHEN THE STATE OF MUMBAI WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE STATES OF GUJARAT AND MAHARASHTRA.
• IN THE BEGINNING, AHMEDABAD - A COMMERCIAL HUB OF GUJARAT WAS CHOSEN AS THE STATE CAPITAL AND IT WAS PROPOSED THAT A NEW CAPITAL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG THE LINE OF OTHER NEW STATE CAPITALS, PARTICULARLY CHANDIGARH
• THEREFORE TWO WELL-KNOWN INDIAN ARCHITECTS, H.K. MEWADA AND PRAKASH M. APTE (WHO WORKED AS BEGINNER FOR THE CHANDIGARH CITY) DESIGNED THE NEW STATE CAPITAL*
NAMED AFTER MAHATMA GANDHI THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THIS CITY WAS LAID ON 1965 AND IN 1971 THE CAPITAL WAS SHIFTED FROM AHMEDABAD TO GANDHINAGAR
PLANNING
• PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED BETWEEN 1965-1970
• DETERMINATION TO MAKE GANDHINAGAR A PURELY INDIAN ENTERPRISE, PARTLY BECAUSE GUJARAT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF GANDHI.
• TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A SEPARATE IDENTITY FOR THE NEW CITY THE SURROUNDING AREA OF ABOUT 39 VILLAGES WAS BROUGHT UNDER A PERIPHERY CONTROL ACT (AS IN CHANDIGARH)
• THE AREA LATER CONSTITUTED A SEPARATE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT OF GANDHINAGAR.
• THE CITY WAS PLANNED FOR A POPULATION OF 150,000 BUT CAN ACCOMMODATE DOUBLE THAT POPULATION WITH INCREASE IN THE FLOOR SPACE RATIO FROM 1 TO 2 IN THE AREAS RESERVED FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT.
• THE RIVER BEING THE BORDER ON THE EAST, AND THE INDUSTRIAL AREA TO THE NORTH, THE MOST LOGICAL FUTURE PHYSICAL EXPANSION OF THE CITY WAS ENVISAGED TOWARDS THE NORTH-WEST
Problems in metropolitan cities by vakharia_siddhiSiddhi Vakharia
Problems in metropolitan cities graduate report under smart metropolitan planning subject in masters of Town and Country planning. 11 major problems of metropolitan cities in India
Introduction to Site Planning. These slides should be able to provide urban planners a simple guide to factors and issues to consider in planning a a site. These slides were prepared for urban design class for masters students in Makerere University Kampala ( Uganda)
Hill area remain different, distinct and unique in environment, culture, terrain and morphology. Accordingly, such area's need to be viewed and treated differently from its counterparts - plain area's Hill areas need to be planned, developed and managed with sensitivity. Such areas need special skill , knowledge , expertise and understanding of the complexities . Hill areas cannot be burdened with urbanisation, loaded with physical infrastructures and planned for vehicles. Such areas needs to be preserved , conserved with value addition and not treated as a commercial entity. Treating hills as a tradeable commodity, is sure to bring disaster to nations and communities, accordingly these areas need to be empowered with a framework of planned development; limiting the human load on such areas; promoting selective non-polluting and source extensive industries; promoting activities which are not consumers of land; working with nature; eliminating all factors which adversely impact the environment, ecology and bio-diversity. These areas are to be declared as wellness area serving as the vital lungs of the society. Regional planning would remain the best option for developing such areas by leveraging synergies between bot rural and urban areas. Regulating tourism and making it qualitative will remain essential. Hill areas nee d to be made self-contained and self-sufficient in daily essential /basic needs.
Promoting Sustainable Development of Hill Areas- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to understand the Indian context of hills for the ecology, environment and development , issues faced by the hill areas in planning and development . Making suggestions in brief about the possible options to make hill areas development more rational, sustainable and eco-friendly.
Paper tries to look at the positivity and negativities of hill areas and suggest options for its holistic and integrated development to make hill areas more sustainable , productive, livable, qualitative, effective, efficient, promoter of economy, employment and banishers of poverty.
Hill area development - Emerging Issues- Sustainable OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper describes in brief the role and importance of Hill areas in the development of the nation. It also tries to define the emerging problems which are being faced by these areas. Considering the present status of hill areas, paper tries to list few options/ steps which can be leveraged to make the hill areas more sustainable ,livable and promoters of quality of life for all communities living in both hills and plains
Built environment created in the past was invariably based on nature and optimally using resources made available by nature to meet the basic requirement of ventilation, heating and cooling of the buildings in order to create ambient environment for quality living. Using local materials and local skills ,built environment created was based on adopting passive approach and passive methods of making buildings sustainable. Cities in the past were made compact to make them human centric, energy efficient, land efficient and promoting safety and security. Mechanism of mixed landuse was used to make cities more humane and social. Cities were treated, planned and designed as integrated entities. Water was valued and innovative mechanisms were used to conserve, preserve and promote availability of water. Streets dominated the planning of human settlements instead of roads. Despite being planned and developed as compact cities, adequate public spaces were made integral part of planning process. Planning focused on creating self-sustaining communities , mutually supporting each other. Fundamental principal was promoting planning and living based on need and not greed. Nature was the governing principle of planning and nature based solutions were evolved, devolved and made applicable in making human settlements sustainable and livable. Back to basic remains a great option and agenda to understand the principles which can be used to charter the future agenda for growth and development.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
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2. • Theme -- Architecture for well-being.—
• designating 2022-UIA Year of Design for Health
• to promote health in buildings/cities.
3. HILL AREAS- CONTEXT AND IMPORTANCE
NBC defines Hill areas -- height>600m msl /average slope 30 degree,
Hill areas -- India’s 17% land mass & houses11 % population.
Hills- known to be happy/healthy places to live
Hill Areas- also Known for dualities & limitations
Hill Areas known to be;
- Gift of Nature to mankind
-Place for connecting/Searching nature -Space for meditation
- having Wonderful Climate, Environment , Ecology
- for humane Culture and bio-diversity
- Serving as Natural Bio-sphere Reserve
-- Rich in Natural resources, Mineral wealth , flora& fauna
-Abundance of Hydel Energy
-Preferred Tourist Destination
- Storehouse of Rich Cultural Heritage- natural and Manmade
- Capacity to promote Sustainability
--- Serving as water-sheds of major river systems in India –
-Offer enormous option for exploring nature
- Quality fruits/vegetables
- Capacity to influence Climate;
- Houses High degree of Eco-fragility/sensitivity
-Development/ Economy of Hill areas and Plains remain closely linked
4. HILL AREAS –CONTEXT AND DISADVANTAGES
Despite Distinct Advantages ;- Hill Areas suffers from of numerous
problems- manmade/natural
-Vulnerable to natural /manmade disasters
-Limitation of land
- Limited Carrying Capacity-supporting population/land intensive
activities
-Growing Population pressure
- Growing Urbanization -Concentration of Population
- Growing Congestion,
- - Unplanned growth and development of human settlements
- -Uncontrolled /Unregulated tourism
-Limitation of accessibility / mobility
- Limitation of infrastructure & services
-- Susceptibility to disasters- natural/manmade
- large scale deforestation- for sourcing land for Agriculture/
urbanization/housing/industry
- Acute problem of potable water supply
-Problem of Construction-sourcing materials /construction
- Remains lower on development.
5. HILL AREAS –CONTEXT OF GROWTH
Stockholm Conference , 1972 on Human Environment called for;
--creating awareness among nation’s policy planners about :
--deteriorating environmental quality in hill areas
--its adverse impact on growth /development and called for
-- Evolving strategies to make hill areas development
-- More rational and sustainable
Promoting Development of hill areas assume importance for;
-Conserving / preserving/promoting /making value additions to Hills
-Rationalising / optimum utilisation of hills/ resources
-–-Making hilly areas more productive
- Making hill cities happy and healthy places to live
- Making hill areas Free from disaster
-- Minimising flooding,
-- minimising changes in Agro-climatic conditions
-- Stopping large-scale migration
- Ensuring Rapid economic Growth / development of India as a nation
– Making India $ 5 Trillion economy
-Overcoming environmental challenges
- minimising global warming
- making India Carbon neutral
9. HILL AREAS-DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
- Scarcity of buildable land,
- Haphazard/unplanned/unregulated development of human
settlements
- Unsustainable Built environment
-- unscientific exploitation of natural resources,
-- large scale soil erosion/landslide
- Lack of basic infrastructure/services/amenities
-- Linear development along road network
-- Uneven/unplanned development of urban system,
- Uncontrolled Tourism
-- Ecological / environmental problems-
- Submergence of forest areas under river valley projects
--- indiscriminate felling of tree
- Loss of green cover,
-declining wildlife population
-- Encroachment on forest lands
-- Mining operation
shifting cultivation
18. HILL AREAS- ISSUES- LAND
Land posing major challenge/opportunities in hill areas
Greatest challenge/ Limiting factors to rational planning /
development -- Slope, soil characteristics, flora & fauna, vegetation/
rocks --their structure.
-- Land under eco-fragile areas under great stress due to-
-- large scale cutting of trees
-- destruction of large flora and fauna
--large scale cutting/ filling of land
- Poor land record—land holding/ownership/demarcation/land profile
--high degree of land speculation
-- Unscientific land development
-- Poor land management,
- Irrational land sub-division
- Unscientific land conversion,
-- Poor Land preservation,
-- Imbalance between agricultural and non-agricultural uses
19. HILL AREAS- ISSUES-MOBILITY
- Hill Areas face acute problems of Accessibility
-Limited options for mobility
-Major thrust on using road based mobility
- Unscientific Road construction in hill areas -- promoted
vulnerability of hills- leading to disasters
- Unscientific Disposal of Construction waste
-Majority of roads– having ribbon growth / development
-- unplanned, substandard / haphazard –
Problems of Congestion
- traffic & transportation problems /parking
-- Encroachment on road space
--Roads needs;
-- careful planning, designing, construction
- drainage;
protection/ safeguards from encroachment/ development
- Exploring other means of mobility- Railways, ropeways, pipes etc
20.
21.
22. HILL AREAS- ISSUES- INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
--Despite rich natural resources-- industrial development
confined to few pockets
-- leading to Wide spatial and economic imbalances.
- Industries growth haphazard/unplanned
- Polluting industries created havoc with ecology/resources
-High degree of Pollution- air/water/ solid waste
--Existing pattern of industrial growth / development done more
damage than good to resources/ environment/ economy.
-- Pattern of industrial growth needs critically review.
--Vast potential offered by hill area due to;
--excellent pollution free climate
-- abundant horticultural
--rare herbal flora and fauna;
-- deposits of natural resources etc.
- Needs to be explored and utilised
26. HILL AREAS- ISSUES-TOURISM
Tourism -- Leverages economy / employment, transportation, growth and
development, removing poverty, promoting prosperity
Tourism Remain Double edged weapon
Uncontrolled tourism—
-- done irreparable damage to valuable resources /environment
- promoted mushroom /haphazard development
- adversely impact bio-diversity, eco-system, ecology, environment/ culture,
infrastructure, quality of life growth and development
Tourism concentrated in few areas/ few pockets/periods
Tourism related development-- both haphazard /sub-standard.
Carrying capacity -- a non-issue in permitting development
Current practices-- made hill areas highly vulnerable to natural/ manmade
disasters,
- unscientific exploitation of sensitive area
-- Absence of long term strategy
-- Lack of well -defined roadmap for tourism
Need for Regulating uncontrolled tourism
– promote quality Tourism,
- promoting Eco- tourism; exploratory tourism
Heritage Tourism; Opening new areas for tourism
29. HILL AREAS- ISSUES- HERITAGE
Hill States-- Reservoir of manmade / natural heritage;--
- -- temples, palaces, public buildings, public spaces, precincts,
building complexes,
-- bio-sphere reserves, lakes, dense forests, wild life sanctuaries,
flora and fauna.
-- villages, cities/ towns house
---- Majority of heritage lost
-- lack of identification/ unplanned /haphazard development/ fire /
destruction of buildings/ unauthorized and inconsistent uses/
Uncontrolled tourism
Absence of appropriate building controls / development
regulations --choked areas around heritage buildings.
-- Unplanned/ substandard development
-- Heritage conservation- low priority area
-- Need strategies/policies for identifying, conserving,
preserving, promoting heritage
-architectural glory of built environment / natural areas
40. OPTIONS- DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT DESTRUCTION
Critical issues for hill areas relate to:
-Sustainability
- Environment,
-- Ecology,
--Land
-Unplanned, haphazard, uncontrolled urban development,
- Unsustainable Buildings
-- poor resource management,
- poor Heritage, and culture management
Development strategies must focus on:
Sound land use practices,
Development of alternate sources of energy,
Conservation of heritage,
Planned development of Urban/Rural settlements/ tourism
Constructing healthy/ resource efficient buildings
Rational settlement system,
Optimum utilization and development of resources etc
.
41. APPROACH
Hill area- planning remains a different, distinct and specialised task
– requiring specialised, knowledge, skill, expertise, understanding
Hill Areas ;
- Need understanding & Knowledge
-- Treated as-- National Treasures/ Resources/ Opportunities
-- Housing Population- based on carrying capacity
Development based on principles of;
- development without destruction and
- design with nature
- preserving , promote and enhance the fragile eco-system
-- adopting Eco-Sensitive approach
- promoting Sustainability
- preserving Nature/natural resources
-- making Environment more qualitative
- – Promoting planned development of hill areas
Creating /strengthening educational institutes engaged in promoting
art and science of Architecture /planning of hill areas
--Skilling manpower in planning/designing healthy/happy cities/ buildings
- Starting a Specialised Course – master/undergraduate/ -on Hill area Planning/ Designing
Buildings
-- Replacing practice of project based environmental impact assessment (EIA), with Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Creating dedicated institutions for-- integrated hill area North – Eastern Council-
--Planning for optimum/Efficient /intensive land-use
42. APPROACH
Promote non-land based economic activities to remove
poverty / ensure environment Protection.
Evolving a comprehensive human settlement policy– to
discourage migration.
Promote Non-Conventional Energy sources i.e. Solar, Hydro,
-- Adopting a Regional Approach for planning hill areas
--- Rationalising Urbanisation
- Promoting Sustainable cities
-- Designing sustainable Built environment-
Planning for Compact settlement planning
Plan for zero energy, zero waste settlements.
Planning for safety/disaster mitigation,
Promoting connectivity at Regional level- rail, road, air
Promoting accessibility/not mobility at settlement level
Planning for people and not vehicles at local level
Planning for Sustainable Cities/Buildings
Planning for Carbon Neutral development
Involving communities-in project planning/
development/implementation
43. HILL AREAS-- DEVELOPMENT MODELS
Two successful models of hill area development in world;--
- European Model- Swiss Model
-Evolving Sound practices of land use planning,
--Development of hydro-electric power -- major source of alternate energy
--Preventing destruction of forest cover, planned / dispersed tourism.
Japanese model,--Hill areas preserved-made low density -- 2%
population occupying 75% of land
Population Concentrated on plains-- 98% population occupying 25% of land
area.
Hill areas largely used for :--conservation of resources, -forestry- generating
hydro-electric power,- promoting tourism
whereas plain areas used for housing large economic activities including
industry, trade, commerce and housing
Both models have
-- relevance, advantages, limitations, importance and contexts and
--can be adopted with suitable modifications to suite needs of physical/socio-
economic conditions prevailing in Himachal pradesh.
47. HILL AREAS—REGIONAL PLANNING
Adopting Regional best option for-- conservation, preservation
/development of hill areas without damage to ecology / environment.
Regional approach helps in ;
--integrated development of urban /rural areas
--minimising friction in urban / rural settlements.
- Optimising resources
--altitude, slope, vegetation, soil types / rain fall used to classify state
into zones--
extremely sensitive/ high sensitive/ medium sensitive / low sensitive
zones
preservation becoming strategy for high sensitivity area
development concentrated in medium/ low sensitivity zones
Development focused on Ecologically degraded areas
- for restoration , reclamation / development
developments planned based on carrying capacity of areas.
Development focused on valley floors / upland flats -- to relieve
pressure on more sensitive areas.
48. HILL AREAS- OPTIONS-LAND USE PLANNING
Rational land use planning based on:
-- the carrying capacity & land suitability analysis
-- rational use of resources.
Very steep slope --put to intensive afforestation
Moderate slopes -- put to a mix of horticulture plants of economic importance.
Valley / plain/ flat lands –low eco-sensitivity zones used for
-- Cultivating crops -- Human habitation.
-- Promoting Non-polluting hi-tech industries -- requiring dust free environment
/ minimum land /resources -- with zero level of pollution--
-- to generate employment/ promote economic growth / development
Agro based industries -- using horticulture /agricultural produce including bio-
tech parks considered as priority in selected growth centres
Vast scope of hydel power tapped for:
-- generating electricity with
-- water resources used for irrigation,-- recharging of ground water &
-- ensuring growth of vegetation cover in derelict areas.
49.
50. APPROACH- ECOLOGY
Hills are; ecologically fragile areas
While valuing socio economic / developmental needs- care for
--eco-restoration/ eco- development / eco preservation.
-- conserving soil, water and increase productivity of land/ economic
up-liftment
Ecological conservation-- requires a regional approach and
coordinated action by several states
Water -- harvested in small ponds / reservoirs on a watershed basis and
stored for use during winter and spring.
For scientific planning information on resources e.g., minerals, soil
characteristics, vegetation types and characteristics, water etc ,
required/ constantly updated.
Remote-sensing techniques/ air-photo interpretation hold great
possibilities.
A perspective plan spelling out the long-term and short-term
development- for regional, sub-regional, block settlement levels.
Increasing public awareness about environmental issues/ public
participation in environmental protection critical-
Concept of eco-development to be built into all programmes .
Considering need for eco-preservation - cost of eco-restoration –needs
to be built in economic projects
51. - REGIONAL APPROACH– RU- URBAN MISSION
Adopting Rue-urban mission as the Best Option for
promoting integrated rural development in the state--
-- to stimulate local economic development,
--enhance basic services,
-- create well planned Rurban clusters for;
i. Bridging rural-urban divide- economic, technological
/ facilities and services.
ii. Stimulating local economic development with
emphasis on reduction of poverty / unemployment in
rural areas.
iii. Spreading development in region.
iv. Attracting investment in rural areas
55. CITIES AND THEIR CONTEXT
Cities have been part of human history.
- Cities- known to command power and authority
.Cities- known for both -- positivity and negativities
Cities -- known for their dualities and contradictions
Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/
activities, infrastructures, services, healthcare, education
Cities -- known to be Engines of economic growth-70%
Cities - generators of employment , wealth and prosperity,
Cities – also known for their negativities,
– where rich and poor rub shoulders-
Cities – large consumers of resources/energy
Cities- generators of 70% waste
Cities – consuming 60% global energy
-generating 70% of carbon footprints-
Cities largely responsible for global warming-
56. CITIES AND THEIR CONTEXT
Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
Cities- destroy nature and natural habitat
-anti-thesis to bio-diversity
Cities- known to be creator of best/ worst living
conditions- housing both rich and poor
Cities- home to large migrants/ slums
Cities- remain in crisis- natural and manmade
Crisis-- of population, poverty, pollution
Cities – ever evolving, devolving, never static , never finite
Cities – will remain dominant in future
Cities- drivers of nation’s future
However Cities - need rationalization
Cities --need to be made more-- bio-diverse; productive,
effective, efficient, humane, livable, inclusive, safe,
Resilient ,sustainable, Healthy place to live /work
57. SDG 11- MAKE CITIES AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE
,SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE
58. MAKING CITIES GREAT PLACES TO LIVE
Making Cities happy and healthy places to live by—
--Smart Visioning
--Promoting State of art Planned Development
- Weaving nature with development
- Making cities Resilient
--Making cities Inclusive
-- Making Cities Healthy
--Making Cities Safe
--Leveraging Technology
- Making cities Green
- Leveraging landscape
-Leveraging Culture, Heritage, Art / Architecture
-Creating Quality Public Spaces
-Designing happy/ low energy Buildings
-Making cities community/people centric
Planning for people and not for vehicles
Promoting accessibility and not mobility
-Leveraging Technology
-Creating ownership for city
59. DEFINING VISION
Vision- starting point for any city to be sustainable/ inclusive/
happy/safe
Vision/Eco-vision to be defined after:
Looking at existing strengths and weaknesses,--
-- opportunities and threats
-- future potential-
Overcoming existing problems-Making best of the opportunities
Creating vision achievable and realistic
Making efforts focusing on achieving defined Vision
-Vision to be outcome of-
- Making Detailed study
Carrying out in-depth analysis
Adopting participatory approach
Using a consultative process
Involving all stakeholders
Creating a think tank
Involving intelligentia of city
60.
61. HAPPY AND HEALTHY CITY
Choosing Clean/green energy- based on solar/wind/
biomass/geo-thermal/ electrical transport
Minimizing Cars and planting more trees
- to improve air quality
- what is good for trees- good for us
Improving mass transit – Reduce cars/traffic jams
Promoting alternate modes of transport-
- including biking- saves money, time and environment
Investing in Digital Health–
-- reducing time spent at hospitals,
-- reducing hospital visits,
-- reducing crowding of hospitals, improving efficiency, -
improving productivity,
reducing investment in healthcare systems etc
62. HAPPY AND HEALTHY CITY
Reducing urban temperature/heat island-
-- planting more trees
--greening large area
--reducing hard paving
--designing green
Making Cities Spongy- keeping large area open/ promote
water harvesting
--ground water charging/
--reducing flooding
Designing Green Buildings- Making Buildings efficient/cost-
effective--
Making informal sector- integral part of planning and
designing cities
65. Planning Compact Cities;
-----Avoiding Urban Sprawl
-- Stopping melting of cities
Making cities more compact,
-Transforming urban economy from informal to formal
-Making informal sector integral part of planning process
-- Making cities energy efficient
--Panning for Need and not Greed
--Planning for People not vehicles
-Promoting accessibility not mobility
Providing safety
-Ensuring high quality Public Transport
Using data to detect problem
- Involving communities
66. APPROACHING COMPACT CITIES
Make cities compact by;
. – promoting High-density development
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height
----- Rationalizing land uses /Building bye-laws
-----Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
-- optimizing current infrastructure.
.
68. DEFINING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
Sustainable Transport --
-- sometimes known as Green Transport
-- form of transport that does not use / rely on dwindling
natural resources.
-- relies on renewable /regenerated energy
-- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life expectancy
69. LACK OF OPEN SPACES
• Globally, 9 million people die every year due to
air pollution.
• In London, two million people - of which
400,000 are children - are living in areas with
toxic air.
75. HILL AREAS- OPTIONS- ECO-TOURISM
In tropical country like India,-- with hot/dry climate.
tourist traffic at hill stations increased significantly
-- damaging local natural resources, ecology /support systems.
-- Need for limiting number of visitors ;
- promoting economic, environmental /social development
-- maintaining aesthetics, atmosphere, sound infrastructure /ecology by-
- Harmonizing Tourist infrastructure/ development -- with surrounding
environment.
-- Evolving Tourism supportive policy -by involving local community
-- Permitting Tourism development – gelling with environment/socio-cultural
characteristics of local community
.-- Tourism planned as integral part of area development strategy/ integrated
land use plan.
Addressing tourism related issues within Eco-Tourism policy / guidelines
-- Evolving location specific code for tourists -- to maintain surroundings
clean/disease free, protect local ecology/ respect local traditions, culture /
heritage
--taking due care to avoid exploitative use of scarce local resources,
especially,--water and fuel-wood
77. HILL AREAS- OPTIONS-HERITAGE PRESERVATION
Heritage in Hill states – mapped/notified
Heritage conservation made-- public movement- rather than government
led program
-Government to act as facilitator
Heritage Preservation-- to be adequately/professionally addressed at
local/ULB level - with adequate manpower/resources
Heritage conservation-- made integral part of settlement planning process
-- evolving strategies for conservation/ preservation / integration with
existing /proposed development- on pattern HRIDAY
-- Framework evolved to minimize damage to manmade/natural heritage
-- Heritage areas/ heritage zones / heritage cities/towns concept
implemented to protect total environment in heritage rich areas.
-- Incentivizing -- to involve/encourage people -- making them partner in
heritage preservation
-- Discouraging destruction of heritage areas.
--Development controls for heritage areas-- sensitively designed
/implemented
Sensitizing People about heritage-- its preservation & conservation --to
make it people centic / people led movement and not government and
parastatal led movement.
78.
79.
80. STRATEGIES- DISASTER- LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
Safety from disaster -- made integral part of settlement
planning/development process.
Detailed Land suitability analysis for -- planning/urbanising area
carried out
All low lying area -- earmarked as no- construction zone/ green area/
water bodies.
All eco-sensitive area/ forest area--- labeled as protected area/
prohibited for urbanisation.
All water bodies -- zoned for preservation
All existing hydro / water shed area --clearly defined/ preserved
All existing trees --declared protected trees.
Area coming under HT Lines-- made no-construction zone.
Areas prone to intense tectonic/seismic activities–
identified/prohibited for human habitation
Indiscriminate road/ building construction /creation of artificial large
water bodies minimized
Earthquake-proof designs used for construction/ made part of
building code
Large projects endangering ecological balance/ displacing people -
-carefully considered
.
84. •QUALITY LEADERSHIP
• Quality Urban Development would require:
• well defined city ownership-ULBs
•Well defined city Leadership- Mayor
•Building a High performance team
•Adopting professional / Management Approach
•Promoting Training and Development
•Investing in Learning
•Creating Culture of Accountability
•Securing Stakeholders Consensus
•Launching Pilot Programs in cities
•Prioritizing/defining Agenda for City Growth
•Each City to have a starting Point
•Mayors of Curitiba, New York, Washington, Rio-de
Janerio,, Bogota, Toledo ,London----, created
highest degree of urban Leadership/Governance
to make cities Smart
87. BUILDINGS- ROLE AND IMPORTANCE
Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth and
development since inception
Buildings -- would continue to define future journey of
human growth
Buildings-- constitute manmade environment-
Buildings-- remain vital for human growth
Buildings – are living organism
Buildings – cater to all human activities
Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
Buildings - largest consumers of resources
Buildings – largest generators of waste
Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
88. BUILDINGS- ROLE AND IMPORTANCE
Buildings– providers of optimum/worst living
conditions
Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
Buildings --critical because 80% human life spent in
buildings
Buildings vital to overcome human/ ecological
concerns
Making Buildings Sustainable-- essential for value
addition to resources, environment ,ecology
Studies revealed —
A Green School-- makes learning easy and more
meaningful
A Green House--- makes people happy and healthy
A Green Hospital-- cures patients quickly
A Green Shopping Mall-- can increase sale / profits
89.
90. HILL AREAS- OPTIONS- GREEN BUILDINGS
Built environment --consumer of large energy
Need for Reducing energy requirements --innovative building
designs solutions.-- Designing with nature
sourcing sun as major source of light / heat for meeting energy
requirements of buildings
In Hills southern, eastern / western slopes used-- for
constructing to maximize use of solar energy
Constructing buildings on Northern slope prohibited.
Buildings with minimum footprints --to cause minimum
disturbance to site.
Preserving Existing trees, flora /fauna
Available Water sources preserved / conserved
Walls / roof -- used for heat gain / retention in building
Using Local Materials for construction
Improving local construction technologies
Upgrading local construction skill
Incentivizing the Green Concept in buildings- with government
taking the lead
91. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF
RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Considering annual addition of- 700-900msqmts- energy/
environment implications can be critical.
•Buildings need to be designed /constructed / operated with
utmost care for considerations--- energy/ sustainability/resources
95. GREEN BUILDINGS – DEFINITION
A Green Building is one which;
Uses less
Water
Optimizes
Energy
Efficiency
Conserves
natural
resources
Generates
less
waste
Provides
healthier
spaces
96. REDISCOVERY OF THE INDIAN ETHOS
5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)-
Supported by Technology
Prithvi (Earth) Site Selection and Planning
Jal (Water) Water Conservation
Agni (Fire) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight, Night Sky Pollution
Daylighting
Views
Water Body Local materials
110. COST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Reduce energy
demand by
passive measures
Reduce energy
demand by active
measures
Integration of
renewable energy
Least
cost
impact
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
• Climate responsive
architectural design
• Efficient building envelope
• Daylight harvesting
• Integration of natural sources
for cooling & heating in
building design.
Offset energy demand from the
grid by installing on-site
renewable energy
• Energy efficient equipment
• Lights
• Fans
• Air- conditioners
• Efficient building Operation &
Maintenance through BMS (Building
Management System) & Smart
Metering
111. BAHRAIN WORLD TRADE CENTER - BAHRAIN
• Generating 15% energy from windmills
• Two 240 meter twin sky scrapers joined by
three windmill--, each 3 meters wide, attached to
walkways
112. APPLE PARK - CUPERTINO
• Apple Corporate headquarters hold 12,000 employees
• one of the most energy-efficient buildings in world.
• Temperature regulated with high tech ventilation--
tubes laid in ceilings & floors for cooling
121. GREEN MATERIAL--UPVC( UNPLASTISIZED POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE) DOORS AND WINDOWS
The Vinyl windows
--Excellent insulators :
--Reduced heating /cooling
loads
- Prevent thermal loss
through frame / sash material .
-- Not impacted by;
weather/
-air pollution / salt,
-- acid rain
--- industrial pollution
--- pesticides
---smog,
--- discoloration and
- structural damage .
-User friendly
- Eco- Friendly ,
-- Readily accepted
122. BAMBOO- ADVANTAGES
Bamboo-- Higher Compressive
Bamboo -- High Tensile Strength
Earthquake Resistance –
Lightweight -.
Cost-effective
Durable -
Fast Growing
Simple designing-
Reducing use of wood
Eco- friendly
Promoting Employment
Promoting Welfare of society/poor-
Reduced Global warming-
123.
124.
125. Best air purifying plants for
general air cleanliness
Areca Palm Snake Plant
Best Air Purifier
Money Plant
Removes Nitrogen Oxides
& absorbs formaldehydes
Improving Indoor Air Quality through Plants –
Air Purifiers
126.
127.
128.
129. ‘A Green building makes you
Happy, Healthy and More Productive
- Provides highest quality of indoor environment
- Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
- Reduces Carbon Footprints
- makes building operations cost effective and
energy efficient
- – ‘Natural Capitalism’
134. HILL AREAS- OPTIONS- PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
Limited Options -- for promoting rational Hill area development
/protecting,/preserving --ecology, environment and resources
Planned development -- best option for Hill area development --
based on sustainability.
Government - to create a empowered unified machinery for—
-- preparing developmental framework for state for
- –planning of healthy cities
-- designing of buildings /
-- ensure Capacity building of Architecture /Town Planning
Departments/ULBs
--Make state a role model of planned development by--
--Promoting Synergies between Architecture / Town
Planning/Engineering Departments
Make human settlements – safe, productive, efficient sustainable,
livable, providers of assured quality of life.
-- bringing Town planning/ULB/Development Authorities under
unified command
-- Make optimum use of local expertise/ knowledge/experience/
understanding of premier institutes --- to assist/advise/guide/evolve /
implement the Planning/development/management framework of
state