Herodotus Research Paper

Herodotus Research Paper
History is a term that has evolved in its application and definition throughout the ages. It is also full a wide expanse of people who had a prominent
influence during their time, and strived to change the way they might be perceived in generations to follow. Herodotus was a revolutionary writer from
the fifth century BCE who made a major impact on his world and is continuing to do so in the present. Even though he might not be exceedingly
popular, Herodotus made important advancements in the way history is defined today. He is known as an "oral historian" because of his methodology.
His travels led him across the Persian Empire, where he spoke to numerous people and documented their accounts in his works, known today as The
Histories. Herodotus' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He strongly believed that the Greeks could learn from the large variety of cultures from around the Mediterranean Sea. For this reason, Herodotus
went on to write about the various kinds of societies that he visited: "...Herodotus was an endlessly curious man and gathered information about the
world around him from as many people and places as he could investigate" (Cartledge). First of all, in his travels to Egypt, Herodotus took note of
some important points about the society and lifestyle of the ancient Egyptians. Some of the earliest descriptions of the traditions of the Egyptians by
a Western writer come from Herodotus, as he provides beneficial information regarding the society and people of fifth century Egypt. In his writings,
Herodotus incorporated intriguing points of interest, for example, the elaborate Egyptian burial practises (Jones). His numerous descriptions of
mummification have provided historians today a unique insight into the structure of this ancient practise. Incidentally, Herodotus did more than
observe and record various aspects of cultures during his travels; he was also very informative about the geography of the exotic lands he visited.
While primarily a work of history, The Histories contains a wealth of geographic descriptions covering much of the known world. Herodotus wrote
about many places including: Egypt, Scythia, Persia, and Asia Minor. He mentioned many of the physical characteristics of Egypt from his time
there: "from the coast inland as far as Heliopolis the breadth of Egypt is considerable, the country is flat, without springs, and full of swamps,"
(Herodotus, The Histories 2.7). His descriptions of Africa are controversial in their details, but they do describe the continent being surrounded by a
water mass. This was an
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Upanishads Vs Herodotus
The Katha Upanishads from ancient India and the Greek historian Herodotus, both define the belief of the good life. Although there are similarities
between the two perspectives, there are also various differences between the Upanishads and Herodotus. Firstly, they differ in terms of origin. The
Upanishads are a representation of ancient India and Herodotus originates from Greece. It is noted, that the Greeks originally settled in Greece due to
its abundance of gold and silver. Whereas, Indians settled in India due to the topography or the terrain of the land. India's soil was fertile and good for
growing many crops. There is already an immediate difference between the two, just based on why each group decided to settle where they did.
Furthermore, this outlines perfectly... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Upanishads emphasize that life is full of temptations. More importantly, that these temptations can be controlled by discovering why they are
there to begin with. While the Upanishads use spirituality to define the good life, Herodotus believes instead that Earthly wealth defines the good life.
Meaning materials wealth, having a faithful wife, being healthy, etc. Additionally, Herodotus mentions this belief through a series of narratives rather
metaphors, that stress the point that a person's "blessings" should also be a reflection of an individual's heart. However, both Herodotus and the
Upanishads include in their message the afterlife. They differ in a sense that, the Upanishads link eternity to the Atman, while Herodotus links the
fate of an individual to the afterlife. Meaning, Herodotus expresses that the true revelation of the good life will not be unveiled until an individual as
passed away. To conclude, the two perspectives of the good life are different between the Upanishads and Herodotus. Yet they are similar in the sense,
of mentioning that the afterlife is the only way to know if you lived a good

Herodotus Analysis
In the beginning of the book "The Essential Herodotus" the author Herodotus describes the process through which he crafted his history. Herodotus
mentions that he never intended to write a history of Greece, but rather a historie, consisting of research and investigations that he had conducted
throughout his travels. Herodotus is known as the "father of history"; he was the first person to begin to create a formal, documented account of the
history of Greece. Throughout his travels, Herodotus acquired new knowledge of geography as well as the belief systems of foreign civilizations.
Herodotus' writing style is unique compared to the other ways historians craft histories. For example, Herodotus often starts his chapters off with
mythology.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example of this would be how Herodotus talked about Cyrus' son Cambyses, who would later conquer Egypt and merge it with the Persian
Empire; however interspersed with this are detailed descriptions of the geography of Egypt. It is likely that Herodotus even mentioned the Egyptian
landscape was to show how impressive Cambyses' army was. Egypt is a mostly desertious region, with the Nile being the only major source of water.
According to Herodotus, the reason Cambyses and his men were successful in their assault because there had been water jugs placed throughout the
desert to prevent people from dying of dehydration. Overall, I feel that Herodotus crafted his history the way he did because there wasn't a set
guideline on how to write history to begin with. Traveling to other countries was the only way to completely validate the facts, and certain countries
proved to have different information than what Herodotus had grown up learning. Herodotus makes it a point to include mythological references to his
history to extend his credibility and give this writing a reliable. Herodotus' inclusion of geographical information served to further support the various
accounts he is

Herodotus And Vespucci Essay
But while Herodotus and Vespucci use similar strategies in evoking the marvels of the far reaches of the world, what of the darker shadows on the
edge? Both authors do claim that monstrous things can hide on the fringes of maps, and as Grafton points out, Vespucci's descriptions of his
"monsters" often echo older texts like the Histories. For example, both Europeans of Vespucci's day and Herodotus's Greeks loathed cannibalism, so
cannibals serve as appropriate menaces for the reader seeking knowledge about the world's farther regions. In his Histories, Herodotus writes that a
people called the Padaei have a custom that "when a man falls sick, his closest companions kill him because, as they put it, their meat would be
spoiled if he were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, these monsters exist hazily in the Histories, but still exist. In contrast, Vespucci's monsters remain only people. In his letters, the cannibals
seem the most monstrous in actions, but they do not appear physically abnormal to Vespucci's eyes as a dog–headed man would be to Herodotus or the
Libyans. Vespucci characterizes the peoples of the New World, cannibals included, as having "big, solid and well proportioned bodies", a far cry
from having eyes in the chest (48). While other tribes not mentioned as practicing cannibalism attack Vespucci, he describes the tribe of cannibals as
being "of a quite courteous disposition and fine stature", noting that they do not devour their own people or women in stark contrast to Herodotus's
own cannibals (Vespucci 9). As a result, in Vespucci's work, select actions create monsters, not immutable physical qualities. While a nuanced
difference, it proves vital one when considering where the authors sit in history. Herodotus's Greece did not seek widespread colonization of the lands
where dog–headed peoples reside, and so Herodotus may leave his monsters to the mists of rumor. Vespucci, however, resides at the forefront of a
wave of conquest that eventually reshapes both the New and Old Worlds irrevocably. He goes to the Americas with a divergent agenda than the one
Herodotus

When we think of the word "history" we automatically think of the past. History comes from the Greek word "historia" meaning "inquiring,
knowledge thru investigation." This is exactly what Herodotus did, he wrote what he investigated. This is why Herodotus is known as "The Father of
History", he was the first author to investigate and write his findings. He was thirsty for knowledge like many of us. He wanted more and he got it.
Although he was named "The Father of History" he was also named "The Father of Lies", I will investigate and find why he was named the two.
Herodotus of Halicarnassus, is best known as "The Father of History". Herodotus was born in 485 B.C, in the town of Halicarnassus located in the
Caria, Asia Minor. Herodotus's family was then exiled to Samos in 6th BC because they opposed Lygdamis. Herodotus was the son of Lyxes and
Dryo but he was not the only one in his family to make it into the history books, Herodotus was nephew to poet Panyassis. According to the Britannica
Encyclopedia, 2014) Panyassis was condemned to death by Lygdamis. Herodotus only returned to his homeland of Halicarnassus once to take part in a
rebellion only to leave and never return. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to History.com "Herodotus spent his life traveling from one Persian territory to another. He crossed the Mediterranean to Egypt and
traveled through Palestine to Syria and Babylon. He headed to Macedonia and visited all the islands of the Greek Archipelago: Rhodes, Cyprus,
Delos, Paros, Thasos, Samothrace, Crete, Samos, Cythera and Aegina. He sailed through the Hellespont to the Black Sea and kept going until he hit
the Danube River." (HISTORY.com, 2014) While Herodotus traveled he started to write what is now known as the book "Histories'. Herodotus wrote
mostly about wars, he particularly wrote about the Greco Persian Wars that lasted between 499 B.C thru 479

What Is Herodotus?
Herodotus is credited for the initial writing of an Indian plant that produces a fruit that produces wool, which has a better quality than the wool found
on sheep (Hammond 1897). Consequently, many others confirm the widespread culture of the plant, growing in many parts of the world among the
people of India, China Egypt and Persia. Cotton is seen everyday in many different forms from the clothes we wear to the cotton swabs we use in our
daily hygiene methods. Cotton comes the Gossypium genus which have 32 wild and cultivated species, however, all the cultivated cottons used falls
under four main species: G. herbaceum L, G. arboretum L, G. barbadense L and G. hirsutum L (Nicholson 1960). Cotton is characteristically a soft
white fiber that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was an increase in slave workers in conjunction with the increase of cotton production, which successfully transitioned the south into an
economy built solely on cotton production, creating a feudal system (Hammond 1897); upon the outbreak of the Civil War, the South planned on
using cotton as a bargaining chip in an effort to gain help from Great Britain (Dattel 2009). The south burned approximately two million barrels of
cotton in an attempt to create a shortage, however there was an abundance of cotton at the time and therefore Britain was not appealing to the needs of
the South. After 1862, cotton had become low and the price of cotton escalated from $0.10 to $1.89 per barrel. Cotton prices helped the south to be
financially secured, helping them to acquire ships and weapons to battle with (Dattel

Herodotus and Sima Qian: Great Historians Essay
History writing has evolved much over time with the contributions of many people. In the modern sense, it can be traced back to ancient Greece and
China, where historians Herodotus and Sima Qian began keeping records of human existence. Although they were not literally the first people to write
history, together they are named the first great historians of the Western world and the East because of their individual innovations and extensive work
that has long affected history writing up until this day. There is much to debate when it comes to the greatness of these ancient historians, and although
some believe they were both important and successful in what their works, The Histories and The Records of a Historian, accomplished, others ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advancements he made while the act of recording the past was just beginning to flourish were substantial enough to be considered still effective
today. In his work called The Histories, Herodotus explores a copious amount of topics while keeping not a word impartial and remaining thoroughly
unbiased. His main conflict was centered on the civilizations of the East and the West, a topic that has been illustrated over and over again by many of
his successors. Although in his time technology was scarce, he took matters into his own hands and began to ask questions of the people at the places
he would write about and unveil their histories, customs, artwork, and buildings.
Herodotus marked a new way of recording and interpreting history: conducting research. He recorded what he saw, heard, and experienced as he
traveled around places like the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and as far up as Babylon. He went on expeditions and encountered much of his
information through in person exchange, an accomplishment surely to be considered great. Martin believes Herodotus explored an extensive amount
of history and peoples and showcased a spectrum of topics like "war, politics, religion, commerce, geography, climate, ethnography, and individual
human motivations" (Martin 7). In his writings called The Histories, Herodotus begins with The Story of Croesus and

Comparing Herodotus And De Vaca's Writing Styles
A Comparison of Styles
Herodotus versus de Vaca Throughout the course of the world, there have been many great civilizations that have risen and fallen from power. Many of
these civilizations are remembered not only through the texts or works that they themselves produced, but through the writings of later historians.
Herodotus was an example of a later historian, because he wrote about a civilization of old, de Vaca was a historian of the moment because he
covered a civilization as he experienced it. The contrast in the two styles is plainly evident for the most part in the two literary pieces. Herodotus
has a very distinct style compared to de Vaca and as de Vaca's works came later it can be assumed that he was partially influenced by Herodotus. The
three main areas that Herodotus and de Vaca's works differ are the time period in which they wrote their pieces, how they regarded their subject
matter, and who they were writing about. As before mentioned, one of the biggest differences between Herodotus and de Vaca is the time period in
which they wrote their pieces. Herodotus was a later historian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Herodotus was writing his passage mainly on the Egyptian people, but he did have references to his native people the Greeks. De Vaca mainly covered
the Avavares, a tribe in modern day Texas who existed from 1527
–1534 according to most historians. The Avavares were short lived as they were often
conquered by more powerful tribes in their area, where the Egyptians were the ones who were often doing the conquering in the Middle East. The
two subjects themselves could not be more different as the Egyptians owned slaves and the Avavares ended up as slaves. Because of this discrepancy,
there can be no mistaking who is who in the two passages. Herodotus and de Vaca come from similar backgrounds, but the backgrounds of their two
chosen subjects could not be any more

Herodotus And Thucydides Use Of Greek Gods And Goddesses
1.Although Herodotus and Thucydides did not use poetry in their writing, they still found other ways to engage their audiences. Breisach stated that
Herodotus engaged his audience by, "relying on human curiosity and on the internal tensions of stories." (17) On the other hand, Breisach declares that
Thucydides engaged his audience by, "searching for the essence of history" and "finding history's stylistic counterpart in a sparse." (17)
2. People might deem Thucydides' history to be elitist history due to him unknowingly limiting it to only the elite part of the public. According to
Breisach,"Thucydides' "new" history, precious to those who searched for sophisticated and complex answers, became slowly separated from the
consciousness of the broad masses." (18) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The role of Greek gods and goddesses decreases importance from Homer through to Thucydides. Breisach proclaimed that Homer believed gods and
goddesses "participated lustily in the affairs of mortals", (14) which means he believed they were very important and apparent in human life. Herodotus
believed gods and goddesses influenced human life also, although not as strongly as Homer did. Breisach stated, "Herodotus spoke of the still
important intervention of gods and goddesses on fewer occasions and in subtler ways." (14) Opposite of Homer and Herodotus' beliefs, Thucydides
did not believe gods and goddesses directly influenced human life. Breisach declared that Thucydides believed "the gods never directly influenced the
course of human events."

Heroadotus : Primary Source Analysis : Herodotus Of...
Herodotus: Primary Source Analysis
Danielle Mills
HIST 531– D001
December 31, 2017
Professor Carpenter
American Military University
"Herodotus of Halicarnassus here gives the results of his researches, so that the events of human history may not fade with time and the notable
achievements both of Greeks and of foreigners may not lack their due fame; and, among other things, to show why these peoples came to make war on
one another." Herodotus is considered one of the founders of historiography. It had long been argued that Herodotus was important for his military
histories of Ancient Greece, but although his works focused on military and war he put specific emphasis on detailed factors that related more to the
cultural aspects of Greek history.
After 800 BC, with the rise of the Polis there was a shift in historical writing. "A city–state is often described as a 'face–to–face society,' a society, that
is, in which everybody has personal contact with everybody else (at least the adult male citizens)." This represents a fundamental change from what
had mainly been seen as an agricultural society in the past to an urban society where the majority of citizens lived within city walls. With that there
came a change in the focus of historical writing from not just the heroes, but to also the everyday people and the survival of these city–states. Greek
reflection would focus on the fate of the city–states rather than that of the scope of the old history. After

Herodotus Biography
Herodotus an Ancient Greek writer and geographer wrote The Histories, around 425 B.C., which told of the Greco–Persian Wars. He is considered the
first historian and is known as the "father of history". In 431 B.C. Thucydides, an Athenian historian, wrote History of the Peloponnesian War. His work
accounted the war between Sparta and Athens. Philosophy of History was first offered during the Medieval period by theologian, St. Augustine. Georg
Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, developed the dialectic in the 1800s. In the 19th century, Leopold von Ranke introduces the empirical approach to history
through the development of seminar method and archival research methods.
Sociology
The ideas of Plato, Aristotle and Confucius establish Sociology.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here he established Psychology as a discipline. The first U.S. psychology lab didn't come until 1883, when G. Stanley Hall opened a lab at John
Hopkins University. In addition to this, in 1892 he develops the American Psychological Association (APA) and later founds the American Journal of
Psychology (1887) and Journal of Applied Psychology (1917). William James develops the theory of Functionalism in the 19th century which focuses
on acts and functions of the mind (consciousness). Sigmund Freud introduces Psychoanalysis in 1896. He concludes that powerful unconscious drives
and conflicts motivate people. People are motivated by powerful, unconscious drives and conflicts. Also in 1896, Structuralism (focused on the
contents of the mind) develops and is introduced to the U.S. in a 1901 publication by Edward Titchener, Manual of Experimental Psychology. In the
year 1900, Sigmund Freud's theory "The Interpretation of Dreams" is published. Mary Calkins is the first elected woman president of the APA in
1904. She was however, denied her Ph.D. after studying at Harvard University due to her gender. Clifford Beers details his personal experiences as a
patient in a mental asylum during the 19th century in his publication A Mind That Found Itself. Through this publication he called for humane
treatment and better education about mental illness. In 1913, the theory of Behaviorism develops which focuses on observable and measurable
behavior. Psychiatrist, Hans Berger invents the electroencephalogram in 1929 and tests it on his son. Kurt Koffka develops Principles of Gestalt
Psychology in 1935. B.F. Skinner introduces his theory of Operant Conditioning in 1938. The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Children (1945) by Anna
Freud introduces concepts in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis of children. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) established in
1949. The

Herodotus Sparknotes
Herodotus, consider as the father of history, was born in the ancient Halicarnassus, current Turkey, and lived between 485 and 425 BC, about 150
years previous to the creation of the Library of Alexandria. Moreover, due to Persian rule over greece, Herodotus fled to Samos resulting from his
conflicts with the local government and will not return until 450 BC, when he participated part in the campaign to defeat Lygdamis, to once again
leave the city after the completion of the campaign. Furthermore, Herodotus traveled to Athens at the time of its peak, allowed him to contemplate the
great political and cultural boom of the city. During his stay in Athens, Herodotus met Pericles, and became friends with both Sophocles and
Anaxagoras, focusing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such direct contact with other cultures, as well their intellectual, and social evolution, obligated Herodotus to separate himself from the beliefs and
visions of the natives.. He described the heritage and ancient past of the egyptian culture. Continuously, Herodotus specifically focused on the Ionian
belief which expressed, that the Nile delta represented all of egypt. Herodotus challenge this belief and stated that Egypt already existed before the
appearance of the river's delta. expressing that Egypt, was the country watered by the Nile and its floods, and that the people who live downstream were
egyptian, as the drank and benefited from its waters. Furthermore, the historian acknowledges antiquity of egyptian men and consider them to the
oldest in the world , and question the statement by expressing a tale of two babies who are fed by a goat. Finally, the author contradict himself when
after questioning the antiquity of egyptian men, by later supporting it when establishing a relationship between the Green and Egyptian

A Discussion Of Herodotus And Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca
It's a New World
(A discussion of Herodotus, Cabeza de Vaca and their explorations)
When you stumble upon something new, what's your first instinct? Sharing the information with others, soaking in the sight you're seeing, or even
trying to document everything that is in front of you. The discovery of new land, people, and their way of life is one for the record books. An event
like this will go down in history, and so will the person that did the discovering. This was the case for Herodotus and Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca.
Herodotus was born in Halicarnassus, what today is known as turkey. He is considered by most to have been the first Greek historian, therefore the
first European historian. He was a great traveler, visiting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His travels lead him more around different parts of America and not different countries. An article, titled ГЃlvar NГєГ±ez Cabeza de Vaca: The Great
Pedestrian of North and South America, briefly describes some of the whereabouts of Cabeza de Vaca as he traveled around America. "All five rafts
eventually wrecked along the coast of Texas... Soon Cabeza de Vaca was traveling into the southeastern Texas mainland... Cabeza de Vaca and the other
castaways decided to escape their Indian captors and marched south and west hoping to find their Spanish compatriots in central Mexico," (ГЃlvar
NГєГ±ez Cabeza de Vaca: The Great Pedestrian of North and South America). From this portion of the article, it is understood that Cabeza de Vaca
did traveling, just as Herodotus did. Both men were also known for their firsts. Cabeza de Vaca was one of the first to visit America and stay with
the tribes that inhabited land. Also one of the first from his country to document what he had seen while there. Herodotus was also known for his
firsts. Scott W. Nixon, in his article, elaborates on this. "Herodotus, is thought of as the first Greek and thereby the first Western historian...Those who
did archaeological exploration in Egypt and Mesopotamia found Herodotus ' writings on these subjects useful," (Nixon). His first were very important
not only for that time but for people in the future as well. Nixon continues by saying, "His writings also became valuable to biblical scholars in their

Who Is Herodotus's Odyssey?
Precis Herodotus wrote Histories, from this selection Samuel Shirley translated and formed the book Herodotus on the War for Greek Freedom.
Herodotus was a Greek historian that accounts for significant wars that happened in Greece through the years 560–546 B.C.E. This selection is lively
and enjoyable. This book argues through colorful stories the rise of the Greek empire which I believe is best stated by Herodotus own words: "Those
cities that were formerly great are now diminished, while those that are no great were once small". Herodotus writings do not simply write one great
war but instead the rise of an empire. Herodotus's purpose is to shine light on the wars that Greece trailed through in order to give insight on the past
trials. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this section is misguiding because we quickly find ourselves thrown back into time to discover the reasons as to why Croesus was in
the thrown. Throughout this chapter Herodotus uses myths, folktales and speeches to tell the story. Which much of the story seems unbelievable
to the reader. This is important to create an understanding for the time and to understand the reading clearer. The growth of Persia is split in to
three sections. First discussion of Cyrus and his conquers of the Assyrians and Medes. The father of Cyrus was warned about Cyrus in a dream
and sent the baby away to be killed. Cyrus was not killed but spared and comes back to live with his parents. Cyrus goes to war but is defeated by
Astyages. Later Cyrus, after keeping Tomyris' son, goes to battle with the Persians and the Massagates; he is killed and his corpse is abused by the
sons' father Tomyris.
Cambyses Conquers North Africa. Herodotus discusses the proof that Egypt was once underwater. Proof one: Nile and Red Sea size and nature.
Proof two: the rich soil. Proof three: Egyptians used the flooding for their agriculture. Another theme found through this section is how Egyptian
religion is founded based on Greek religion. Herodotus final argument is by correcting Homer in the location of Paris and Helen. Herodotus believed
that Paris and Helen were in fact in Egypt because if they were in troy they would not have allowed the

Geography And Climate : Ancient Egypt
Location, Geography and Climate
Ancient Egypt is known to have been the world's longest lasting civilization due to their unique climatic and geographic conditions, a stable
hierarchical society of government, and a religion that revolves around death and afterlife. Egypt's glory went on for over four millennia from around
5500 B.C.E. to its conquest by the Greek in 332 B.C.E.
Egypt is located in the northern edge of the Sahara desert, with the river Nile dissecting the land from the south to the north. Herodotus, a Greek
Historian, in the fifth century wrote about his travels in Egypt where he portrayed the importance of the beautiful Nile as:
" Egypt is the gift of the Nile. (1)"
From the beginning the greatness of Egypt came from the Nile (figure 1). The Nile was an artery of Egypt that connected the Upper and Lower
side of Egypt and also offered them protection from any outside invasion. The Nile was a paradise for people as its fresh water overflowed its bank
yearly creating a fertile valley. As Egypt is a hot and dry place with very few trees and vegetation, over time, people started to settle along the
borders of the Nile, where they started to develop strong agricultural communities. Due to the lack of intensity and predictability of the Niles seasons,
it allowed the Egyptians to become successful, as it was cooler and easier to harvest crops. The Egyptians then began to build canals, terraced fields
and ditches to control water and increasing their crop

The Landmark Herodotus Analysis
The Landmark Herodotus is one of the most unique history books that I have read. While reading The Landmark Herodotus, I was not sure if I was
reading a history book or an epic. It was written to record the events of the Persians and Hellenes, but it incorporated myths, oral traditions, and the
authors opinions which made me feel like I had experienced each historic event first hand. Herodotus's writing style is unique, but in the appendix C
he is criticized for sometimes being inaccurate and distorting historic facts, because he relied on people who can have faulty memories or sources of
knowledge. Herodotus sometimes was not certain on some facts, but he did his best to rely on logic to make the best argument on what happened. For
example, Herodotus argues that the Colchians are Egyptians. He argues this by first noting his opinion of their resemblance and then used his logic to
show how they came from the army of Sesostris. He also points out that their whole culture and the way they did things were very similar to the
Egyptians. Unfortunately, in the appendix Herodotus is called out for being wrong about his opinion of the Colchian's origin. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the accounts that stood out to me was when Herodotus recorded the events that happened in king Xerxes's life. Herodotus seems to be able
to give specific details about Xerxes trying to decide whether or not he wanted to go to war and how he was receiving divine dreams, persuading
him to go. When Herodotus adds details like these I am forced to wonder how much of his writings I can trust, but then he will write things that I
know can be proven. In the same account of Xerxes he was very specific on how the bridges across Hellespont were

Research Paper On Herodotus
In this section, Herodotus begins by telling the story of how the slaves of Scythia had formed a new generation with the Scythian women left behind
while the Scythians dominated Asia. Herodotus writes that upon return, the men went to war with the slaves, but stopped, saying "when they saw us
armed, they naturally felt that they were as good as we are, and were meeting us on equal terms; but when they see us coming with whips instead, the
will remember they are slaves. Once they admit that, they will never try to stand up to us" (241). This passage reinforces the notion thatsome people
need or like to be enslaved. Herodotus then describes the land and the people that are to the north and east, beyond the Tanais bordering Scythia.
Herodotus... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He writes that three ships full of Amazons, kidnapped by the Greeks near the river Thermodon, killed their captors and wound up in the territory of the
free Scythians. The Amazons were very peculiar, these women stole some of the Scythians' horses and went off in search of loot. The Scythians
decided not to fight the Amazons, but to try to reproduce with them instead. The Amazons and some Scythians united and married, but the Amazons
would not go to live with the rest of the Scythians, saying, "We and the women of your nation could never live together...We are riders; our business is
with the bow and the spear" (278). So the Amazons and the Scythians with them travelled north and east and settled, forming the

The Roles And Contributions Of Herodotus And Sima Qian
Although Herodotus and Sima Qian lived hundreds of years apart on opposite sides of the planet, their respective impacts on their societies and
humanity as a whole are tremendous. Herodotus was born in 480 BCE in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor (now Turkey). His family was wealthy, and
immediately resisted the Persian rule after their conquest of the city, leading to his exile on the island of Samos – his first encounter with the trauma of
war. He then wrote The Histories, a work of massive scope that focused on reliability and thoroughness unlike anything before it. Sima Qian was born
in 145 BCE in Han–ruled China. His father held the title "Grand Astrologer," a position concerned with preparing the yearly calendar. However, his
father had begun writing a grand work of history: at his death, Qian promised to finish the work in his honor. The Records of the Historian, like The
Histories, was revolutionary in that it covered far more spatial and temporal ground than any prior Chinese work. Because their purviews were so vast
and recordings so comprehensive, Herodotus' and Sima Qian's respective influences were felt throughout their societies, thus facilitating their arbitration
of moral judgment through interpretation of historical fact. In crude terms, they understood that the what was inconsequential without the why.
Specifically, they saw their roles as interpreters as opportunities to become arbiters of moral judgment: moral leaders. Their works, and thus their
mechanisms of

Compare And Contrast Heroidotus And Herodotus
Are those who do not learn from history truly doomed to repeat it? Many an old adage, as well as prevalent historical figures – such as Winston
Churchill, definitely say so. After all, as the inevitable progression of time and technology pushes forward, the needs and wants of mankind remain the
same. For the most part, the human mind is a constant variable, and there are invaluable lessons to be learned from our predecessors – ancients and
pioneers alike. The fortunate news is, there exists, and will continue to be (at least for the near future) a vast collection of historical resources. A new
question is posed however; what defines the potency of a source? In many ways, two ancient historians named Herodotus and Thucydides helped define
and set the ground–work for what historical writing consists of. Herodotus, being the older of the two, is flatteringly renowned as the father of history,
as he provided the world with its first account of a true historical narrative – The Histories. Both men lived roughly from the early portion of the 4th
Century b.c up until the latter end of the century, and the purposes of their works agreed in principal, but in principal only. For instance, Thucydides
authored History of the Peloponnesian War, in which he chronicles the friction between Sparta and Athens. On the other hand, The Histories documents
the Greco–Persian wars – in its own unique way, of course. Certainly, the congruency between these two texts ends with the fact that they

Ancient Greece : The Iliad And The Odyssey
The history of Ancient Greece is vast and can be traced back all the way to the Neolithic age. Civilizations rise and fall as centuries pass and some
collapse without any information even with today's technology. Most known information about Greek history originates from writers. Writers like
Homer, Thucydides, Plato, Herodotus and more had their own writing style. Homer's famous epics are the Iliad and the Odyssey, an experience of
godlike warriors fighting during the Trojan Warand a treacherous journey back home. Many of his work were highly influenced by Greek gods
interfering with human life and events. Herodotus's work, History of Herodotus, is composed of information from different resources to show different
people's point of view. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His depiction of Apollo coming down from the summits of Olympus was a work of fiction as one truly did not see a Greek god coming down from
the sky and shoot arrows for nine days "For nine whole days he shot his arrows among the people" (Book 1, Paragraph 50). This example shows that
Homer's writing involved Apollo, a Greek god, helping mortals like Khryses whenever they are in need.
Homer's writing of how Greek gods helping individuals is further proven when Achilles is mad and wanted to kill the son of Atreus but was prevented
by Athena. In the story, it was told that only Achilles could see Athena and she was there to talk to him. Athena reasoned with Achilles of how this
will affect his future. "Do not draw your sword; rail at him if you will, with words, and your railing will not be vain, for I tell you–and it shall surely
be–that you shall hereafter receive gifts three times as splendid by reason of this present outrage [hubris]. Hold, therefore, and obey." (Book 1,
Paragraph 210) Achilles decided to put down his sword and not kill the son of Atreus. Homer introduced the Greek goddess Athena into his writing as
she was the goddess of wisdom. She reasoned with Achilles saying that he will receive more gifts in the future if he holds his current anger and he
decides to listen to her. Herodotus's work "The

Pericles The Politician By Plutarch
Plutarch – "Pericles the Politician" Plutarch was a well–known and respected historian, biographer, and philosopher. He held a very high status in
society. He taught philosophy in Rome for some time and was granted high office by the royal family. When he returned to his native town in Greece,
he was appointed as the Priest of Apollo. He wrote many philosophical essays as well as biographies of influential people during the times. This
particular document was written by Plutarch as a biographical text about Pericles' political influence in society during his time as a politician. He wrote
this selection to thoroughly describe how Pericles used his platform to manipulate the people into giving him the opportunity to gain ultimate power. ...
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Pericles shaped his campaigning around pleasing the masses. Thucydides' political strategy was to get all of his supporters to sit together in the
assembly. Unfortunately for him, there were not many to support him against Pericles. Strategically, Pericles gave nearly all of the political power to
the people. This was the reason he was known as the 'first citizen of democratic Athens by the historian Thucydides. Purposefully, he was constantly
'beautifying' Athens. As stated by Plutarch, Pericles "constantly provided public pageants, banquets, and processions in the city, entertaining the
people like children with elegant pleasures." He made sure he kept the public happy. Along with elaborate public displays, Pericles, expanded
territories. According to Plutarch, "he dispatched 1,000 settlers to the Chersonese, 500 to Naxos, 250 to Andros, 1,000 to Thrace to make their homes
with the Bisaltae, and others to the new colony named Thurii." This expansion allowed the city to rid itself of 'idlers' and 'agitators' and "raise the
standards of the poorest classes". In addition to his great political strategies, one of the main ways that Pericles gained the adornment of Athenians, and
also the greatest criticism from his adversaries was through the building of several temples and public buildings. His enemies proposed in the Assembly
that other Greeks should have been outraged that the funding

Comparing The Iliad And The Odyssey
Greek historians saw themselves as a part of a long tradition that went back to Homer and Hesiod, and became fully defined by the time of
Herodotus and Thucydides. To the Greeks themselves, the concept of their history came down from the epics, and this would shape the tradition
from which later Greek historians would draw. Homer's Trojan War, and the heroes that populated the narrative were considered to be true events
and historical figures. The Iliad and The Odyssey, recorded long after the events supposedly occurred, also gave rise to the perception that the past
was divided into two parts: a heroic age of the gods and heroes and a post–heroic age of men. Because the age of heroes was defined by the writers of
epic and thus considered fixed, in the very early stages of Greek historiography, attempts were made to bridge the gap between the two ages with
genealogies, linking Greek families with the heroes of the epics. In a similar fashion, the Myth of the Races in Hesiod's Works and Days is considered
by some scholars to be a proto–historical account, similar to the myth of Prometheus and Pandora, because it is an attempt to create an origin for the
human race, whether or not it was believed to be true by the author.
The ancients made attempts at mapping the development of historiography as well. Dionysius of Halicarnassus treated this subject in his work On
Thucydides. He claimed that Greek historical writing began with "local" historians who wrote about their

Cultural Bias and Structure in Herodotus Essay
Herodotus' writes his Histories for Greeks. Specifically for Greeks living in Herodotus' own time. The statement of purpose which begins the work
seems to contradict this hypothesis. Herodotus claims to wish to "prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the
fame of the important and remarkable achievementsВ…" [Herodotus, 1.0]. The underlying assumption here is that the author is preserving these events
and achievements for future generations and perhaps even future civilizations. The text however does not does not follow these guidelines. Herodotus
assumes that his reader will have certain amount of common knowledge.
When discussing geographical distances, Herodotus often gives them relative to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within this primary structure lies a secondary tangential structure. Herodotus tangentially discusses almost everything which is brought up in his
historical narrative. Any subject, region, or people that is mentioned within the primary structure is a candidate for secondary structure examination.
Most often this comes in the form of a discussion of some land that the Persians conquered. These secondary structure tangents often include their own
historical narratives, geographical descriptions, and anthropological observations. The secondary structure of The Histories almost obscures the primary
structure, making it difficult for a casual or first time reader to follow the overall narative.
So we are presented with a narrative history quite similar to a modern history but which goes off on tangents on subjects when they first appear in the
narrative (this of course includes tangents off of tangents).
The structure of The Histories presents a problem. The secondary structure of The Histories almost obscures the primary structure, making the book
difficult to follow. We are presented with two possibilities. Either Herodotus is not a good author or The Histories was not meant to be read as a
book. Given the oral nature of fifth century Athens the later is far more likely. Books were likely a rarity in Herodotus' time given the difficulty in
reproducing them. Given the oral

Herodotus: The Struggle Between Greek And Persian Empires
RChapter 7 Terms Herodotus (p.159) D: A greek historian that created many tales about the Persian empire and its quarrels with other civilizations.
One story consisted of a scuffle between Cyrus and Croesus. S:His stories gave us perspective on the struggles between Greek and Persian empires.
Medes and Persians (p.160) D:People who had migrated from central Asia to Persia. Where they lived under loose control to the Babylonian and
Assyrian empires. Spoke Indo–European languages and were apart of Indo–European migrations. S:The Medes and Persians were very important
because they were the origins of the classical Persian society. They had set the foundation and started it. Darius (p.162) D:Most extraordinary of all the
Achaemenid emperors he reigned (521–486 BCE). Expanded his empire east and west... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Satrapies (pgs.162–163) D:Administrative and taxation districts that were governed by satraps. Darius divided his realm into 23 satrapies. S:The
creation of Satrapies had made Darius's empire much more manageable to govern and he was able to prevent disunion by always checking on the
satrapies with tax officials and imperial spies. And it influenced governments in other regions. Xerxes (pgs.164–165) D:Darius's successor. Rejected
Persian rule of toleration. Reigned 486–465 BCE. S:Because of Xerxes's arrogance and reluctance to tolerate other cultures it caused turmoil and ill
will to Mesopotamians and Egyptians.And it ended up causing dire dilemmas for the future Persians to keep their empire together. Imperial Bureaucrats
(p.169) D:Administrators that present the central power and take out imperial code. They prevented the other satrapies of straying from their alliance to
the Persians. S:This administrative technique allowed for ethnicity and diversity. And because Persia was immensely large it was a reliable government

What Are Xerxes Attitudes Towards The Spartans
Primary Source Essay #1
Today when people talk about the Spartans they think about the movie 300 that was created that shows 300 Spartan warriors facing Xerxes army of
150,000 men. What they do not know are the actual real accounts that happened during the time of this particular Persian invasion. When Herodotus
wrote the Histories he mentions this battle in great detail. His thirst for knowledge gives us a better perspective of Spartans and Persians since his
writings have lasted since they were written. In the Histories Herodotus gives pure examples of Xerxes attitudes towards the Greeks along with his
superstitious and tyrannical behavior. Throughout his journey listening to peddlers and many other scholars like himself he learned of Spartan culture
and how they took arms on each battlefield. After each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Xerxes sent his men through the hidden path around the mountain Leonidas still stood his ground with his Spartans even though he allowed
most of the troops to return home. This shows in Spartan culture a man would rather die in battle than run and be dishonored. Leonidas was
superstitious about the oracle that determined a king shall fall from Sparta or Sparta itself will be destroyed. The people of Sparta must have had much
intelligence to understand how to create this choke point of the other army. Many of the different battles even after Thermopylae show that the
Spartans were versatile toward warfare.
Honor is shown throughout this narrative. Demaratus warns Xerxes about facing the Greeks in battle and talks about the men being free. No matter
what number of enemies they face to either conquer them or die trying. This not only shows how they seek honor but what was valued in their
society. When Xerxes sends heralds to each town for earth and water the perception of this from each Greek city was that they would become slaves
and no longer free

The Literary Analysis Of The Herodotus Of Halicarnassus
Little is known of the life of Herodotus of Halicarnassus who was born in a part of the Greek empire in what is present day Turkey, and lived
between ca. 484 and 420 BC, other than that he was the author of the Histories. It was the first history to break with the "Homeric" way of relating
history by interweaving it with myth and delivering it in the style of poetry. Instead, Herodotus produced systematic accounts of history following a
chronological order, assembled as many facts and forms of evidence as possible, and used them with a critical spirit of analysis. These documents
describe the history of the Persian wars from the fall of the Lydian kingdom in western Anatolia to the beginning of the Archidamian War. At its heart is
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Herodotus then zooms in and pictures the conflict taking place hand–to–hand within a temple to Demeter, again underscoring the intimate relationship
between military violence and religious veneration. The ferocity of war and combat is heightened here, as elsewhere, in descriptive additions and
language flavored with adjectives. Herodotus displays a detailed concern with the accessories of combat and pays particular attention to the fact that
the Persians were relatively lightly armed. Indeed, over the course of the Histories at large, armaments emerge as an important factor in determining
military victories. Here, the Persians "were neither less valorous nor weaker, but they had no amour; moreover, they were unskilled and no match for
their adversaries in craft".
The picture of the Persians as valorous but unskilled, and many in number but reckless, is not limited to this excerpt–it is one of the main themes of the
Histories overall. Later commentators have picked up on Herodotus's repeated negative characterizations of the Persians as a barbaric race as
indicative of his general way of formulating an undesirable picture of "the Other." Hartog, in particular, has spoken about "Herodotus's mirror" held up
to the Persians, reflecting them as barbaric and savage in comparison to the Greeks, especially in terms of their fighting methods.
Another

How Cryptography Is Defined As A Major Factor During Wars,...
The "Ignominious Tribe," the worlds "second oldest profession," these are both describing the same thing, the mysterious profession that lives in the
shadows of history. Espionage. Governments fear it, yet it is always a major factor during wars, and it isn't very well known by the general public.
Men and women throughout history who have fought in secret positions during wars, often placed into positions of great danger. Why were they
willing to risk so much for their countries? Profit? Honor? Adrenaline? There are many aspects of the art of espionage, from the necessary grunt work
of field agents to the solid determination of cryptologists. Cryptography is defined as the art of writing and solving codes, a necessary practice for all
sides involved in any major battle or power struggle, an example being World War II, where coding and cipher script were integral parts of the
conflict, main factors of every win or loss. Without cryptography, some estimate that the war would have lasted at least two years longer than it did,
thus proving the necessary function of cryptography. In the following pages, the reader will learn a brief history of the evolution of cryptography, and
how it was important in such major recent struggles as WWII. This form of espionage has been an integral part of history.
Espionage has been recognized as an important part of all military affairs since the beginnings of recorded history. It began with, and still heavily relies
upon, the various forms of

Comparing Justice In Electra And Sophocles '
Sophocles's Electra focuses mainly on the justifications of some actions, Sophocles sees justice as the most important thing that leads to the actions of
others. Herodotus is nearly the exact opposite. He seems to not see any importance with justice, within The Histories he shows that the most important
thing when writing is showing what caused certain events to happen, as well as evidence to both sides of the story, allowing the reader to decide what
really happened. Although these two texts and their authors seem to be completely different, they do share similarities. They both try to decide and
show how and why things happened; the causation of events. Sophocles shows justice as the only cause of all events while Herodotus tries to show all
the possibilities and sides of historical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In today's world, justice is defined simply as "The process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and criminals." However,
Sophocles helps to show that justice, in the time of Electra, is constituted by anything that is deemed as "honorable." At the beginning of the play,
Orestes states, "When I went to the oracle of Apollo, to discover how best to take revenge for my father – revenge on his killers that is my right and
due – here's what Apollo said: 'Place not your trust in an army's sword or shield. Use cunning. Kill them yourself and justly so'" (4). In making this
speech, Orestes shows how justice, in this case revenging someone's murder, is seen as a very honorable act in this time period. There are other
examples of Sophocles' view of justice within his play. The two main acts of 'justice' are that Sophocles focus on are: the murder of King Agamemnon,
by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus, the other, the main focus of the play, the murder of Clytemnestra and Aegisthus for murdering King
Agamemnon. However, can these acts really be seen as

Herodotus Essay
Herodotus
As Herodotus develops his History he diverges from the main aspect of his narrative many times throughout the text. Many wonder why Herodotus
diverges from the main point by introducing minor characters who do not seem relevant to the central theme. Some consider this method of narrative
confusing and pointless but I believe that Herodotus has a purpose for including these minor figures and that these characters help express Herodotus
ideology towards proper moral and political systems. These minor figures are developed and manipulated by Herodotus in order to express his ideas
and he is able to accomplish this because these characters are flexible in the sense that the readers (and listeners) do not have a ... Show more content on
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Gelon is furious with this request because Athens dishonored him by refusing to help in the past. Gelon strongly tells Athens "When I begged you to
bear a hand with me in the fight against a barbarian enemy...when I kept urging you to avenge the murder of Dorieus...you did not come help, either
for my sake or to avenge the murder of Dorieus (Gelon 7.158)." Many people would not question Gelon for not helping the Athenians against the
Persian invasion since they have been dishonored and now are a providence of Persia but he does offer the Athenians help. Herodotus uses Gelon to
show how one should turn the other cheek when Gelon says "But though I have met dishonor from you, I will not be like you (Gelon 7.158)" and he
offers ships and soldiers to the Athenians.
Herodotus shows that one should fight in battle under any circumstance in different instances throughout book seven. As Xerxes marches towards
Greece he and his army are provided food, shelter, and money by Pythius. All that Pythius asks for in return for his "generosity" is that is eldest son
does not go to war with Persia and stays to care for him. Xerxes is enrages with this request because not fighting is not acceptable by anyone not even
to the king himself. Xerxes says "Vile creature, I am myself marching to Greece, and with me are my children, my brothers, my household, and my
friends (Xerxes 7.39)" and he punishes Pythius for even considering his

Herodotus Primary Sources
Herodotus was the first Greek to look at the big picture. He differed from famous authors such as Homer and other authors, with texts of legends and
mythology. Herodotus describes human causes for circumstances and events, rather than labeling them as divine ones, which authors at that time
arguably focused their writings. When Herodotus describes divinity, he relies on the human approach by relying on the knowledge of other cultures. His
cultural interests vary in philosophy, anthropology and religion. The three being the primary source material for his body of work. When he places this
particular information into his book, labeled 'The Enquiries,' or Historia, translated this means inquiry and investigation over the subject matter, not
necessarily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To better comprehend this, one must look deeper into his writings. In 'The Histories', Herodotus writes: "I however am bound to report which is
reported, though I am not bound altogether to believe it – and that may be taken to apply to this book as a whole," [Histories, Book 7, 152]. From this
quote, one can assume that he understands that he is obligated to write down events and that it does not necessarily have to be truthful as with any
human, a bias will be present. According to Harrison in his book, Divinity and History, "The Histories has been seen as a failure on Herodotus' part to
accept his responsibilities as a historian, [pg.24]." What makes Herodotus a pioneer, in my mind, is that he uses the scientific approach of observation
and presents his findings to the world through his writings as inferences. I believe that Herodotus influences thematize Greek culture within and outside
Western Tradition. From the inception of Ancient Greek culture to Greek Orthodoxy, I believe Herodotus influences the politics of the Greeks and their
religion by shaping their views through his

Herodotus Paper
I am Herodotus and I have found more civilizations. I have found Mesopotamia, Egypt, The Indus Valley, and China. When I had found these
civilizations I was so happy, but I had no clue what their writing was and what they had done for a living, so I must find out. When I had finished
studying these civilizations I had realized that Egypt's step–pyramids looked just like the ziggurat In Mesopotamia. I also had learned that they had
traded because I had in Mesopotamia they had things from the Indus Valley.
The first thing I have learned when I was learning about the civilizations was the river system. There were two rivers in Mesopotamia called the
Tigris and Euphrates river. The rivers in Mesopotamia had flooded and damaged crops and destroyed crops, but had... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The rivers had flooded irregularly because they didn't know when the two rivers would flood. The river in Egypt is called the Nile river and was in the
Delta which was water shaped like a triangular shape and the water is led to the ocean. The river had flooded regularly because the Egyptians had
calendars of when it flooded and when it didn't flood. The river had also carried fertile silt, which would make the land very fertile and it was very
fertile because of the silt and the flooding. Next is the Indus Valley and it also had flooded,but had flooded irregularly like Mesopotamia's river. The
river had flooded irregularly because the Indus Valley had walls because they hadn't kept track on the rivers when the river had flooded. The last river
is the Huang He river or "The Yellow River" or "China's Sorrow". The Yellow River had flooded regularly because they had kept track of the floods
and they needed the river to flood because it created silt and some crops had required the river to flood until

Herodotus: Leonidas And The Spartans
Herodotus Portrays Leonidas and the Spartans as brave and strong throughout the text because Leonidas is a Greek descent as well as Herodotus
himself. In the reading of The History of Herodotus, one of the first things Herodotus states is Leonidas' ancestors. He states, "Now Leonidas was
the son of Anaxandridas, who was the son of Leo, who was the son of Eurycratidas, who was the son of Anaxander, who was the son of
Eurycrates...who was the son of Hyllus, who was the son of Hercules. Leonidas had come to be king of Sparta quite unexpectedly(Herodotus 7.204).
Herodotus explains how Leonidas is Greek because he is a descendant of the Greek God Hercules. This is an important aspect to consider because It
is easy for Herodotus to portray Leonidas and the Spartans as... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Herodotus in theory refers to Persians as the opposite of Xerxes and the Persians, so Leonidas and the Greeks are viewed as God–Like or
Immortals. Later on in the story, Herodotus describes a man named Demaratus speaking to the Persian king Xerxes, he says, "You are now face to
face with the first kingdom in Greece and with the bravest men"(Herodotus 7.209). This quote explains how Demaratus tells Xerxes that Leonidas and
his men are the bravest people he knows. This claim helps supports Herodotus idea of portraying the Greeks as stronger then the Persians for it gives
another person's perspective on how strong the Greeks were. Herodotus shows that not only did other people need to say how strong the Greeks where,
you could also see how strong they were on the battlefield. In the text, Herodotus says,"They would turn their backs in unison as if they were in flight,
where whereupon the enemy would pursue them with much noise and shouting: then the Spartans, just when the Persian were upon them, would wheel
around, face the enemy and inflict heavy losses on them. Some Spartans also feel, but not may"(Herodotus

Conflict Between Xerxes And Herodotus
Amidst the diversity of ideas and concepts that Herodotus develops throughout his History, the notion that highly different political structures do exist
and may eventually clash is a prominent one. In accord with Herodotus' manner of incidentally placing the essential cores of his arguments and
observations in microcosmic episodes scattered across the body of his narrative, the exchange between Xerxes and Demaratus in passages 101–105 of
Book 7 serves as a gateway into exploring and discussing the ways in which the Greeks and the Persians differ, both politically and socially. Through
the contrast between the Greeks and the Persians that the conversation depicts, Herodotus advances his narrative–wide delineation of the disparity
between the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, the dialogue is part of a series of implicit and explicit references in the History to the radically different ways of living and governance that are
exhibited by different societies. Throughout their conversation, Xerxes' and Demaratus' juxtaposing assertions fuel Herodotus' ongoing discussion of
what sets the Greeks and the Persians apart. This contrast, in turn, reveals the disparity between those governed by the rule of law and those governed
by an autocratic emperor. In the History the Persian monarchy, as the prime example of unity under a centralized authority figure, is consistently
portrayed as resting on principles of fear, subservient conformity, and blind loyalty. An example of this can be seen when Herodotus notes: "All the
rest of the Persians held their tongues and did not venture to declare a judgment opposite to that which was in discussion" (7.10). This oft–mentioned
inability of the Persians to freely express their opinions and thoughts without fear of punishment goes into suggesting the foundations of the Persian
autocracy. The "compulsion of lash" that Xerxes proudly favors during the dialogue becomes a potent symbol of monarchy in History: "...and many of
the barbarians fell; for behind their regiments their captains with whips in their hands flogged on every man of them, pressing them

Main Aspects of Education: An Argument for Experience,...
Education is one of the most difficult matters in human life, because it involves the society as a whole and the individual. People have many different
ways of learning, and often these methods fall into what are called, traditional and nontraditional educations. Traditional education is to attend classes
at school where there are teachers and pupils. Nontraditional education may involve traveling, hands–on experiences, or reading. However, these two
types of education are based upon five components of education: experience, curiosity, mentoring, communication, and commitment.
No matter what we do or where we go, as long as we face new obstacles, we are learning. In Ryszard Kapuscinski's Travels with Herodotus,
Kapuscinski immerses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Curiosity is what really initiates the cycle of learning. Ryszard Kapuscinski begins Travels with Herodotus when he is curious about who Herodotus is
and his curiosity about what lay across the border. Kapuscinski's "psychological hunger" for knowledge never stops == he strives to read as many
books as possible and even investigates the curiosity of Algeria the lieutenant left him when he said that he would like it very much down there
(Kapuscinski 9). Iyer demonstrates his curiosity as he is a Global Soul who sees Japan as one of the most interesting places on the planet. He sees
his home with an eye of curiosity at all times, which is why he never gets tired of living in Japan. Potts also demonstrates curiosity when he goes on
his journey, diverting from the footsteps of Marco Polo, "liberated from a sober travel–writing mission" (Potts XVI). Kapuscinski's curiosity comes
from a burning desire, like Malcolm X, who wanted to communicate and realized his inabilities due to a roommate named Bimbi. Malcolm X later
claimed, "If I weren't out here every day battling the white man, I could spend the rest of my life reading, just satisfying my curiosity––because you
can hardly mention anything I'm not curious about." (Malcolm X paragraph 4).
Mentoring is another essential aspect in both

Herodotus The Histories
The Histories is a book written by Herodotus during the 5th century BC and is one that is very useful in the study of history. Herodotus himself was
and still called the "Father of History" as it is believed that he is the first to write down histories. A historian from 400 years after Herodotus,
Dionysius, had stated that Herodotus "chose not to write down the history of a single city or nation, but to put together many, varied events of Europe
and Asia in a single comprehensive work". The book is useful in the sense that the level of detail present and Herodotus himself included his insight on
the events to give modern historians an idea about the events. These were evident with his description of Ancient Egypt and his account of the Battle...
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The Great Pyramids were built by slaves under the rule of Cheops, according to the priests that Herodotus encountered. Cheops had closed all the
temples and used slaves for his own advantage. Some of the slaves were forced to drag blocks of stones from the Arabian hills to the Nile, where
would then be ferried across and other slaves would come and take over and drag the blocks to the Libyan hills. As Herodotus had said, "they worked
by a hundred thousand men at a time, for each three months continually". This went on for twenty years. However, modern science proves this to be
impossible or extremely hard to achieve when taking in account the size of the pyramid. According to Herodotus, the pyramid was "five furlongs in
length, sixty feet wide" and "forty–eight feet high at its highest point". The real size of the pyramid is around 750 feet for the sides and 480 feet high.
This measurement differs greatly from Herodotus' and creates suspicion on reliability of Herodotus' writing and therefore would not be useful in the
study of

Ancient Empires Political Power Analysis
Philanthropist Walter Annenberg once said, "The greatest power is not money power, but political power." This can be seen in how ancient empires
rose and stayed in power. Before 600 C.E. ancient empires exerted political power through a variety of methods, including military importance, creating
legal systems, and using punishments.
Ancient empires used military importance, legal systems, and punishments to exert political power. The use of military importance can be seen in
documents 1, and 2. Both of these documents speak of the pride taken in the achievements of their military and the goods that have been procured
because of their conquest. An example from document 1 is the statement, "Next to prowess in arms, it is regarded as the greatest proof of manly
excellence to be the father of many sons..." and in document 2 it says, "Because of the greatness of our city the fruits of the whole earth flow in
upon us; so that we enjoy the goods of other countries as freely as of our own". The use of legal systems can be seen in documents 2, 3, 4, and 5. All
these documents express laws in place to ensure equality, obedience, and moral values. Some examples can be seen in document 2, "The law secures
equal justice to all alike in their private disputes..." and document 3, " Strict laws are used by rulers to prevent disobedience and expel the selfish..."
This is effective because it creates order, which causes an empire to be easier to manage for the ruler, allowing him/her to focus on

Herodotus 'Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca'
Egyptians and Indians
(An Analysis of the way the Egyptians lived to the way the Avavares lived)
Herodotus is considered by most to have been the first Greek historian which would make him the first European historian as well. He wrote many
books in his time and History contains Observations on Egypt. Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca was one of the first Europeans to explore the American
Southwest. He wrote La Relacion that talks mostly of the few months that he spent with the Avavares.Herodotus talks about the way the Egyptians see
different animals, perform different ceremonies, and De Vaca focuses mainly on the lifestyle of the Avavares.
Herodotus talks a lot about the animals that the Egyptians see as sacred and those that are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Avavares have a lot to do with religion and they base their lifestyle on the healers of the tribe. De Vaca prayed a lot and that helped with a lot of
what they were doing in the tribe. He managed to bring one man "back from the dead". From paragraph 4 of Chapter Twenty–two of From La
Relacion, "I removed a mat with which he was covered, and as best I could prayed to Our Lord to restore his health, as well as that of all the others
who might be in need of it, and after having made the sign of the cross and breathed on him many times they brought his bow and presented it to me,
and a basket of ground tunas, and took me to many others who were suffering from vertigo." This is one of the many examples of how they really
respected their healer of the

Pros And Cons Of Cyrus
In the mid–first millennium BCE, numerous groups arose, each with a different set of perspectives, worldviews, and attitudes: the Israelites, the
Phoenicians, Neo–Assyrians, Persians and Greeks, and so on. For the Jews, they were held captive in Babylon, later returned to Jerusalem by
Cyrus, the King of the Persians. Therefore, according to the first article, Cyrus was welcome within their society. These people were extremely
religious, especially in regards to Marduk, and they all felt the need to help build their temple in Jerusalem. Everyone wanted to help for their beliefs
and God, and gave gifts, money, and resources. "Even the Greeks, who later defeated the Persians, saw Cyrus as a model ruler" (textbook 132). Even
more so, according to the Persian Customs article, most of the clans were made by Cyrus, and the rest, nomad tribes, heavily depended on Cyrus' tribes.
The Greeks, meanwhile, had their own opinions on the Persians, seen through Herodotus' words. He states that the Persians do not see the Gods, as
they have no temples, and instead offer sacrifices; almost as if they enjoy the killings. During this, the Persian sacrificer does not pray to himself, but
to all of the Persians, which illustrates how these people truly cared about their empire, and had great respect for the King, also sacrificing to the "sun,
moon, earth, wind" instead of seeing the God itself (Persian Customs). The Greeks did not agree with the Persians, and around this time had many
conflicts.

Herodotus: The Cultural Values Of The Greek And Persian...
The great historian, Herodotus, who is also known as the "father of history," wrote many books on the Greek culture. Herodotus describes the
cultural values of the Greeks in his detailed work, The Histories. Because the book concentrates on the Greek and Persian wars, he also writes about
the values of the Persians. In his account of the Greek and Persian wars, Herodotus describes the different values of the Greek culture and the Persian
culture in this famous book. From reading this work of Herodotus, it becomes clear that the values which each of these two cultures held, differed
greatly. In The Histories, Herodotus describes the cultural values of the Greeks. The Greeks had many differences, but in times of danger, they set
aside their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the values of the Greeks, he mentions women, money, alliances, their intelligence, and most importantly, their freedom. The Greeks treat women
more as property than as marital companions. Money was also valued greatly, for Greece was a poor country. Alliances were almost always used in
battle to strengthen their numbers and intelligence because Greece had a very small army compared to the Persians. Intelligence was also needed in
war for battle strategies, which were necessary for victory. But the one thing that the Greeks valued greatly was their freedom. They were willing to
defend themselves in any way necessary to preserve their freedom. However, the values of the Persians were few and were very different from the
values of the Greeks. The greatest value of the Persians was probably land, for they conquered countries and towns in order to expand their empire.
They themselves also valued women as objects, for they would take them as plunder after conquering towns and camps. The Persians, unlike the
Greeks, were very rich, with over three million, nine hundred and ninety–three thousand Darics. The final value of the Persians that I will mention is
their strength in numbers. The Persian land and naval forces were huge compared to the Greek military. Herodotus explains the many values of the
Greek culture and the Persian culture, as well as their differences, in his detailed work of writing, The

Herodotus Research Paper

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