Philip II And The Papacy
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Relations between Philip II of Spain and the Papacy were often strained for several reasons. Philip exercised significant control over the Spanish church, which worried the Papacy. There were also tensions over foreign policy, as Philip and the Popes did not always agree on the best approach towards countries like England and France. While they shared the goal of defending Catholicism, Philip saw himself as God's representative on Earth rather than an agent of the Pope, and the two powers had different priorities.
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Relations between the papacy and Philip II of Spain were difficult for several ideological and political reasons. Politically, Philip controlled territories in Italy that the Pope saw as under his domain. Philip also sought to control the Spanish church and interfere in papal elections. Ideologically, Philip tightly controlled the Spanish Inquisition and implementation of reforms, limiting papal authority. While they wanted to present a united front against heresy, tensions over foreign policy and Philip's dominance strained their relationship and weakened the Catholic Church's overall effectiveness against the spread of Protestantism.
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The document summarizes the religious and political turmoil in Europe between 1560 and 1650. Wars were fought between Protestants and Catholics as each sought to increase their followers. Monarchs sought stability through absolutism and the divine right of kings amidst these crises. The French Wars of Religion in particular saw Calvinist Huguenots and Catholic factions battle for over 30 years until Henry IV took the throne and issued the Edict of Nantes granting Huguenots rights. Meanwhile, Philip II of Spain strongly advocated for militant Catholicism and tried to defeat the Protestant movement through force and marriage alliances, though his efforts bankrupted Spain. Elizabeth I established England as a Protestant power during this time through deft diplomacy and defeating
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This document provides information about monarchies and absolute monarchies, as well as examples from Spain, France, and England. It discusses key monarchs like Charles V, Philip II, Louis XIV, Elizabeth I, and Charles I and events like the Spanish Armada, Thirty Years' War, English Civil War, and more. The document examines the rise and decline of absolute monarchies in Europe and the shift toward more constitutional forms of government.
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Mary tried to restore Catholicism in England through persuasion and persecution. She repealed the religious reforms of Edward VI and restored many Catholic practices, lands, and clergy through the Acts of Repeal and other legislation. However, Protestant beliefs still remained in parts of England. Mary faced opposition from Protestants and used censorship, treason laws, and heresy commissions against them, but the burnings of hundreds of Protestants under her reign may have been counterproductive and contributed to her reputation as "Bloody Mary". Ultimately, Mary's failure to produce a Catholic heir meant that upon her death, Elizabeth I was able to return England to Protestantism once more.
Apwhperiod4europetransformations
This document provides an overview of major political, social, and economic transformations in Europe between 1450-1750. It discusses the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation led by figures like Martin Luther, the resulting religious wars, and the rise of strong centralized monarchies in countries like France under Louis XIV. Constitutional governments also began emerging in places like England and the Netherlands as a result of conflicts between monarchs and parliaments over religion and political power. By 1750, Western Europe was dominated by powerful sovereign states rather than fragmented feudal systems.
Chapter 8 Absolutism & Divine Right In Europe
This chapter discusses the rise of absolute monarchy in Europe during the 1500s and 1600s. It covers several key monarchies that centralized power, including Spain under Philip II, England which brought stability under the Tudors but allowed Parliament a role, and France where wars over religion and power erupted. Russia also strengthened under rulers like Peter the Great by enhancing its military and connecting more with Western Europe, while further stratifying social classes. The chapter is divided into sections covering these different European powers in more depth.
Church, a powerful institution
The document discusses the relationship between the Catholic Church and political powers in medieval Europe. It describes how the Church competed with kings and emperors for authority over people's lives. Though the Church advocated for a separation of church and state, in practice it often asserted political power over rulers and shaped laws and social classes. This tension led to recurring conflicts between popes and emperors over who had supreme authority.
Presentation - Spain during the Modern Age
- The document discusses Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage where he discovered the Americas and the consequences of this discovery.
- It then summarizes the reigns of several Spanish kings from the 16th-18th centuries including Carlos I, Felipe II, Felipe III, Felipe IV, Carlos II, Felipe V, and Carlos III.
- Key events mentioned include Spain gaining territory in the Americas, Africa, and Asia; wars with France and the Turks; rebellions in Spain; and the loss of Spanish territories after several wars.
(16.1) absolutism spanish power grows
Under Charles V, Spain emerged as a major European power through its control of the vast Hapsburg empire. His son Philip II expanded Spanish influence further during his 42-year reign through numerous wars to advance Spanish Catholic power and defeat opponents like the Ottomans and Protestants in the Netherlands. Though the Spanish Armada failed to invade England, Philip established Spain as Europe's foremost power through absolute rule and asserting divine right. During this golden age, Spanish culture also flourished under Philip's patronage of the arts, producing masterworks by painters like El Greco and Cervantes' seminal novel Don Quixote.
The Spanish Empire History 140
This document provides an overview of the rise and decline of the Spanish Empire between the 16th and 18th centuries. It notes that Spain reached the peak of its power under King Charles I in the early 16th century, as it established colonies across Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia. However, a series of expensive wars in Europe drained Spain's resources throughout the 1600s. By the late 1600s and early 1700s, Spain had lost control of Portugal and became a second-rank European power, though it still maintained a large overseas colonial empire.
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