Heresy and orthodoxy
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The document discusses heresy and orthodoxy in the 14th century Church. It summarizes that the Church had become unpopular due to greed, feudal power, and cruelty. The Pope resided in Avignon, France, which was foreign. The spread of religious writings increased literacy and focused on Jesus Christ, Saints, and the Virgin Mary. Private prayer was seen as a threat to Church authority as it allowed independent thought. Lollardy was a 14th century political and religious movement inspired by John Wycliffe's Bible translations from Latin, though they were not published. King Henry IV was loyal to the Church and had Lollards executed in 1401, though the movement was not well organized.
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I use my own material and material from colleagues who have presented their work also on internet.
I claim nothing. This is merely educational fair use.
Educational fair use:
"the fair use of a copyrighted work (...) for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright"
But I claim nothing, All trademarks, works and images used are properties of their respective owners. If I violate any form of copyright please contact me and I will give credit.
Protestant reformation notes
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I use my own material and material from colleagues who have presented their work also on internet.
I claim nothing. This is merely educational fair use.
Educational fair use:
"the fair use of a copyrighted work (...) for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright"
But I claim nothing, All trademarks, works and images used are properties of their respective owners. If I violate any form of copyright please contact me and I will give credit.
Protestant reformation notes
The Protestant Reformation began in response to perceived issues within the Catholic Church, including that it had become more focused on wealth than spiritual matters, the pope had become too political, and some priests had engaged in misconduct. Martin Luther helped spark the Reformation by posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Church and certain doctrines like the selling of indulgences. He went on to be excommunicated from the Catholic Church and establish the Lutheran Church, emphasizing salvation through faith alone rather than good deeds. The Reformation then spread through the establishment of new Protestant denominations across Europe in the 1500s-1600s.
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The Romans invaded Britain for several reasons: to use British food supplies, and to counter Celtic tribes in Britain and Gaul. Julius Caesar led the first Roman invasion in 55 BC, and in AD 43 AD, Roman armies occupied Britain. This led to the emergence of a Romano-British culture, with Latin literacy, large and small towns modeled on Roman plans, and a rural economy featuring large farms called villas worked by wealthier Britons. Town names with suffixes like "caster" and "chester" also provide evidence of Roman influences that still endure today.
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We will examine Irish, Scottish, and Welsh history and culture from 500 BC to the present. In particular, lectures and discussions will focus on the early cultural identity of the Irish, Scots, and Welsh and their customs and mythologies; the influence of Roman culture and Christianity on these lands and peoples; the English conquest and colonization of these lands and peoples; and, finally, on the process of political devolution in all three areas. These aspects of Irish, Scottish, and Welsh history will be examined through historical documents and literature, art, music, and film clips. Students will emerge from the class with a clear sense of the events that shaped the early history and culture of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales and how those events continue to shape these areas even to the present day.
Ancient Celts Interactive Map
The document discusses the locations where ancient Celtic people lived, including Greece, Northern Italy, England, and Scotland. It provides details on the Celtic arrival and settlement in each location. In Scotland, the Celts arrived in 700 BC and settled in northern Ireland and western Scotland, eventually dominating the native Picts. In Northern Italy, the Celts sacked Rome in 390 BC and battled the Romans for years before being defeated. The Celts also settled in parts of England during the Iron Age and impressed the Greeks with their appearance, being introduced to writing and chariots.
The century of plagues.
The 14th century saw massive population declines in Europe due to plague outbreaks, most notably the Black Death in 1348 which killed over a third of Britain's population, reducing it from 4 million to just over 2 million by century's end. Economic and social changes followed the plagues, including a rise in wages as the labor force shrank, the end of serfdom as peasants could demand higher pay, and the emergence of a new yeoman class of small landowners and farmers. Wool and cloth exports from England increased significantly over the 14th century as the country adapted to the economic impacts of the plagues.
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Heresy and orthodoxy
- 2. Church unpopularity Greed: feudal power Cruelty Foreign Pope (Avignon, France)
- 3. Spread of religious writings (XIV) Increase of literacy Jesus Christ, Saints and Virgin Mary Private prayer= threat to church authority/ People could think independently.
- 4. LOLLARDY (latin= to say prayers) XIV Political and religious movement
- 5. John Wycliffe Bible guide Save Translated from Latin Not published
- 6. Henry IV
- 7. Loyal to Church Execution of Lollards (1401) Lollards not well organised