Hemolytic anemias are caused by increased red blood cell destruction. They are characterized by normochromic, normocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, increased indirect bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase. Causes include membrane defects, metabolic abnormalities, hemoglobinopathies, immune reactions, and extravascular hemolysis from mechanical, infectious, or chemical damage. Evaluation involves testing for haptoglobin, hemoglobinuria, and hemoglobinemia, with specific diagnoses made through genetic testing, enzyme assays, antibody screening, and the Coombs test. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause and supporting red blood cell production.