indian Modern History

1. Modern Indian History
1939 Onwards
Towards Freedom
SAHBAN ALI

2. Political Vaccum
Political Vaccum
Gandhi comes out
from Jail
Simon Commission
Gandhi in Jail 1922
1924
1924
1925
Swarajists & No Changers
Revolutionary Activities
Phase -II
1928
Constructive Work
Establishment of HRA
Civil Disobedience
Movement
1930
Kakori Conspiracy
Establishment of HSRA
Lahore Conspiracy
Chittagong Armory Raid
Muslim leagueDelhi
Proposal (1927)

3. Break k baad
milta hoon
April 1934
End of CDM 2.0
1935
Government of India Act
Sep 1939
Resignation of Congress Ministries
Federation & Provincial autonomy
Strategic Debate
New Swarajists
Feb 1937
28 Months of Congress Ministries in provinces

4. Background
Congress position before war
Congress' hostility to Fascism, Nazism, militarism and
imperialism
Why Resignation of Congress Ministries ?
offer to cooperate in the war effort had two basic
conditions
1.After the war, a constituent assembly to be set up
2.Immediately, some form of a genuinely responsible
government
Satyagraha....
We’ll co operate...but
only on our conditions

5. Background
Why Resignation of Congress Ministries ?
1. After the war, a constituent assembly to be set
up
Q. Government Response?
2. Immediately, some form of a genuinely
responsible government
rejected by Linlithgow
We’ll co operate...but
only on our conditions
What you talking
about?
Viceroy Linlithgow

6. Background
CWC Meeting at Wardha (September 10-14, 1939)
Subhash Bose and the socialists argued
advocated an
unconditional support
to the Allied powers
the war was an
imperialist
one since both sides
advantage should be taken of the situation to wrest freedom by
immediately starting a civil disobedience movement

7. Background
Britain War is for freedom....India But we aren’t getting one.
Condemned Fascist aggression
If Britain is fighting for democracy & freedom, it should give these to
its colonies
Cong wanted to give chance
Q. CWC resolution @ Wardha
The govt. Should declare the aim of fighting this war and also tell how
they gonna implement democracy?

8. October 23, 1939
Resignation of Congress Ministries
January 1940
Dominion status after war
grouping of geographically contiguous areas where Muslims are in
majority
No support to government in war
No support to government in war
March 1940
Congress would resort to civil disobedience
Pakistan Resolution
No support to
government
Chalo...ye lo ek
aur carrot

9. Towards Freedom

10. August Offer (August 1940)
• Dominion status
• Expansion of viceroy's executive council
• Setting up of a constituent assembly after the war
• Indians would decide the constitution according to their social,
economic and political conceptions
• no future constitution to be adopted without the consent of
minorities
ये लो August का latest
offer... अब तो मान
जाओ
Towards Freedom

11. August Offer
Q. Congress Response?
Nehru said, "Dominion status concept is dead as a
door nail
Rejected the August Offer
Gandhi declaration had widened the gulf
between the nationalists and the British rulers
Now, Q. what to do next?
सरकार हमको मुर्ख समझती
है क्या..ऊपर से र्ाई बढ़
गई...लोगोों और सरकार क
े
बीच मेेँ
Towards Freedom
Dominion....ehhh...its time
for Complete
Independence
लेककन अब क्या करें ?

12. INDIVIDUAL SATYAGRAHAS/व्यक्तिगत सत्याग्रह
Government had taken the adamant position
Why?
issued ordinance after ordinance
Hence, Gandhi asked to initiate a limited satyagraha on an individual
basis
मैं हेँ ना
लेककन अब क्या करें ?
Towards Freedom

13. INDIVIDUAL SATYAGRAHAS/व्यक्तिगत सत्याग्रह
Demand of the satyagrahi would be the freedom of speech against the
War through an anti-war declaration
If not arrested, he or she would not only repeat it but move into villages
and start a march towards Delhi  चलो किल्ली
This will be our
programme for
व्यक्तिगत सत्याग्रह
Towards Freedom
चलो किल्ली..
एकला चलो रे

14. Q. Who was the 1st Individual
Satyagrahi?
1. Vinoba Bhave
2. Nehru
4. May 1941, 25,000 people
had been convicted for
individual civil disobedience
Towards Freedom
INDIVIDUAL SATYAGRAHAS/व्यक्तिगत सत्याग्रह
Free Speech.....
3. Brahma Datt
Sent to Jail for
violating Defence
of India Act

15. March 1940
Congress would resort to civil disobedience
August 1940
Dominion status after war
End of Individual Satyagraha
AUGUST OFFER
Pakistan Resolution
September 1940
Individual Satyagraha
May 1941
Main Hoon Naa...
Chalo...ye lo ek
aur carrot
Rejected by Congress

16. September 1940
Individual Satyagraha
May 1941
substance of power was transferred immediately
End of Individual Satyagraha
December 1941
CWC passed a resolution
full independence was given after the war
Main Hoon Naa...
March 1942
Cripps Mission
Yayay....India
trip....awesome...!
पधारो म्हारे िेश

17. March 1942 Cripps Mission
headed by Stafford Cripps
1. proposals to seek Indian support for the war
Q. Why Cripps Mission was Sent?
Because of the reverses suffered by Britain in South-East Asia
2.pressure on Britain from the Allies
Indian nationalists had agreed to support the Allied cause
Towards Freedom I am gonna solve
the issue now

18. Cripps Mission
Talks went on between the Cripss mission and the National leadership
Towards Freedom

19. Cripps Mission
Q. Main proposals?
1.Indian Union with a dominion status
2.After the end of the war, a constituent assembly
would be convened
3.British Government would accept the new
constitution Conditions
4.Any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate
constitution and form a separate Union
5.Defence of India would remain in British hands
Governor-general's powers would remain intact
Q. Why Cripps Mission Failed?
ये लो एक और
गाजर... रट्टा मार
लेना

20. Cripps Mission
Congress objected
1. dominion status
2. Representation of the states by
nominees and not by elected
representatives
Right to provinces to secede
Q. What was the response to the proposal?
Muslim League idea of a single
Indian Union
अरे यार इनको समझाओ...हमको
डोकमकनयन स्टेटस नहीों चाइये...अब
तो कसर्
ख पूर्ख स्वराज....हम क्या
चाहते आज़ािी
Dominion status is like Post
Dated Cheque.....
आप कजत गए हैं रु ५०००००० ये
लो उत्तर किनाोंककत चेक चेक
०१/०१/२०५० में क
ॅ श करा
लीकजए गा
No immediate power transfer and
Governor General is still supreme

21. Cripps Mission
Congress objected
dominion status
Q. What next?
Muslim League No
single Indian Union
हमको डोकमकनयन
स्टेटस नहीों चाइये...अब
तो कसर्
ख पूर्ख स्वराज
No Single Union
of India
No right
to secede
Hindu
Mahasabha No
right to secede
This much
protest....Bye...m
leaving for England
Stafford Cripps

22. Cripps Mission
turned out to be merely a propaganda device
Congress objected
Hindu Mahasabha
Q. Failure of Cripps mission
Muslim League
Incapacity of Cripps to go beyond the Draft Declaration
Churchill (the British prime minister), Amery (the secretary of state),
Linlithgow (the viceroy) and Ward (the commander-in-chief)
consistently torpedoed Cripps' efforts
Objected against the
proposal

23. UPSC Prelims-2003
An important aspect of the Cripps Mission of 1942 was
A. that all Indian Stales should Join the Indian Union as a condition to
consider any degree of autonomy for India
B. the creation of an Indian Union with Dominion status very soon after
the end of Second World War
C. the active participation and cooperation of the Indian people,
communities and political parties in the British war efforts as a
condition for granting independence with full sovereign status to
India alter the war
D. the framing of a constitution for the entire Indian Union, with no
separate constitution for any province, and a Union Constitution to
be accepted by all provinces
Answer: B

24. March 1942
Cripps Mission
June 1942
substance of power was transferred immediately
Failure of Cripps mission
July 1942
CWC Meeting @Wardha
Now its time to start struggle
8 August 1942
AICC Meeting @ Bombay
Yayay....India
trip....awesome...!
आोंिोलन शुरू
ककया जायें
Quit India Movement

25. Quit India movement
Why Quit India movement?
1.failure of the Cripps Mission
3.News of reverses' suffered by the British in South-
East Asia
2.popular discontent because of rising prices
leadership wanted to condition the masses for a possible
Japanese invasion
August 8, 1942 AICC Meeting—Gowalia Tank, Bombay Resolution
हमसे ना हो पाएगा

26. Quit India movement
demand an immediate end to British rule in India
August 8, 1942
AICC Meeting—Gowalia Tank, Bombay
Resolution
declare commitment of free India
Sanction a civil disobedience
movement against british rule
form a provisional Government of India
after British withdrawal
Slogan
Do or Die
Do or Die... करो या मरो

27. Quit India movement
Q. Government Response?
August 9, 1942
all the top leaders, of the Congress
were arrested
Q. So did the movement stopped?
पहले पीटना कर्र
arrest them
Viceroy Lithinglow

28. Quit India movement
1.Public on Rampage
attacked symbols of authority
going on strikes in schools and
colleges
bridges were blown up, railway tracks were removed and telegraph
lines were cut
Q. So did the movement stopped? NO.

29. Quit India movement
2. Underground Activity
Rammanohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan,
Aruna Asaf Ali, Usha Sharma,
Biju Patnaik, Chhotubhai Puranik,
Achyut Patwardhan, Sucheta Kripalani
and R.P. Goenka
Underground Radio Usha Mehta
Q. So did the movement stopped? NO.

30. Quit India movement
3. Parallel Governments
Ballia Chitu Pandey
Satara (MH) Prati
Sarkar Nana Patil,
YB Chavan
Tamluk
West Bengal

31. Quit India movement
4. Mass Participation
Youth,
Women
Workers
Peasants
Government officials
No communal clashes took place
Q. So did the movement stopped? NO.
Large
Participation

32. Quit India movement
Lathi Charge,
Tear Gas,
10000 killed
Press was gagged
Q. Government Repression
Severe Government Repression
पहले पीटना कर्र
arrest them
Viceroy Lithinglow
Severe
Repression

33. 8 August 1942
AICC Meeting @ Bombay
Under ground activity, Parallel government
9 August 1942
Govt. Arrests all leadership
Public Rampage
February 1943
Gandhi @ Fast against violence by the govt.
आोंिोलन शुरू
ककया जायें
3 member’s from viceroy’s executive council resigns
Quit India Movement
पहले पीटना कर्र
arrest them

34. Quit India movement
1.Loyalty to Government suffered considerable erosion
2. movement established the truth
Assessment
It was no longer possible to rule India without the wishes of Indians
3.element of spontaneity was higher than before
4.No First level leadership present Leadership vacuum,
Still the movement continued