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Pre-­‐Produc)on	
  Techniques	
  
LO1	
  
Robyn	
  &	
  Richard	
  
Finance	
  
	
  Self	
  Financed 	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  
	
  Self	
  financed	
  means	
  that	
  the	
  company	
  or	
  firm	
  responsible	
  for	
  genera)ng	
  the	
  project	
  uses	
  
its	
  own	
  income	
  to	
  support	
  the	
  proposed	
  idea.	
  An	
  example	
  of	
  this	
  would	
  be	
  a	
  wedding	
  
photographer	
  as	
  they	
  would	
  have	
  to	
  use	
  their	
  own	
  equipment	
  &	
  pay	
  to	
  get	
  themselves	
  
there.	
  	
  
Employer/Client	
  Financed 	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  
This	
  means	
  the	
  money	
  for	
  the	
  project	
  is	
  supplied	
  by	
  the	
  client,	
  this	
  could	
  be	
  before	
  the	
  
project	
  begins	
  or	
  at/towards	
  the	
  end.	
  An	
  example	
  of	
  this	
  would	
  be	
  an	
  author	
  working	
  
for	
  a	
  publishing	
  house	
  like	
  Penguin.	
  	
  
Kickstarter	
  
Kickstarter	
  is	
  a	
  website	
  based	
  solemnly	
  on	
  public	
  funds	
  for	
  ideas.	
  One	
  example	
  of	
  a	
  project	
  
which	
  has	
  been	
  successfully	
  funded	
  by	
  Kickstarter	
  is	
  the	
  Pebble	
  watch,	
  a	
  watch	
  synced	
  
to	
  your	
  phone	
  so	
  you	
  can	
  keep	
  track	
  of	
  your	
  runs,	
  get	
  up-­‐to-­‐date	
  no)fica)ons	
  on	
  your	
  
team	
  or	
  other	
  day	
  to	
  day	
  happenings.	
  An	
  American	
  idea	
  by	
  Eric	
  Migicovsky	
  which	
  was	
  
backed	
  by	
  68,929	
  people	
  who	
  all	
  together,	
  funded	
  a	
  total	
  of	
  $10,266,845	
  which	
  helped	
  
Eric	
  produce	
  his	
  idea.	
  This	
  is	
  a	
  useful	
  idea	
  if	
  neither	
  the	
  client	
  or	
  the	
  company	
  has	
  the	
  
sufficient	
  funds	
  to	
  generate	
  the	
  project	
  and	
  they	
  feel	
  as	
  if	
  the	
  project	
  or	
  idea	
  they	
  have	
  
will	
  be	
  useful	
  to	
  the	
  public	
  in	
  everyday	
  life.	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  	
  
Finance	
  
Which	
  source	
  of	
  funding	
  will	
  be	
  most	
  likely	
  for	
  your	
  produc>on	
  and	
  why?	
  	
  
The	
  source	
  of	
  funding	
  we	
  will	
  be	
  most	
  likely	
  to	
  use	
  is	
  the	
  client	
  financed	
  one.	
  We	
  will	
  be	
  
more	
  likely	
  to	
  use	
  this	
  as	
  this	
  is	
  the	
  more	
  reliable	
  way	
  to	
  do	
  it.	
  We	
  will	
  ask	
  for	
  a	
  sum	
  of	
  
money	
  from	
  the	
  client	
  to	
  help	
  put	
  us	
  on	
  the	
  way	
  to	
  create	
  their	
  idea	
  and	
  then,	
  if	
  the	
  
client	
  is	
  sa)sfied	
  with	
  what	
  we	
  have	
  produced,	
  we	
  will	
  ask	
  for	
  the	
  rest	
  of	
  the	
  money	
  
aWer	
  the	
  project	
  has	
  finished.	
  This	
  will	
  all	
  be	
  done	
  through	
  a	
  contractual	
  agreement.	
  
Advantages	
  	
  
An	
  advantage	
  of	
  this	
  is	
  that	
  we	
  will	
  get	
  funds	
  at	
  the	
  beginning	
  and	
  the	
  end	
  of	
  the	
  project	
  so	
  
if	
  we	
  do	
  the	
  job	
  correctly	
  and	
  the	
  client	
  is	
  sa)sfied,	
  we	
  should	
  earn	
  enough	
  money	
  to	
  
make	
  a	
  comfortable	
  profit.	
  Another	
  advantage	
  to	
  this	
  would	
  be	
  that	
  we	
  get	
  some	
  of	
  the	
  
money	
  beforehand,	
  which	
  allows	
  us	
  to	
  work	
  on	
  it	
  &	
  also	
  have	
  funds	
  to	
  pay	
  people.	
  	
  
Disadvantages	
  
A	
  disadvantage	
  of	
  this	
  could	
  be	
  that	
  we	
  will	
  not	
  get	
  all	
  the	
  money	
  at	
  the	
  end	
  of	
  the	
  project	
  
if	
  the	
  clients	
  are	
  not	
  sa)sfied	
  meaning	
  that	
  we	
  will	
  be	
  out	
  of	
  profit.	
  We	
  may	
  also	
  have	
  to	
  
give	
  the	
  money	
  back	
  that	
  was	
  given	
  to	
  us	
  at	
  the	
  beginning.	
  Also,	
  if	
  we	
  do	
  I	
  bad	
  job/
unsa)sfactory	
  job,	
  we	
  will	
  have	
  a	
  bad	
  reputa)on	
  	
  and	
  may	
  not	
  get	
  another	
  job.	
  	
  
Finance	
  
Explain	
  the	
  aspects	
  of	
  your	
  produc>on	
  that	
  could	
  require	
  finance.	
  
During	
  our	
  project,	
  lots	
  of	
  things	
  will	
  need	
  financing,	
  such	
  as	
  the	
  personnel	
  involved,	
  
for	
  example	
  the	
  crew	
  and	
  the	
  experts	
  needed.	
  As	
  we	
  are	
  doing	
  recipe	
  cards,	
  it	
  
could	
  be	
  a	
  possibility	
  that	
  we	
  need	
  to	
  photograph	
  the	
  food	
  we	
  are	
  focusing	
  on	
  so	
  
we	
  may	
  need	
  to	
  hire	
  someone	
  with	
  experience	
  of	
  photographing	
  food	
  and	
  to	
  
posi)on	
  it	
  an	
  aZrac)ve	
  manner.	
  Another	
  thing	
  that	
  could	
  require	
  funding	
  could	
  be	
  
the	
  hiring	
  of	
  a	
  loca)on	
  or	
  studio.	
  Different	
  audiences	
  e.g.	
  a	
  audience	
  with	
  a	
  high	
  
socioeconomic	
  rank	
  (ABC1)	
  would	
  require	
  a	
  difference	
  se`ng/loca)on	
  than	
  one	
  
with	
  a	
  lower	
  socioeconomic	
  rank	
  (C2DE).	
  If	
  we	
  choose	
  not	
  to	
  take	
  photographs	
  but	
  
find	
  the	
  images	
  we	
  need	
  of	
  the	
  internet,	
  it	
  is	
  a	
  high	
  possibility	
  that	
  these	
  would	
  be	
  
stock	
  images	
  –	
  meaning	
  we	
  would	
  also	
  have	
  to	
  pay	
  a	
  contribu)on	
  towards	
  the	
  
owner	
  of	
  the	
  pictures	
  planning	
  to	
  use.	
  The	
  client	
  also	
  wants	
  3000	
  of	
  each	
  recipe	
  
card	
  printed	
  off	
  so	
  this	
  would	
  also	
  need	
  to	
  be	
  funded	
  and	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  mass	
  of	
  things	
  
wan)ng	
  to	
  be	
  printed,	
  it	
  would	
  be	
  quite	
  expensive	
  (although	
  the	
  client	
  would	
  most	
  
likely	
  pay	
  for	
  the	
  prin)ng	
  of	
  the	
  product.	
  As	
  we	
  are	
  only	
  a	
  pair	
  working	
  on	
  the	
  
project	
  for	
  the	
  client,	
  the	
  prices	
  will	
  be	
  lower	
  than	
  if	
  we	
  were	
  to	
  hire	
  more	
  people	
  
to	
  do	
  the	
  jobs	
  we	
  are	
  capable	
  of.	
  	
  
Time	
  
What	
  methods	
  could	
  you	
  employ	
  to	
  ensure	
  you	
  s>ck	
  to	
  your	
  deadlines	
  and	
  why	
  	
  
would	
  this	
  be	
  beneficial	
  to	
  your	
  project?	
  	
  	
  
Using	
  examples	
  from	
  your	
  own	
  experiences	
  can	
  help	
  you	
  add	
  detail	
  here.	
  	
  
I	
  could	
  set	
  myself	
  really	
  strict	
  deadlines	
  that	
  I	
  must	
  complete,	
  I	
  will	
  give	
  myself	
  enough	
  
)me	
  plus	
  a	
  liZle	
  bit	
  more	
  in	
  case	
  something	
  goes	
  wrong	
  (con)ngency	
  )me)	
  for	
  
each	
  piece	
  of	
  work	
  otherwise	
  I	
  will	
  be	
  massively	
  held	
  back.	
  I	
  have	
  learnt	
  from	
  other	
  
projects	
  that	
  keeping	
  track	
  of	
  )me	
  and	
  deadlines	
  is	
  key	
  to	
  my	
  project.	
  If	
  )me	
  is	
  
took	
  for	
  granted,	
  the	
  product	
  could	
  lack	
  the	
  standard	
  it	
  could	
  have	
  if	
  the	
  correct	
  
)mings	
  were	
  took.	
  	
  
The	
  methods	
  I	
  will	
  use	
  to	
  ensure	
  I	
  s)ck	
  to	
  my	
  deadlines	
  include	
  using	
  a	
  schedule	
  which	
  
will	
  allow	
  me	
  to	
  see	
  visually	
  how	
  much	
  )me	
  I	
  have	
  to	
  do	
  a	
  certain	
  task.	
  Keeping	
  in	
  
contact	
  with	
  my	
  partner	
  will	
  also	
  help	
  me	
  to	
  know	
  how	
  much	
  )me	
  I	
  have	
  leW	
  and	
  if	
  
anything	
  has	
  gone	
  wrong	
  (communica)on).	
  	
  	
  
Time	
  
What	
  is	
  con>ngency	
  >me	
  and	
  how	
  might	
  this	
  be	
  beneficial	
  to	
  your	
  project?	
  
Considering	
  some	
  general	
  risks	
  to	
  your	
  project	
  could	
  help	
  you	
  give	
  a	
  more	
  detailed	
  
response.	
  	
  
A	
  con)ngency	
  plan	
  is	
  a	
  plan	
  devised	
  on	
  the	
  off	
  chance	
  that	
  an	
  unexpected	
  problem	
  
occurs	
  which	
  could	
  then	
  change	
  the	
  outcome	
  of	
  the	
  project.	
  An	
  example	
  of	
  this	
  is	
  
if	
  all	
  the	
  work	
  on	
  a	
  memory	
  s)ck	
  is	
  lost,	
  how	
  would	
  you	
  help	
  reduce	
  the	
  impact.	
  
This	
  could	
  be	
  by,	
  backing	
  the	
  work	
  up	
  onto	
  another	
  memory	
  s)ck	
  or	
  another	
  
memory	
  s)ck.	
  Another	
  example	
  of	
  this	
  is	
  if	
  we	
  choose	
  to	
  cook	
  the	
  recipe	
  we	
  are	
  
focusing	
  on	
  and	
  plan	
  to	
  photograph	
  but	
  the	
  food	
  goes	
  wrong	
  and	
  we	
  didn’t	
  plan	
  
for	
  that	
  to	
  happen,	
  this	
  could	
  be	
  solved	
  by	
  making	
  sure	
  we	
  planned	
  enough	
  )me	
  to	
  
re-­‐do	
  the	
  dish	
  in	
  case	
  of	
  a	
  disaster.	
  If	
  we	
  were	
  not	
  to	
  have	
  con)ngency	
  )me	
  (or	
  
give	
  ourselves	
  con)ngency	
  )me)	
  &	
  something	
  went	
  wrong,	
  we	
  would	
  not	
  be	
  able	
  
to	
  meet	
  our	
  deadline	
  &	
  we	
  would	
  then	
  not	
  be	
  paid	
  by	
  our	
  client.	
  	
  	
  	
  
Personnel	
  
What	
  size	
  team	
  will	
  you	
  use	
  for	
  your	
  produc>on	
  (large	
  or	
  small)?	
  How	
  many	
  people	
  	
  
will	
  you	
  have	
  in	
  your	
  team?	
  Consider	
  the	
  reasons	
  for	
  this.	
  Think	
  about	
  the	
  
advantages	
  and	
  disadvantages	
  of	
  your	
  team	
  size.	
  
Overall,	
  I	
  think	
  our	
  produc)on	
  team	
  will	
  be	
  a	
  medium	
  size	
  as	
  we	
  will	
  need	
  a	
  few	
  
people	
  for	
  the	
  several	
  job	
  roles	
  we	
  have,	
  such	
  as	
  the	
  photographer,	
  the	
  copy	
  writer	
  
and	
  the	
  graphic	
  designer.	
  I	
  think	
  having	
  a	
  medium	
  size	
  team	
  will	
  be	
  beZer	
  than	
  
having	
  a	
  bigger	
  team	
  as	
  it	
  will	
  cost	
  less	
  money	
  and	
  it	
  will	
  a	
  lot	
  easier	
  to	
  organise	
  
and	
  to	
  communicate	
  with	
  a	
  smaller	
  group	
  of	
  personnel.	
  A	
  disadvantage	
  of	
  this	
  is	
  
that	
  we	
  may	
  be	
  more	
  rushed	
  for	
  )me,	
  as	
  fewer	
  people	
  will	
  have	
  to	
  do	
  more	
  job	
  
roles	
  in	
  less	
  )me	
  which	
  may	
  not	
  work	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  it	
  would	
  with	
  a	
  bigger	
  group.	
  	
  
Personnel	
  
What	
  job	
  roles	
  would	
  you	
  have	
  in	
  your	
  produc>on	
  and	
  what	
  skills	
  and	
  experience	
  	
  
would	
  be	
  required?	
  Think	
  back	
  to	
  your	
  early	
  work	
  on	
  jobs	
  roles	
  and	
  departments	
  
and	
  also	
  the	
  skills	
  you	
  know	
  you	
  need	
  to	
  use	
  to	
  produce	
  work.	
  Drawing	
  on	
  your	
  own	
  
experience	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  your	
  industry	
  knowledge	
  will	
  help	
  you	
  here.	
  	
  	
  
We	
  will	
  have	
  three	
  main	
  job	
  roles	
  in	
  our	
  produc)on,	
  these	
  will	
  be	
  the	
  photographer,	
  
copy	
  writer	
  and	
  the	
  graphic	
  designer.	
  To	
  get	
  these	
  job	
  roles,	
  the	
  persons	
  wan)ng	
  
them	
  will	
  have	
  to	
  have	
  experience	
  dealing	
  with	
  a	
  similar	
  situa)on	
  and	
  should	
  be	
  
able	
  to	
  )me-­‐keep	
  well	
  and	
  should	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  work	
  to	
  a	
  high	
  standard	
  under	
  
pressure.	
  	
  
Personnel	
  
How	
  could	
  you	
  find	
  people	
  to	
  be	
  in	
  your	
  produc>on	
  team?	
  Think	
  back	
  to	
  your	
  own	
  
career	
  development	
  plans	
  to	
  help	
  you	
  with	
  this.	
  
To	
  find	
  people	
  to	
  be	
  a	
  part	
  of	
  produc)on	
  team,	
  I	
  could	
  you	
  sites	
  such	
  as	
  a	
  job	
  site	
  
specific	
  to	
  media	
  jobs	
  such	
  as	
  hZp://jobs.theguardian.com/jobs/media/	
  or	
  
hZp://www.mediauk.com/jobs.	
  These	
  sites	
  would	
  allow	
  me	
  to	
  find	
  people	
  to	
  do	
  
specific	
  jobs	
  to	
  produce	
  the	
  recipe	
  cards.	
  	
  
I	
  could	
  also	
  find	
  people	
  to	
  be	
  in	
  my	
  produc)on	
  staff	
  by	
  using	
  my	
  own	
  connec)ons	
  e.g.	
  
people	
  I	
  have	
  worked	
  with	
  beforehand	
  &	
  my	
  own	
  family	
  and	
  friends.	
  Making	
  these	
  
images,	
  I	
  will	
  be	
  working	
  with	
  a	
  peer	
  of	
  mine	
  in	
  the	
  same	
  course	
  as	
  myself.	
  	
  	
  
Facili)es	
  
List	
  the	
  equipment,	
  resources	
  and	
  facili)es	
  you	
  need	
  for	
  your	
  produc)on	
  and	
  its	
  source	
  
Equipment/Facility/Resources needed for
production	
  
College	
   Self	
   Client	
  
Camera	
  
Studio	
  
Mac	
  Computer	
  
Proposal	
  
Computer	
  	
  
Printer	
  
Kitchen	
  &	
  cooking	
  equipment	
  	
  
Contributors	
  
Contributor	
   Type of Contributor	
  
Team member	
   Expert	
  
Client	
   Expert	
  
Tutor	
   Expert	
  
Photographer of Sourced Images	
   Expert	
  
Model Talent	
  
Public Public	
  
Loca)ons	
  
What	
  method	
  could	
  you	
  employ	
  to	
  iden>fy	
  loca>ons	
  needed	
  for	
  your	
  produc>on	
  	
  
(produc>on/	
  post	
  produc>on	
  facili>es)	
  and	
  how	
  could	
  this	
  be	
  useful?	
  
One	
  way	
  I	
  could	
  use	
  to	
  find	
  loca)ons	
  for	
  the	
  produc)on	
  &	
  post	
  produc)on	
  facili)es	
  is	
  to	
  use	
  a	
  recce	
  
(loca)on	
  scout).	
  You	
  would	
  tell	
  them	
  what	
  you	
  are	
  looking	
  for	
  &	
  they	
  would	
  have	
  to	
  research	
  &	
  find	
  
the	
  loca)on.	
  There	
  are	
  complica)ons	
  when	
  trying	
  to	
  find	
  a	
  loca)on:	
  
•  Travel:	
  with	
  some	
  loca)ons,	
  you	
  would	
  have	
  to	
  travel.	
  This	
  can	
  be	
  a	
  problem	
  if	
  there	
  are	
  many	
  
people	
  working	
  on	
  site.	
  It	
  would	
  be	
  beZer	
  if	
  the	
  loca)on	
  was	
  closer	
  than	
  farther	
  away.	
  This	
  would	
  
cost	
  more	
  money.	
  	
  
•  Permission:	
  you	
  would	
  have	
  to	
  get	
  permission	
  to	
  use	
  the	
  loca)on	
  in	
  some	
  cases,	
  especially	
  if	
  the	
  
photographs	
  are	
  going	
  to	
  be	
  used	
  for	
  commercial	
  purposes	
  (like	
  the	
  recipe	
  cards	
  are).	
  	
  	
  
Loca)ons	
  for	
  post-­‐produc)on	
  would	
  be	
  the	
  facili)es	
  that	
  will	
  be	
  needed	
  to	
  edit	
  the	
  final	
  recipe	
  cards.	
  
This	
  would	
  usually	
  consist	
  of	
  using	
  a	
  Mac	
  computer	
  to	
  edit.	
  Finding	
  a	
  facility	
  to	
  do	
  this	
  (if	
  you	
  have	
  
not	
  got	
  one	
  of	
  your	
  own	
  could	
  be	
  costly	
  depending	
  on	
  how	
  many	
  people	
  will	
  be	
  edi)ng.	
  
During	
  the	
  produc)on	
  loca)ons	
  can	
  vary.	
  For	
  this	
  project,	
  the	
  produc)on	
  would	
  take	
  place	
  in	
  a	
  studio	
  (if	
  
I	
  was	
  to	
  take	
  the	
  photographs	
  for	
  the	
  recipe	
  cards.	
  If	
  I	
  was	
  not	
  to	
  take	
  the	
  photographs,	
  I	
  would	
  
expect	
  to	
  be	
  using	
  a	
  room	
  where	
  a	
  Mac	
  computer	
  is	
  readily	
  available.	
  	
  	
  
Loca)ons	
  
Are	
  there	
  any	
  limita)ons	
  or	
  risks	
  you	
  would	
  need	
  to	
  consider	
  for	
  your	
  loca)ons?	
  
Location	
   Limitation/Risk	
  
Studio	
   I	
  would	
  have	
  to	
  book	
  out	
  the	
  studio	
  to	
  take	
  the	
  photographs.	
  This	
  is	
  a	
  limita)on	
  as	
  a	
  may	
  not	
  be	
  able	
  to	
  book	
  the	
  
studio	
  when	
  needed.	
  There	
  are	
  also	
  risks	
  that	
  can	
  occur	
  when	
  using	
  a	
  studio	
  like	
  the	
  heavy	
  lights	
  falling	
  &	
  burns	
  
that	
  can	
  occur	
  from	
  touching	
  them.	
  	
  
Computer	
  room	
   I	
  would	
  not	
  always	
  have	
  access	
  to	
  the	
  computer	
  room	
  that	
  I	
  will	
  need	
  to	
  use	
  to	
  produce	
  my	
  work.	
  There	
  are	
  risks	
  
that	
  can	
  also	
  occur	
  when	
  using	
  a	
  computer	
  room	
  like	
  wires	
  on	
  the	
  floor	
  &	
  the	
  use	
  of	
  the	
  computers	
  (health	
  &	
  
safety	
  act).	
  
Kitchen	
  
Codes	
  of	
  Prac)ce	
  -­‐	
  Clearances	
  
What	
  is	
  a	
  model/loca>on	
  release	
  form	
  and	
  why	
  is	
  it	
  
important	
  to	
  your	
  produc>on?	
  
A	
  model	
  release	
  is	
  a	
  form	
  the	
  employer	
  must	
  get	
  signed	
  by	
  
the	
  model.	
  The	
  form	
  will	
  usually	
  feature	
  things	
  that	
  
need	
  to	
  be	
  cleared	
  e.g.	
  how	
  the	
  photographs	
  will	
  be	
  
used.	
  The	
  model	
  has	
  to	
  sign	
  this	
  to	
  legally	
  confirm	
  they	
  
know	
  what	
  is	
  happening	
  on	
  the	
  shoot.	
  
A	
  loca)on	
  release	
  form	
  has	
  to	
  be	
  signed	
  by	
  the	
  appropriate	
  
people	
  that	
  own	
  the	
  building.	
  It	
  will	
  reference	
  what	
  the	
  
project	
  will	
  feature	
  &	
  what	
  they	
  will	
  use	
  within	
  the	
  
loca)on.	
  	
  
A	
  release	
  form	
  is	
  so	
  important	
  due	
  to	
  legal	
  reasons.	
  If	
  you	
  do	
  
not	
  get	
  the	
  right	
  signatures	
  you	
  could	
  be	
  sued	
  my	
  the	
  
people	
  that	
  own	
  the	
  loca)on	
  or	
  the	
  model	
  featured	
  in	
  
the	
  photographs/media	
  product.	
  There	
  are	
  two	
  
examples	
  of	
  the	
  release	
  forms	
  to	
  the	
  right.	
  An	
  example	
  
of	
  a	
  model	
  release	
  form	
  not	
  sta)ng	
  how	
  the	
  images	
  
would	
  be	
  used	
  is	
  Louisa	
  Raske.	
  	
  She	
  sued	
  a	
  total	
  of	
  25	
  
agencies	
  (along	
  with	
  other	
  models)	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  fact	
  they	
  
resold	
  photographs	
  of	
  her	
  (and	
  others)	
  to	
  ad	
  agencies	
  
and	
  major	
  cosme)cs	
  companies	
  without	
  passing	
  along	
  
the	
  profits	
  form	
  the	
  reselling.	
  This	
  would	
  not	
  of	
  
happened	
  if	
  the	
  company	
  had	
  stated	
  in	
  the	
  model	
  
release	
  form	
  that	
  they	
  would	
  resell	
  &	
  reuse	
  the	
  images.	
  	
  
Codes	
  of	
  Prac)ce	
  -­‐	
  Legal	
  
What	
  legal	
  requirements	
  will	
  you	
  have	
  to	
  consider	
  in	
  your	
  project	
  and	
  what	
  aspects	
  do	
  they	
  	
  
relate	
  to?	
  
Aspect of Production	
   Legal Consideration	
  
Images	
   If	
  it	
  use	
  stock	
  photographs,	
  I	
  will	
  have	
  to	
  pay	
  for	
  the	
  use	
  of	
  the	
  
photographs	
  as	
  they	
  are	
  owned	
  by	
  the	
  photographer	
  who	
  took	
  them.	
  If	
  I	
  
used	
  them	
  without	
  their	
  permission,	
  I	
  would	
  be	
  breaking	
  the	
  copyright	
  
law.	
  	
  
Images	
   If	
  I	
  was	
  to	
  take	
  my	
  own	
  images,	
  I	
  would	
  have	
  to	
  make	
  sure	
  I	
  had	
  the	
  legal	
  
forms	
  (model	
  &	
  loca)on)	
  signed.	
  Some	
  companies	
  e.g.	
  McDonalds	
  have	
  
strict	
  guidelines	
  about	
  taking	
  photographs	
  in/outside	
  their	
  store.	
  I	
  would	
  
have	
  to	
  get	
  full	
  permission	
  before	
  taking	
  photographs	
  their.	
  	
  
Post-­‐produc)on	
   During	
  	
  post-­‐produc)on,	
  I	
  have	
  to	
  make	
  sure	
  my	
  colleagues	
  &	
  myself	
  are	
  
following	
  the	
  health	
  &	
  safety	
  at	
  work	
  legisla)on	
  put	
  in	
  place	
  by	
  the	
  
government	
  in	
  1974.	
  This	
  will	
  allow	
  the	
  produc)on	
  to	
  be	
  as	
  safe	
  as	
  
possible.	
  Par)cularly	
  when	
  using	
  electrical	
  equipment	
  during	
  post-­‐
produc)on.	
  	
  	
  	
  
Recipe	
  cards	
   When	
  making	
  the	
  recipe	
  cards,	
  we	
  will	
  have	
  to	
  gain	
  permission	
  from	
  the	
  
person	
  that	
  has	
  created	
  the	
  recipe,	
  otherwise	
  we	
  would	
  could	
  be	
  
breaking	
  a	
  copyright	
  law.	
  
The	
  final	
  product	
   My	
  recipe	
  cards,	
  once	
  finished,	
  must	
  comply	
  with	
  what	
  the	
  company	
  
wants	
  (what	
  was	
  said	
  in	
  the	
  contract)	
  from	
  us.	
  If	
  not,	
  we	
  have	
  broken	
  
the	
  contract.	
  	
  
Codes	
  of	
  Prac)ce	
  –	
  Regulatory	
  Bodies	
  
Which	
  regulatory	
  body’s	
  guidelines	
  would	
  you	
  need	
  to	
  follow	
  when	
  crea>ng	
  your	
  	
  
produc>on?	
  Where	
  could	
  you	
  source	
  that	
  informa>on	
  from.	
  Be	
  specific.	
  
When	
  producing	
  the	
  recipes	
  for	
  the	
  eight	
  recipe	
  cards	
  we	
  will	
  create	
  we	
  will	
  have	
  to	
  
make	
  sure	
  we	
  are	
  complying	
  with	
  some	
  regulatory	
  bodies	
  such	
  as	
  the	
  food	
  safety	
  
act	
  of	
  1990.	
  It	
  has	
  to	
  comply	
  with	
  such	
  rules	
  because	
  the	
  recipes	
  include	
  the	
  use	
  of	
  
foods.	
  The	
  safety	
  act	
  includes	
  things	
  such	
  as	
  if	
  the	
  recipes	
  are	
  aimed	
  at	
  kids	
  &	
  also	
  
the	
  food	
  must	
  not	
  falsely	
  described	
  or	
  presented	
  (in	
  the	
  images).	
  An	
  example	
  of	
  
this	
  would	
  be	
  when	
  a	
  restaurant	
  use	
  photographs	
  of	
  food	
  that	
  did	
  not	
  look	
  like	
  the	
  
actual	
  product	
  that	
  you	
  would	
  get.	
  	
  
The	
  ASA	
  (adver)sing	
  standards	
  agency)	
  also	
  has	
  legisla)on	
  that	
  I	
  would	
  have	
  to	
  follow	
  
when	
  producing	
  the	
  recipe	
  cards.	
  This	
  is	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  fact	
  that	
  the	
  recipe	
  cards	
  are	
  
vegetarian	
  recipes,	
  in	
  a	
  way,	
  they	
  are	
  promo)ng	
  being	
  a	
  vegetarian.	
  	
  	
  	
  

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Pre production techniques pro-forma richard -2

  • 1. Pre-­‐Produc)on  Techniques   LO1   Robyn  &  Richard  
  • 2. Finance    Self  Financed                Self  financed  means  that  the  company  or  firm  responsible  for  genera)ng  the  project  uses   its  own  income  to  support  the  proposed  idea.  An  example  of  this  would  be  a  wedding   photographer  as  they  would  have  to  use  their  own  equipment  &  pay  to  get  themselves   there.     Employer/Client  Financed             This  means  the  money  for  the  project  is  supplied  by  the  client,  this  could  be  before  the   project  begins  or  at/towards  the  end.  An  example  of  this  would  be  an  author  working   for  a  publishing  house  like  Penguin.     Kickstarter   Kickstarter  is  a  website  based  solemnly  on  public  funds  for  ideas.  One  example  of  a  project   which  has  been  successfully  funded  by  Kickstarter  is  the  Pebble  watch,  a  watch  synced   to  your  phone  so  you  can  keep  track  of  your  runs,  get  up-­‐to-­‐date  no)fica)ons  on  your   team  or  other  day  to  day  happenings.  An  American  idea  by  Eric  Migicovsky  which  was   backed  by  68,929  people  who  all  together,  funded  a  total  of  $10,266,845  which  helped   Eric  produce  his  idea.  This  is  a  useful  idea  if  neither  the  client  or  the  company  has  the   sufficient  funds  to  generate  the  project  and  they  feel  as  if  the  project  or  idea  they  have   will  be  useful  to  the  public  in  everyday  life.            
  • 3. Finance   Which  source  of  funding  will  be  most  likely  for  your  produc>on  and  why?     The  source  of  funding  we  will  be  most  likely  to  use  is  the  client  financed  one.  We  will  be   more  likely  to  use  this  as  this  is  the  more  reliable  way  to  do  it.  We  will  ask  for  a  sum  of   money  from  the  client  to  help  put  us  on  the  way  to  create  their  idea  and  then,  if  the   client  is  sa)sfied  with  what  we  have  produced,  we  will  ask  for  the  rest  of  the  money   aWer  the  project  has  finished.  This  will  all  be  done  through  a  contractual  agreement.   Advantages     An  advantage  of  this  is  that  we  will  get  funds  at  the  beginning  and  the  end  of  the  project  so   if  we  do  the  job  correctly  and  the  client  is  sa)sfied,  we  should  earn  enough  money  to   make  a  comfortable  profit.  Another  advantage  to  this  would  be  that  we  get  some  of  the   money  beforehand,  which  allows  us  to  work  on  it  &  also  have  funds  to  pay  people.     Disadvantages   A  disadvantage  of  this  could  be  that  we  will  not  get  all  the  money  at  the  end  of  the  project   if  the  clients  are  not  sa)sfied  meaning  that  we  will  be  out  of  profit.  We  may  also  have  to   give  the  money  back  that  was  given  to  us  at  the  beginning.  Also,  if  we  do  I  bad  job/ unsa)sfactory  job,  we  will  have  a  bad  reputa)on    and  may  not  get  another  job.    
  • 4. Finance   Explain  the  aspects  of  your  produc>on  that  could  require  finance.   During  our  project,  lots  of  things  will  need  financing,  such  as  the  personnel  involved,   for  example  the  crew  and  the  experts  needed.  As  we  are  doing  recipe  cards,  it   could  be  a  possibility  that  we  need  to  photograph  the  food  we  are  focusing  on  so   we  may  need  to  hire  someone  with  experience  of  photographing  food  and  to   posi)on  it  an  aZrac)ve  manner.  Another  thing  that  could  require  funding  could  be   the  hiring  of  a  loca)on  or  studio.  Different  audiences  e.g.  a  audience  with  a  high   socioeconomic  rank  (ABC1)  would  require  a  difference  se`ng/loca)on  than  one   with  a  lower  socioeconomic  rank  (C2DE).  If  we  choose  not  to  take  photographs  but   find  the  images  we  need  of  the  internet,  it  is  a  high  possibility  that  these  would  be   stock  images  –  meaning  we  would  also  have  to  pay  a  contribu)on  towards  the   owner  of  the  pictures  planning  to  use.  The  client  also  wants  3000  of  each  recipe   card  printed  off  so  this  would  also  need  to  be  funded  and  due  to  the  mass  of  things   wan)ng  to  be  printed,  it  would  be  quite  expensive  (although  the  client  would  most   likely  pay  for  the  prin)ng  of  the  product.  As  we  are  only  a  pair  working  on  the   project  for  the  client,  the  prices  will  be  lower  than  if  we  were  to  hire  more  people   to  do  the  jobs  we  are  capable  of.    
  • 5. Time   What  methods  could  you  employ  to  ensure  you  s>ck  to  your  deadlines  and  why     would  this  be  beneficial  to  your  project?       Using  examples  from  your  own  experiences  can  help  you  add  detail  here.     I  could  set  myself  really  strict  deadlines  that  I  must  complete,  I  will  give  myself  enough   )me  plus  a  liZle  bit  more  in  case  something  goes  wrong  (con)ngency  )me)  for   each  piece  of  work  otherwise  I  will  be  massively  held  back.  I  have  learnt  from  other   projects  that  keeping  track  of  )me  and  deadlines  is  key  to  my  project.  If  )me  is   took  for  granted,  the  product  could  lack  the  standard  it  could  have  if  the  correct   )mings  were  took.     The  methods  I  will  use  to  ensure  I  s)ck  to  my  deadlines  include  using  a  schedule  which   will  allow  me  to  see  visually  how  much  )me  I  have  to  do  a  certain  task.  Keeping  in   contact  with  my  partner  will  also  help  me  to  know  how  much  )me  I  have  leW  and  if   anything  has  gone  wrong  (communica)on).      
  • 6. Time   What  is  con>ngency  >me  and  how  might  this  be  beneficial  to  your  project?   Considering  some  general  risks  to  your  project  could  help  you  give  a  more  detailed   response.     A  con)ngency  plan  is  a  plan  devised  on  the  off  chance  that  an  unexpected  problem   occurs  which  could  then  change  the  outcome  of  the  project.  An  example  of  this  is   if  all  the  work  on  a  memory  s)ck  is  lost,  how  would  you  help  reduce  the  impact.   This  could  be  by,  backing  the  work  up  onto  another  memory  s)ck  or  another   memory  s)ck.  Another  example  of  this  is  if  we  choose  to  cook  the  recipe  we  are   focusing  on  and  plan  to  photograph  but  the  food  goes  wrong  and  we  didn’t  plan   for  that  to  happen,  this  could  be  solved  by  making  sure  we  planned  enough  )me  to   re-­‐do  the  dish  in  case  of  a  disaster.  If  we  were  not  to  have  con)ngency  )me  (or   give  ourselves  con)ngency  )me)  &  something  went  wrong,  we  would  not  be  able   to  meet  our  deadline  &  we  would  then  not  be  paid  by  our  client.        
  • 7. Personnel   What  size  team  will  you  use  for  your  produc>on  (large  or  small)?  How  many  people     will  you  have  in  your  team?  Consider  the  reasons  for  this.  Think  about  the   advantages  and  disadvantages  of  your  team  size.   Overall,  I  think  our  produc)on  team  will  be  a  medium  size  as  we  will  need  a  few   people  for  the  several  job  roles  we  have,  such  as  the  photographer,  the  copy  writer   and  the  graphic  designer.  I  think  having  a  medium  size  team  will  be  beZer  than   having  a  bigger  team  as  it  will  cost  less  money  and  it  will  a  lot  easier  to  organise   and  to  communicate  with  a  smaller  group  of  personnel.  A  disadvantage  of  this  is   that  we  may  be  more  rushed  for  )me,  as  fewer  people  will  have  to  do  more  job   roles  in  less  )me  which  may  not  work  as  well  as  it  would  with  a  bigger  group.    
  • 8. Personnel   What  job  roles  would  you  have  in  your  produc>on  and  what  skills  and  experience     would  be  required?  Think  back  to  your  early  work  on  jobs  roles  and  departments   and  also  the  skills  you  know  you  need  to  use  to  produce  work.  Drawing  on  your  own   experience  as  well  as  your  industry  knowledge  will  help  you  here.       We  will  have  three  main  job  roles  in  our  produc)on,  these  will  be  the  photographer,   copy  writer  and  the  graphic  designer.  To  get  these  job  roles,  the  persons  wan)ng   them  will  have  to  have  experience  dealing  with  a  similar  situa)on  and  should  be   able  to  )me-­‐keep  well  and  should  be  able  to  work  to  a  high  standard  under   pressure.    
  • 9. Personnel   How  could  you  find  people  to  be  in  your  produc>on  team?  Think  back  to  your  own   career  development  plans  to  help  you  with  this.   To  find  people  to  be  a  part  of  produc)on  team,  I  could  you  sites  such  as  a  job  site   specific  to  media  jobs  such  as  hZp://jobs.theguardian.com/jobs/media/  or   hZp://www.mediauk.com/jobs.  These  sites  would  allow  me  to  find  people  to  do   specific  jobs  to  produce  the  recipe  cards.     I  could  also  find  people  to  be  in  my  produc)on  staff  by  using  my  own  connec)ons  e.g.   people  I  have  worked  with  beforehand  &  my  own  family  and  friends.  Making  these   images,  I  will  be  working  with  a  peer  of  mine  in  the  same  course  as  myself.      
  • 10. Facili)es   List  the  equipment,  resources  and  facili)es  you  need  for  your  produc)on  and  its  source   Equipment/Facility/Resources needed for production   College   Self   Client   Camera   Studio   Mac  Computer   Proposal   Computer     Printer   Kitchen  &  cooking  equipment    
  • 11. Contributors   Contributor   Type of Contributor   Team member   Expert   Client   Expert   Tutor   Expert   Photographer of Sourced Images   Expert   Model Talent   Public Public  
  • 12. Loca)ons   What  method  could  you  employ  to  iden>fy  loca>ons  needed  for  your  produc>on     (produc>on/  post  produc>on  facili>es)  and  how  could  this  be  useful?   One  way  I  could  use  to  find  loca)ons  for  the  produc)on  &  post  produc)on  facili)es  is  to  use  a  recce   (loca)on  scout).  You  would  tell  them  what  you  are  looking  for  &  they  would  have  to  research  &  find   the  loca)on.  There  are  complica)ons  when  trying  to  find  a  loca)on:   •  Travel:  with  some  loca)ons,  you  would  have  to  travel.  This  can  be  a  problem  if  there  are  many   people  working  on  site.  It  would  be  beZer  if  the  loca)on  was  closer  than  farther  away.  This  would   cost  more  money.     •  Permission:  you  would  have  to  get  permission  to  use  the  loca)on  in  some  cases,  especially  if  the   photographs  are  going  to  be  used  for  commercial  purposes  (like  the  recipe  cards  are).       Loca)ons  for  post-­‐produc)on  would  be  the  facili)es  that  will  be  needed  to  edit  the  final  recipe  cards.   This  would  usually  consist  of  using  a  Mac  computer  to  edit.  Finding  a  facility  to  do  this  (if  you  have   not  got  one  of  your  own  could  be  costly  depending  on  how  many  people  will  be  edi)ng.   During  the  produc)on  loca)ons  can  vary.  For  this  project,  the  produc)on  would  take  place  in  a  studio  (if   I  was  to  take  the  photographs  for  the  recipe  cards.  If  I  was  not  to  take  the  photographs,  I  would   expect  to  be  using  a  room  where  a  Mac  computer  is  readily  available.      
  • 13. Loca)ons   Are  there  any  limita)ons  or  risks  you  would  need  to  consider  for  your  loca)ons?   Location   Limitation/Risk   Studio   I  would  have  to  book  out  the  studio  to  take  the  photographs.  This  is  a  limita)on  as  a  may  not  be  able  to  book  the   studio  when  needed.  There  are  also  risks  that  can  occur  when  using  a  studio  like  the  heavy  lights  falling  &  burns   that  can  occur  from  touching  them.     Computer  room   I  would  not  always  have  access  to  the  computer  room  that  I  will  need  to  use  to  produce  my  work.  There  are  risks   that  can  also  occur  when  using  a  computer  room  like  wires  on  the  floor  &  the  use  of  the  computers  (health  &   safety  act).   Kitchen  
  • 14. Codes  of  Prac)ce  -­‐  Clearances   What  is  a  model/loca>on  release  form  and  why  is  it   important  to  your  produc>on?   A  model  release  is  a  form  the  employer  must  get  signed  by   the  model.  The  form  will  usually  feature  things  that   need  to  be  cleared  e.g.  how  the  photographs  will  be   used.  The  model  has  to  sign  this  to  legally  confirm  they   know  what  is  happening  on  the  shoot.   A  loca)on  release  form  has  to  be  signed  by  the  appropriate   people  that  own  the  building.  It  will  reference  what  the   project  will  feature  &  what  they  will  use  within  the   loca)on.     A  release  form  is  so  important  due  to  legal  reasons.  If  you  do   not  get  the  right  signatures  you  could  be  sued  my  the   people  that  own  the  loca)on  or  the  model  featured  in   the  photographs/media  product.  There  are  two   examples  of  the  release  forms  to  the  right.  An  example   of  a  model  release  form  not  sta)ng  how  the  images   would  be  used  is  Louisa  Raske.    She  sued  a  total  of  25   agencies  (along  with  other  models)  due  to  the  fact  they   resold  photographs  of  her  (and  others)  to  ad  agencies   and  major  cosme)cs  companies  without  passing  along   the  profits  form  the  reselling.  This  would  not  of   happened  if  the  company  had  stated  in  the  model   release  form  that  they  would  resell  &  reuse  the  images.    
  • 15. Codes  of  Prac)ce  -­‐  Legal   What  legal  requirements  will  you  have  to  consider  in  your  project  and  what  aspects  do  they     relate  to?   Aspect of Production   Legal Consideration   Images   If  it  use  stock  photographs,  I  will  have  to  pay  for  the  use  of  the   photographs  as  they  are  owned  by  the  photographer  who  took  them.  If  I   used  them  without  their  permission,  I  would  be  breaking  the  copyright   law.     Images   If  I  was  to  take  my  own  images,  I  would  have  to  make  sure  I  had  the  legal   forms  (model  &  loca)on)  signed.  Some  companies  e.g.  McDonalds  have   strict  guidelines  about  taking  photographs  in/outside  their  store.  I  would   have  to  get  full  permission  before  taking  photographs  their.     Post-­‐produc)on   During    post-­‐produc)on,  I  have  to  make  sure  my  colleagues  &  myself  are   following  the  health  &  safety  at  work  legisla)on  put  in  place  by  the   government  in  1974.  This  will  allow  the  produc)on  to  be  as  safe  as   possible.  Par)cularly  when  using  electrical  equipment  during  post-­‐ produc)on.         Recipe  cards   When  making  the  recipe  cards,  we  will  have  to  gain  permission  from  the   person  that  has  created  the  recipe,  otherwise  we  would  could  be   breaking  a  copyright  law.   The  final  product   My  recipe  cards,  once  finished,  must  comply  with  what  the  company   wants  (what  was  said  in  the  contract)  from  us.  If  not,  we  have  broken   the  contract.    
  • 16. Codes  of  Prac)ce  –  Regulatory  Bodies   Which  regulatory  body’s  guidelines  would  you  need  to  follow  when  crea>ng  your     produc>on?  Where  could  you  source  that  informa>on  from.  Be  specific.   When  producing  the  recipes  for  the  eight  recipe  cards  we  will  create  we  will  have  to   make  sure  we  are  complying  with  some  regulatory  bodies  such  as  the  food  safety   act  of  1990.  It  has  to  comply  with  such  rules  because  the  recipes  include  the  use  of   foods.  The  safety  act  includes  things  such  as  if  the  recipes  are  aimed  at  kids  &  also   the  food  must  not  falsely  described  or  presented  (in  the  images).  An  example  of   this  would  be  when  a  restaurant  use  photographs  of  food  that  did  not  look  like  the   actual  product  that  you  would  get.     The  ASA  (adver)sing  standards  agency)  also  has  legisla)on  that  I  would  have  to  follow   when  producing  the  recipe  cards.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  recipe  cards  are   vegetarian  recipes,  in  a  way,  they  are  promo)ng  being  a  vegetarian.