1. Pre-Production Techniques
LO1
Henry Buckham & Jonah Adshead

2. Finance
Self Financed
Self financing is when a project’s funds are solely provided by the creator of the project. Usually this
defines that money for the project comes from personal savings and income to pay for materials,
equipment/location hire and printing of the final piece. A good example of a self financed project might be
a photographer or artist’s trip to photograph another part of the world, but there have been cases where
this kind of endeavour has been crowd funded.
Employer/Client Financed
This is when project funding is provided by the client, or the person or body who has commissioned the
team to create the publication. This will pay for materials and hire costs as well as sourcing images and
manpower. Projects that are usually client financed are typically ones that revolve around something
being made for that client, better known as a commission. An example of this is the website deviantART,
where several prolific artists offer commission services, where they will create artwork to the client’s spec
for a fee.
Kickstarter
Kickstarter is a relatively new website that allows small and independent companies to crowd source
funding from the public for a wide range of ventures, such as films, video games, inventions and services.
It is a reliable way to also gauge interest for the particular project, as projects that do not reach the target
goal do not receive any money. An example of a successfully funding a Kickstarter project was the game
Wasteland 2, intended as a spiritual successor to a relatively popular 1980s PC game. It is unlikely that
such a sequel would have been developed by a company due to its obscurity and age, but by having a cult
and dedicated fan base the team behind the project was able to secure enough funding to develop the
game.

3. Finance
Which source of funding will be most likely for your production and why?
We will likely be using funds directly provided by the client (Vegetarian Society) in order
to complete this project. Because we are creating something for them, in this case, the
recipe cards, The Vegetarian Society will provide us with the money needed to design,
produce and print the finished product and will pay for equipment, location hire, wages
and materials. Self funding will not be used here because we are directly commissioned
by a client and the finished project will be intended for them.
Advantages
Generous amount of money with no worry of cutting into personal funds, as all money is
provided by them.
Guaranteed income whether or not the final product is successful. If the client likes the look
of the product, we will receive the money despite what the public might think.
Disadvantages
The client will set all budget limits and we will have to adhere as to not overspend.
We don’t have full creative reign over the design of the product. We will have to use the
client’s branding and logos, and whatever else they have outlined in their specification.

4. Finance
Explain the aspects of your production that could require finance.
Several parts of our project will likely require money. Firstly, for the photography of
the final products and other elements that could be used in the design, we are
going to need cameras and other specific equipment. While we may be able to
source our own (college has some that are able to be borrowed) it may come to
the situation where we may need to purchase such equipment, like tripods and
specialised lenses.
Secondly, to print the final product using more specialised techniques like laminating
we will need money to use a printer with this capability, as normal printers can’t
usually laminate. We could either hire one out or pay for the services of a
professional printer to do this task for us.
We will also require money to pay for the food that will be used in the images on the
cards, as well as hiring out a professional kitchen (if we decide to use one) and
covering any costs associated with hiring an expert to help us in this project.
Finally, we may require images that we cannot create ourselves, which is where we
can use stock images. However, these are not free, and to use them without fear
of legal trouble/copyright, we will need to pay a fee to the original creator.

5. Time
What methods could you employ to ensure you stick to your deadlines and why
would this be beneficial to your project?
Using examples from your own experiences can help you add detail here.
To ensure that we keep to good time within in this project we will likely be creating a
schedule for work and tasks. This will help us to pace ourselves, making sure that
everything is done in good time and in the correct order, so that we are not
inconvenienced if something has not been completed. A schedule was particularly
useful to me in the Graphic Narrative project, which allowed me to pace my work
at an optimal speed and leave time for improving.
If we are going to set a schedule then we will make sure to add time for contingency,
in the event of something going wrong. This will prevent unforeseen circumstances
affecting the flow of the project itself and allowing it to be finished in good time.

6. Time
What is contingency time and how might this be beneficial to your project?
Considering some general risks to your project could help you give a more detailed
response.
Contingency is backup time in the event of something going wrong. While such
problems cannot be predicted, we can make up for lost time by setting
contingency which means that the main flow of the project will not be affected by
any mishaps.
The problems most likely to arise where contingency will be needed is something like
work being lost or deleted, or forgetting to do things such as taking pictures or
writing down information. Another problem that could raise that is the result of
having a smaller group is someone falling ill. A loss of manpower in a small group
means that less work will be created and it is likely that the other members will
become stressed because of the increased workload.

7. Personnel
What size team will you use for your production (large or small)? How many people
will you have in your team? Consider the reasons for this. Think about the
advantages and disadvantages of your team size.
Our team will likely consist us and a number of different third party individuals who will aid
us in out production. This might first include a dedicated graphic designer who is
outsourced, who will possess good skills in Photoshop and other related programs and
thus be able to produce some high quality graphics for us instead of using stock images
on the internet. Secondly we may draft in an expert in the field of layout designing and
arranging to aid us with the design of the recipe cards, gaining a higher quality product
than we would have without expert assistance.
We would be unlikely to exceed more than four people in our team because it would begin
to get quite difficult in management, with coordination and shares of the profits.
Advantages of a four person team would be a more organized structure and more
money for each person at the end. However this means that there is still a lot of work
for each person, which a bigger team could solve. The problem with a bigger team
however is that the profit will be spread out even more, resulting in even less for each
person, as well as difficulty in keeping up with individual progress.

8. Personnel
What job roles would you have in your production and what skills and experience
would be required? Think back to your early work on jobs roles and departments
and also the skills you know you need to use to produce work. Drawing on your own
experience as well as your industry knowledge will help you here.
The roles in our team would likely revolve mainly around graphic design/production as
well as photography and editing. For the graphic tasks we will need people to have
a good grasp of Photoshop, a good creative flair and the ability to follow the brief
correctly while adding their own touch to it. On the other hand, people working
around our photography tasks would need a firm knowledge of a camera, be able
to pose and manipulate images to suit the task, and be able to eliminate most
common faults in photographs to achieve optimal pictures.
All of the team members must be able to work to deadlines, be confident in working
in a team, and have a strong sense of confidence and personal motivation in order
to ensure all work is completed on time and to the highest standard.

9. Personnel
How could you find people to be in your production team? Think back to your own
career development plans to help you with this.
To find potential people for our team there are several different ways we can contact
or locate them. The most obvious choices may be to search in a local newspaper or
magazine, like the York Press, and search for adverts offering people’s services, or
even buy our own space for a ‘Wanted’ advert.
If we were to proceed further, we would likely look on job websites (such as Monster)
where people offering their skills could be advertised. This could also lead into
specialised media magazines or publications, like MediaWeek. We could also
contact a recruitment agency (like Mynt Recruitment) to find us potential
candidates. To check that these potential candidates are suitable, we can use the
agencies to find out more about their employment history, or get in contact with
any references they included on their CV.

10. Facilities
List the equipment, resources and facilities you need for your production and its source
Equipment/Facility/Resources needed for
production
College Self Client
Camera X
Food X
Kitchen Utensils X
Computer & Computer Software X X
Chef X
Photographer X X
Kitchen X X
Computer/work Room X X

11. Contributors
Contributor Type of Contributor
Team member Expert
Client Expert
Tutor Expert
Photographer or Sourced Images Expert
Models Talent
People involved in our market
research
Public

12. Locations
What method could you employ to identify locations needed for your production
(production/ post production facilities) and how could this be useful?
I could carry out a recce to decide what location to use and whether the location is suitable and safe
etc. The way I would do a recce is by travelling to the site I am considering top use and once there
analysing it and deciding if it is suitable or not. Things to consider would be if permission is needed
to shoot there, what health and safety risks could be involved and if the location is safe, for
example if you are planning to use a gritty back alley in a rough estate it may not be wise to shoot
after dark.
This method is useful as it allows you to see any negatives of your location before you need to use it
and allows you to change find another location in time if necessary.
In our project we could visit a number of different kitchens that we may decide to shoot in. We
could visit a friends kitchen, our own kitchen and maybe even a professional kitchen in a
restaurant. By doing this we can consider aspects like our target audience; if they are particularly
high end, we will not want to shoot in a small kitchen, one with features such as marble work
surfaces may be more suited.
The lighting in the room is important, is there enough natural lighting? and if not is there enough
room to bring in artificial light?
If a professional kitchen is to be used, the access to it may be limited and when access is available it
may be after service and later in the night so natural light wont be available.

13. Locations
Are there any limitations or risks you would need to consider for your locations?
Location Limitation/Risk
Kitchen Size could be an issue and health and safety must be kept as a priority.
Classroom Health and safety around the room could cause risks, things that should be considered are the length of time
personnel are on the computer at a time. Limited time of access could be another limitation.

14. Codes of Practice - Clearances
What is a model/location release form and why is it important to your production?
A model release form is a document outlining a models contract and signing it shows that they give you
permission to photograph them and use the photographs commercially.
A location release form is a document outlining a contract and is signed by the owners or
responsible person at a location. It allows you to photograph their property and whatever is in it
and use the images commercially.
These signatures are very important to attain as they evidence the fact that permission has been
given for your work. Without this you are at danger of being sued by a model or location owner.
A high profile case of the use of a photograph without the models permission was when the then
18 year old student Lara Coton was informed that a self portrait she took of herself when she was
14 was being used on the case cover of a pornographic DVD released by TVX Films.
She had placed the image on deviantART assuming it was protected with a watermark and
copyright symbol.
She contacted the company asking them to remove the image but when months later it was still
available to purchase on the Internet she sought help. The story received international coverage
and a court case as filed against TVX Films in 2007.

15. Codes of Practice - Legal
What legal requirements will you have to consider in your project and what aspects do they
relate to?
Aspect of Production Legal Consideration
Photography Gaining model/location release forms in necessary.
Image Use Having permission to use other peoples image. May mean buying stock
photos.
Recipes May have to seek permission to use someone else's recipe for our cards.
Food labelling
There are strict regulations on about how food must be labelled,
ensuring that all the nutritional content is correctly represented. This is
especially important with vegetarian food as I must be made clear that it
is meat free.
ASA regulations Because the recipe cards will feature the vegetarian society’s logo ands
branding it can be considered as a type of advertisement. Because the
regulations of the ASA must be followed.

16. Codes of Practice – Regulatory Bodies
Which regulatory body’s guidelines would you need to follow when creating your
production? Where could you source that information from. Be specific.
When creating our product we must follow the regulations of the Advertising Standards Agency (ASA).
The ASA are in charge of what advertisement is acceptable and what isn’t, and there are strict
guidelines making it clear what you can and cant do as an advertiser. These guidelines can be found
on the ASA website.
If a complaint is made to the ASA about an advertisement they will investigate the issue and then
decide what to do about it. If they agree with the complaint they may decide to take the
advertisement out of circulation whether that be off the television, radio or to discontinue its
inclusion in print, If they don’t agree the advertisement may be allowed to continue.
Sometimes a decision is made to have the advertisement censored, so it is not completely banned
but only in its current state. This happened in 2010 with the HJ Heinz Company’s television
advertisement for their product “Heinz Nature”. The board ruled that the advertisement was
inappropriate in its current state but allowed the parts raising issues to be resolved and the edited
advertisement put back on the air.
The issue was that the advertisement didn’t stress the fact that breast milk is the most nutritionally
beneficial option for a growing baby. Once this fact had been included in the advertisement the ASA
allowed it back on television.