In chemical industries two phase flow is a process necessity. A better understanding of the rates of momentum and heat transfer in multi-phase flow conditions is important for the optimal design of the heat exchanger. To simplify the complexities in design, heat transfer coefficient correlations are useful. In this work a heat transfer correlation for non- boiling air-water flow with stratified flow pattern in horizontal circular pipe is proposed. To verify the correlation, heat transfer coefficients and flow parameters were measured at different combinations of air and water flow rates. The superficial Reynolds numbers ranged from about 2720 to 5740 for water and from about 563 to 1120 for air. These experimental data were successfully correlated by the proposed two-phase heat transfer correlation. It is observed that superficial.
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer in Helical CoilIRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of heat transfer in a helical coil. The study aims to analyze the effect of coil diameter and inlet steam temperature on the heat transfer coefficient. CFD simulations are conducted for helical coils of different diameters with varying inlet steam temperatures and water flow rates. Results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing inlet steam temperature. Prior research on heat transfer in helical coils is also reviewed, focusing on studies utilizing CFD to analyze parameters like coil diameter, pitch, curvature ratio, and Reynolds number. The CFD methodology and boundary conditions used in this study are described. Contour plots of the simulated surface heat transfer coefficient are presented and discussed.
An experimental study of heat transfer in a corrugated plate heat exchangerIAEME Publication
1. The document discusses an experimental study of heat transfer in a corrugated plate heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted to analyze heat transfer characteristics for different flow arrangements of hot and cold fluids through the heat exchanger.
2. The effectiveness and exergy loss of the heat exchanger were calculated for parallel and counter flow arrangements. The average effectiveness was found to be 48% higher and exergy loss 33% lower in the counter flow arrangement compared to the parallel flow arrangement.
3. Maximum heat transfer was observed at the highest hot fluid inlet temperature of 70°C, being 5% greater in the parallel flow arrangement. However, the non-dimensional exergy loss and log mean temperature difference were both lower in the
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe-inPipe Helical Coiled...iosrjce
This document presents a numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in pipe-in-pipe helical coiled heat exchangers. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze the effect of varying parameters like inner tube diameter, mass flow rates, and flow configuration (parallel vs. counter flow). The results show that overall heat transfer coefficients increase with increasing inner Dean number and mass flow rates. Heat transfer rates also increase with higher inner mass flow rates. Counter flow configuration provides better heat transfer than parallel flow. Increasing the inner tube size decreases the total heat transfer rate due to a reduction in annulus cross-sectional area. Measured inner Nusselt numbers agree reasonably well with existing correlations.
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Numerical Analysis of Header Configuration of the Plate-Fin Heat ExchangerIJMER
Numerical analysis of a plate fin heat exchanger accounting for the effect of fluid flow
maldistribution onthe inlet header configuration of the heat exchanger is investigated. In this analysis , it
was found that flow maldistribution has effect on the flow perpendicular to its velocity direction. The peak
velocity occurs in the central zone of the header while the velocityalong the perpendicular direction of the
inlet flow diminishes more and more. By this investigation,the results of the flow maldistribution are
presented for a plate fin heat exchangerwhich is reduced as compare to theexisting configuration of the
plate fin heat exchanger.
Experimental investigation of performance of plate heat exchanger for water a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Compact heat exchangers are most widely used for heat transfer applications in industries. Plate heat exchanger is one such compact heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer between two fluids in comparison with shell and tube heat exchanger. Plate type heat exchangers are widely used for liquid-to-liquid heat transfer applications with high density working fluids. This study is focused on use of plate type heat exchanger for water as a working fluid. This research work deals with experimental investigation of plate type heat exchanger with evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient, exchanger effectiveness. The heat exchanger used for carrying out this work consists of thin metal welded plates of stainless steel with 1mm thickness, rectangular geometry and distance between two plates is 7mm. This test setup consists of total 16 numbers of plates and it is designed to withstand with 850C temperature, pressure drop is neglected. Tests are conducted by varying operating parameters like mass flow rate, inlet temperatures of hot water. The main objective of this work is to find effects of these parameters on performance of plate heat exchanger with parallel flow arrangement. Results show that, overall heat transfer coefficient and convective heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in mass flow rate and Reynolds number. Also the effectiveness varies slightly with heat capacity ratio. In this study, maximum effectiveness achieved for plate heat exchanger with water as a working fluid is 0.48.Use of plate heat exchanger is more advantageous than the tube type heat exchanger with same effectiveness, as it occupies less space.
Keywords: Plate heat exchanger, Convective heat transfer coefficient, Effectiveness, Overall heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds number.
IRJET- Heat Transfer Studies of Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger using OilIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on heat transfer in corrugated plate heat exchangers using oil as the heat transfer fluid. Three corrugated plate heat exchangers with angles of 30°, 40°, and 50° were experimentally tested and compared to a flat plate heat exchanger. The heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number increased with increasing Reynolds number and corrugation angle. The 50° corrugation angle achieved the highest heat transfer rates, representing a 40% increase over the 30° angle. Using oil as the fluid resulted in slightly higher heat transfer compared to previous studies using water. The experimental results agreed with previous CFD analyses showing improved performance of corrugated plates over flat plates.
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract The corrugated plate heat exchangers are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sinusoidal plate heat exchangers are one of the types of corrugated plate heat exchanger. Limited research work has been carried out in this type of plate heat exchanger. In the present investigation, experimental studies have been carried out in a sinusoidal corrugated plate heat exchanger with water as the test fluid. The plate heat exchanger is fabricated with two stainless steel sheets having a thickness of 1 mm forming a test channel with a clearance of 5 mm and of length 30cm. 3 such plate heat exchangers have been fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40 and 50 degrees. It has been observed from the experimental results that the corrugation angle is mainly affecting the pressure drop and the friction factor. As the corrugation angle is increases, the pressure drop of the fluid is found to increase, which results in decrease in friction factor. These observations have been discussed in the paper. Keywords: sinusoidal plate heat exchanger, corrugation angle, pressure drop, and friction factor
-
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer in Helical CoilIRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of heat transfer in a helical coil. The study aims to analyze the effect of coil diameter and inlet steam temperature on the heat transfer coefficient. CFD simulations are conducted for helical coils of different diameters with varying inlet steam temperatures and water flow rates. Results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing inlet steam temperature. Prior research on heat transfer in helical coils is also reviewed, focusing on studies utilizing CFD to analyze parameters like coil diameter, pitch, curvature ratio, and Reynolds number. The CFD methodology and boundary conditions used in this study are described. Contour plots of the simulated surface heat transfer coefficient are presented and discussed.
An experimental study of heat transfer in a corrugated plate heat exchangerIAEME Publication
1. The document discusses an experimental study of heat transfer in a corrugated plate heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted to analyze heat transfer characteristics for different flow arrangements of hot and cold fluids through the heat exchanger.
2. The effectiveness and exergy loss of the heat exchanger were calculated for parallel and counter flow arrangements. The average effectiveness was found to be 48% higher and exergy loss 33% lower in the counter flow arrangement compared to the parallel flow arrangement.
3. Maximum heat transfer was observed at the highest hot fluid inlet temperature of 70°C, being 5% greater in the parallel flow arrangement. However, the non-dimensional exergy loss and log mean temperature difference were both lower in the
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe-inPipe Helical Coiled...iosrjce
This document presents a numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in pipe-in-pipe helical coiled heat exchangers. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze the effect of varying parameters like inner tube diameter, mass flow rates, and flow configuration (parallel vs. counter flow). The results show that overall heat transfer coefficients increase with increasing inner Dean number and mass flow rates. Heat transfer rates also increase with higher inner mass flow rates. Counter flow configuration provides better heat transfer than parallel flow. Increasing the inner tube size decreases the total heat transfer rate due to a reduction in annulus cross-sectional area. Measured inner Nusselt numbers agree reasonably well with existing correlations.
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Numerical Analysis of Header Configuration of the Plate-Fin Heat ExchangerIJMER
Numerical analysis of a plate fin heat exchanger accounting for the effect of fluid flow
maldistribution onthe inlet header configuration of the heat exchanger is investigated. In this analysis , it
was found that flow maldistribution has effect on the flow perpendicular to its velocity direction. The peak
velocity occurs in the central zone of the header while the velocityalong the perpendicular direction of the
inlet flow diminishes more and more. By this investigation,the results of the flow maldistribution are
presented for a plate fin heat exchangerwhich is reduced as compare to theexisting configuration of the
plate fin heat exchanger.
Experimental investigation of performance of plate heat exchanger for water a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Compact heat exchangers are most widely used for heat transfer applications in industries. Plate heat exchanger is one such compact heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer between two fluids in comparison with shell and tube heat exchanger. Plate type heat exchangers are widely used for liquid-to-liquid heat transfer applications with high density working fluids. This study is focused on use of plate type heat exchanger for water as a working fluid. This research work deals with experimental investigation of plate type heat exchanger with evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient, exchanger effectiveness. The heat exchanger used for carrying out this work consists of thin metal welded plates of stainless steel with 1mm thickness, rectangular geometry and distance between two plates is 7mm. This test setup consists of total 16 numbers of plates and it is designed to withstand with 850C temperature, pressure drop is neglected. Tests are conducted by varying operating parameters like mass flow rate, inlet temperatures of hot water. The main objective of this work is to find effects of these parameters on performance of plate heat exchanger with parallel flow arrangement. Results show that, overall heat transfer coefficient and convective heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in mass flow rate and Reynolds number. Also the effectiveness varies slightly with heat capacity ratio. In this study, maximum effectiveness achieved for plate heat exchanger with water as a working fluid is 0.48.Use of plate heat exchanger is more advantageous than the tube type heat exchanger with same effectiveness, as it occupies less space.
Keywords: Plate heat exchanger, Convective heat transfer coefficient, Effectiveness, Overall heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds number.
IRJET- Heat Transfer Studies of Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger using OilIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on heat transfer in corrugated plate heat exchangers using oil as the heat transfer fluid. Three corrugated plate heat exchangers with angles of 30°, 40°, and 50° were experimentally tested and compared to a flat plate heat exchanger. The heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number increased with increasing Reynolds number and corrugation angle. The 50° corrugation angle achieved the highest heat transfer rates, representing a 40% increase over the 30° angle. Using oil as the fluid resulted in slightly higher heat transfer compared to previous studies using water. The experimental results agreed with previous CFD analyses showing improved performance of corrugated plates over flat plates.
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract The corrugated plate heat exchangers are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sinusoidal plate heat exchangers are one of the types of corrugated plate heat exchanger. Limited research work has been carried out in this type of plate heat exchanger. In the present investigation, experimental studies have been carried out in a sinusoidal corrugated plate heat exchanger with water as the test fluid. The plate heat exchanger is fabricated with two stainless steel sheets having a thickness of 1 mm forming a test channel with a clearance of 5 mm and of length 30cm. 3 such plate heat exchangers have been fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40 and 50 degrees. It has been observed from the experimental results that the corrugation angle is mainly affecting the pressure drop and the friction factor. As the corrugation angle is increases, the pressure drop of the fluid is found to increase, which results in decrease in friction factor. These observations have been discussed in the paper. Keywords: sinusoidal plate heat exchanger, corrugation angle, pressure drop, and friction factor
-
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger ef...eSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger with varying corrugation angles. Three plate heat exchangers were fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40, and 50 degrees. Experiments with water flow showed that pressure drop and friction factor are affected by the corrugation angle. Pressure drop increased linearly with Reynolds number and was highest for the 50 degree angle. Friction factor decreased linearly with Reynolds number on a logarithmic scale and was lowest for the 50 degree angle. The results indicate that higher corrugation angles induce more turbulence, increasing pressure drop but decreasing friction factor.
CFD Simulation and Analysis of Fluid Flow Parameters within a Y-Shaped Branch...IOSR Journals
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and analysis of fluid flow parameters within a Y-shaped branched pipe. The study models a Y-shaped pipe branch with three 1-inch diameter pipes of equal length and analyzes flow at bend angles of 45°, 60°, 90°, and 180° using ANSYS CFX software. The results show that the resistance coefficient, which indicates pressure loss, increases with bend angle from 45° to 90° but then decreases at 180° due to flow redistributing with less resistance. In conclusion, the CFD analysis validates the practical application of a Y-pipe at a 45° bend angle which results in a resistance coefficient of zero.
Experimental Study on Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Rectangular Minichannel wi...IJERA Editor
An experimental study was conducted to investigate two-phase air-water flow characteristics, in horizontal
rectangular minichannel with Y-junction. The width (W), the height (H) and the hydraulic diameter (DH) of the
rectangular cross section for the upstream side of the junction are 4.60 mm, 2.50 mm and 3.24 mm, while those
for the downstream side are 2.36 mm, 2.50 mm and 2.43 mm. The entire test section was machined from
transparent acrylic block, so that the flow structure could be visualized. Liquid single-phase and air-liquid twophase
flow experiments were conducted at room temperature. The flow pattern, the bubble velocity, the bubble
length, and the void fraction were measured with a high-speed video camera. Pressure profile upstream and
downstream from the junction was also measured for the respective flows, and the pressure loss due to the
contraction at the junction was determined from the pressure profiles. Two flow patterns, i.e., slug and annular
flows, were observed in the fully-developed region apart from the junction. In the analysis, the frictional pressure
drop data, the two-phase frictional multiplier data, bubble velocity data, bubble length data and void fraction data
were compared with calculations by some correlations in literatures. In addition, new pressure loss coefficient
correlations for the pressure drop at the junction has been proposed. Results of such experiment and analysis are
described in the present paper.
Comparative Study of ECONOMISER Using the CFD Analysis IJMER
This paper presents a simulation of the economizer zone, which allowsstudying the flow
patterns developed in the fluid, while it flows along the length of the economizer. The past failure
details revelsthat erosion is more in U-bend areas of Economizer Unit because of increase in flue gas
velocity near these bends. But it isobserved that the velocity of flue gases surprisingly increases near
the lower bends as compared to upper ones. The model issolved using conventional CFD techniques by
FLUENT software. In which the individual tubes are treated as sub-gridfeatures. A geometrical model
is used to describe the multiplicity of heat-exchanging structures and the interconnectionsamong them.
The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach is utilised for the creation of a three-dimensional
modelof the economizer coil of single column tube. With equilibrium assumption applied for
description of the system chemistry. The flue gastemperature, pressure and velocity field of fluid flow
within an economizer tube using the actual bounda
Introduction to Air Distribution Systems, Fluid Mechanics—A Brief Review, Air Duct Sizing—Special Design Considerations, Minor Head Loss in a Run of Pipe or Duct , Minor Losses in the Design of Air Duct Systems—Equal Friction Method, Fans—Brief Overview and Selection Procedures
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed heat transfer in an economizer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It discussed how fins can be added to economizer tubes to increase the heat transfer surface area between flue gases and boiler feedwater. The document reviewed previous research on economizer design optimization and failures. It described the working of CFD analysis using equations of continuity, momentum, and energy to model fluid flow. The study used the k-ε turbulence model in CFD software to analyze heat transfer with and without fins on an economizer.
IRJET- Modelling and CFD Simulation of Prototype of AC Plant Chiller On-Board...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that models and simulates a shell and tube heat exchanger used in marine ship air conditioning plants. The study involves:
1. Modeling the geometry of a prototype shell and tube heat exchanger in Solidworks based on design calculations.
2. Meshing the model in ICEM CFD and applying boundary conditions representing different mass flow rates to simulate heat transfer.
3. Using ANSYS Fluent CFD software to analyze temperature distribution and flow patterns within the shell and tubes at 100% and 75% loading.
4. Comparing CFD results to experimental temperature data from factory acceptance trials to validate the simulation model.
The goal is to model the
A Review on Comparison between Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger And Helical Coil...ijiert bestjournal
The curved shape of the tube causes the flowing fluid to experience centrifugal force. The
extent of centrifugal force experienced depends on the local axial velocity of the fluid particle
and radius of curvature of the coil. The fluid particles flowing at the core of the pipe have
higher velocities than those flowing near to the pipe wall. Thus the fluid particles flowing
close to the tube wall experience a lower centrifugal force than the fluid particles flowing in
the tube core. This causes the fluid from the core region to be pushed towards the outer wall.
This stream bifurcates at the wall and drives the fluid towards the inner wall along the tube
periphery, causing generation of counter-rotating vortices called secondary flows which
produce additional transport of the fluid over the cross section of the pipe. This additional
convective transport increases heat transfer and the pressure drop when compared to that in a
straight tube.
IRJET- Thermal and Fluid Flow Analysis of a Heat Exchanger: “A Comprehensive ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a comprehensive literature review and analysis of thermal and fluid flow performance in heat exchangers. It discusses several types of heat exchangers and techniques used to enhance heat transfer, such as surface textures, channel designs, and nanofluids. The document reviews experimental, numerical, and computational studies on fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer for different heat exchanger configurations and applications. It also provides governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer analysis and compares experimental results to analytical predictions using correlations.
This document summarizes a CFD analysis of a tee-configured mixing pipe. The analysis varied the velocity of inlet 1 while keeping inlet 2 velocity fixed. It found that increasing inlet 1 velocity by 50% to 3.75 m/s produced the most homogeneous temperature distribution at the outlet. Visualizations of the temperature and velocity fields helped explain the mixing mechanisms and showed improved penetration of the cold stream into the hot stream with the higher inlet 1 velocity, enhancing mixing. The analysis also identified locations of maximum thermal stress within the pipe.
THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER AND HYDRO DYNAMICAL CHA...ijmech
Compact size and high heat transfer coefficient of helical coil heat exchangers causes them to have an
important role in various industrial applications. This paper investigate numerically on the influence of
different parameters such as coil radius, coil pitch and diameter of tube on the hydrodynamic and
heat transfer characteristics of helical double tube heat exchangers using the CFD software which is
based on the principles of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The results indicated that
heat transfer augmentation occurs by increasing of the inner Dean Number, inner tube diameter, curvature
ratio and by the reduction of the pitch of heat exchanger coil. By increasing the radius of coils, the
secondary flow effects due to centrifugal forces diminishes and flow of fluid through the coils tends to flow
in a straight path and as a result, the friction coefficient decreases consequently.
Thermal analysis of various duct cross sections using altair hyperworks softwaresushil Choudhary
In this work thermal analysis and comparison of various duct cross sections is done computationally using Altair
Hyperworks Software. Simple Analytical results were obtained for conduction and convection through the ducts
which can be used to build up thermal circuit. The inner surface of all ducts is maintained at constant
temperature and ambient air is at certain temperature that is less than inner surface temperature of pipe. Due to
temperature difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. Due to temperature
difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. The material of pipe provides
conductive resistance and air provides convective resistance. Hence this is a mix mode of heat transfer. The heat
transfer takes place in one dimension only and properties are considered to be isotropic. The ducts are assumed
to be made of aluminium having known thermal conductivity and density. The surroundings of ducts have
known convective heat transfer coefficient and temperature. The results are obtained on hyperview which are for
heat flux, temperature gradient and grid temperature. The different characteristics can be obtained by varying the
material of the ducts.
The results show that, with proper selection of physical parameters, significant heat transfer
enhancements and pressure drop reductions can be achieved simultaneously with porous pin fins and
the overall heat transfer performances in porous pin fin channels are much better than those in
traditional solid pin fin channels. The effects of pore density are significant. As PPI increases, the
pressure drops and heat fluxes in porous pin fin channels increase while the overall heat transfer
efficiencies decrease and the maximal overall heat transfer efficiencies are obtained at PPI 20.
Furthermore, the effects of pin fin form are also remarkable. With the same physical parameters, the
overall heat transfer efficiencies in the long elliptic porous pin fin channels are the highest while they
are the lowest in the short elliptic porous pin fin channels
FLOW DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR DISCHARGE SIDE OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPijiert bestjournal
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been conducted to f ind the pressure losses for dividing and combining fluid flow through a junction of discharge system. Si mulations are performed for a range of flow ratios and equations are developed for pressure loss coeff icients at junctions. A mathematical model based on successive approximations then would be employed to estim ate the pressure losses. The proposed CFD based strategy can be used for the analysis of all the thr ee pipe branches of some diameter are selected along with equal length so that only the effect of bend angle can be studied. The effect of bend angle,pipe diameter,pipe length,Reynolds number on the resistance coeffi cient is studied. The software used is CATIA for modeling and ANSYS fluent for analysis purpose.
Thermohydraulic Performance of a Series of In-Line Noncircular Ducts in a Par...Carnegie Mellon University
Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for two-dimensional laminar flow at low Reynolds number for five in-line ducts of
various nonconventional cross-sections in a parallel plate channel are studied in this paper.The governing equations were solved
using finite-volumemethod.CommercialCFDsoftware,ANSYS Fluent 14.5,was used to solve this problem.Atotal of three different
nonconventional, noncircular cross-section ducts and their characteristics are compared with those of circular cross-section ducts.
Shape-2 ducts offered minimum flow resistance and maximum heat transfer rate most of the time. Shape-3 ducts at Re < 100 and Shape-2 ducts at Re > 100 can be considered to give out the optimum results.
A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangersijtsrd
Now a day’s a geometrically modified Helical coil heat exchangers are widely using in industrial applications like cryogenic state processes, air conditioning, thermal nuclear reactors and waste heat recovery due to their compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. Advantage of using helical coils over straight tubes is that the residence time spread is reduced, allowing helical coils to be used to reduce axial dispersion in tubular reactors. In this study, numerical investigation of the influence of geometrical parameters such as tube diameter d , coil radius R , and coil pitch p on overall heat transfer coefficient in helical double tube heat exchangers are performed using a professional CFD software FLUENT. In recent years, numerous styles were introduced for heat exchangers that apply to completely different applications sadly, their heat transfer co efficient wasnt reliable at different operational conditions. the standard of the heat changed rate wasnt optimized and there have been many deficiencies and errors in styles. The heat transfer of the copper material is enhanced in comparison with other material unfortunately thermal resistance is reduced with an increase in pressure drop thus enhancing the heat transfer on the heat exchanger. Helical architecture is often designed with a clear motive of compact size and also address heat transfer co efficient and other ancillary attributes efficiently and effectively. So the better material is suggested for an industrial heat exchanger according to the applications is Copper with the basis of simulation results. The geometry and different dimension parameter of the helical coil show that the proposed study in different material properties and different mass flow rates to heat transfer are maximum in different parameter helical coil heat exchangers. Finally, the heat transfer increase for the copper material compared to another material but with the increase in pressure drop the corresponding thermal resistance decreases which allow the improved heat transfer rate and the rate increases from Aluminum to Bronze to Copper. With the drop in temperature, the thermal resistance is reduced which enhances the heat transfer rate. The simulation results show that the copper has a high heat transfer coefficient than Aluminum and Bronze while operating in identical conditions. Due to the extensive use of helical coils in various applications, knowledge about the flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics are important. Atul Vats | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43650.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43650/a-review-on-study-of-heat-transfer-analysis-of-helical-coil-heat-exchangers/atul-vats
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Analysis in a Cross flow Heat Ex...IJMER
Heat exchanger is devices used to exchange the heat between two liquids that are at different
temperature .These are used as a reheated in many industries and auto mobile sector and power
plants. The main aim of our project is thermal analysis of heat exchanger with waved baffles for
different types of materials at different mass flow rates and different tube diameters using FLOEFD
software and comparing the results that are obtained. The work is a simplified model for the study of
thermal analysis of shell-and-tubes heat exchangers having water as cold and hot fluid. Shell and
Tube heat exchangers are having special importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-heaters.
They are also widely used in process applications as well as the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry. The robustness and medium weighted shape of Shell and Tube heat exchangers make them
well suited for high pressure operations. The project shows the best material, best boundary conditions
and parameters of materials we have to use for better heat conduction. For this we are chosen a
practical problem of counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger having water, by using the data that
come from cfd analysis. A design of sample model of shell and tube heat exchanger with waved baffles
is using Pro-e and done the thermal analysis by using FLOEFD software by assigning different
materials to tubes with different diameters having different mass flow rates and comparing the result
that obtained from FLOEFD software.
Numerical Modeling and Simulation of a Double Tube Heat Exchanger Adopting a ...IJERA Editor
This document presents a numerical model and simulation of a double tube heat exchanger using a "black box" approach. It first uses commercial CFD software to simulate the heat exchanger and generate outlet temperature results. It then develops a linear model to predict the outlet temperatures based on governing equations, considering the heat exchanger a black box. The linear model assumes steady state, constant properties, and approximates the logarithmic mean temperature difference with an arithmetic mean. Results from both methods are generated and compared to experimental data to validate the linear approximation. Comparisons show the linear model agrees well with experiments, justifying its use to analyze double tube heat exchangers.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effect of fluid flow rate on the performance of a parallel flow plate heat exchanger. The study was conducted using a plate heat exchanger with water as the working fluid stationed at Landmark University. Experimental results including temperature distribution, flow rates, Reynolds numbers, and Nusselt numbers were analyzed to determine the heat exchanger's thermal performance measures like overall heat transfer coefficient. The researchers found that increasing the hot fluid's flow rate more quickly than the cold fluid increases efficiency. Heat transfer coefficient also increases with Reynolds and Nusselt numbers, indicating more turbulent flow and higher heat transfer rates. Future work could involve computational modeling to determine temperature distributions and investigate a counter-current flow arrangement
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A CORRUGATED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER IAEME Publication
In the present work an attempt has been made to investigate the performance of a corrugated plate heat exchanger by the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. Experiments were conducted to determine the laminar convective heat transfer characteristics for fully developed flow of hot and cold fluid in alternate ducts. Experiments were conducted on a three channel 1-1 pass corrugated plate heat exchanger. Hot fluid was made to flow in the central channel to get cooled by
cold fluid in the top and bottom channels in parallel and counter flow arrangements.
This document summarizes an experimental study of heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted using a three channel plate heat exchanger with hot fluid (milk or water) flowing in the central channel and cold water in the outer channels. Temperature and fluid properties were measured for parallel and counter flow arrangements. The average heat transfer coefficient was found to be 17% higher for the milk-water system compared to the water-water system in counter flow arrangement. Tables of experimental data and results including temperatures, properties, heat transfer coefficients, Nusselt numbers, and effectiveness are presented.
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger ef...eSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger with varying corrugation angles. Three plate heat exchangers were fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40, and 50 degrees. Experiments with water flow showed that pressure drop and friction factor are affected by the corrugation angle. Pressure drop increased linearly with Reynolds number and was highest for the 50 degree angle. Friction factor decreased linearly with Reynolds number on a logarithmic scale and was lowest for the 50 degree angle. The results indicate that higher corrugation angles induce more turbulence, increasing pressure drop but decreasing friction factor.
CFD Simulation and Analysis of Fluid Flow Parameters within a Y-Shaped Branch...IOSR Journals
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and analysis of fluid flow parameters within a Y-shaped branched pipe. The study models a Y-shaped pipe branch with three 1-inch diameter pipes of equal length and analyzes flow at bend angles of 45°, 60°, 90°, and 180° using ANSYS CFX software. The results show that the resistance coefficient, which indicates pressure loss, increases with bend angle from 45° to 90° but then decreases at 180° due to flow redistributing with less resistance. In conclusion, the CFD analysis validates the practical application of a Y-pipe at a 45° bend angle which results in a resistance coefficient of zero.
Experimental Study on Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Rectangular Minichannel wi...IJERA Editor
An experimental study was conducted to investigate two-phase air-water flow characteristics, in horizontal
rectangular minichannel with Y-junction. The width (W), the height (H) and the hydraulic diameter (DH) of the
rectangular cross section for the upstream side of the junction are 4.60 mm, 2.50 mm and 3.24 mm, while those
for the downstream side are 2.36 mm, 2.50 mm and 2.43 mm. The entire test section was machined from
transparent acrylic block, so that the flow structure could be visualized. Liquid single-phase and air-liquid twophase
flow experiments were conducted at room temperature. The flow pattern, the bubble velocity, the bubble
length, and the void fraction were measured with a high-speed video camera. Pressure profile upstream and
downstream from the junction was also measured for the respective flows, and the pressure loss due to the
contraction at the junction was determined from the pressure profiles. Two flow patterns, i.e., slug and annular
flows, were observed in the fully-developed region apart from the junction. In the analysis, the frictional pressure
drop data, the two-phase frictional multiplier data, bubble velocity data, bubble length data and void fraction data
were compared with calculations by some correlations in literatures. In addition, new pressure loss coefficient
correlations for the pressure drop at the junction has been proposed. Results of such experiment and analysis are
described in the present paper.
Comparative Study of ECONOMISER Using the CFD Analysis IJMER
This paper presents a simulation of the economizer zone, which allowsstudying the flow
patterns developed in the fluid, while it flows along the length of the economizer. The past failure
details revelsthat erosion is more in U-bend areas of Economizer Unit because of increase in flue gas
velocity near these bends. But it isobserved that the velocity of flue gases surprisingly increases near
the lower bends as compared to upper ones. The model issolved using conventional CFD techniques by
FLUENT software. In which the individual tubes are treated as sub-gridfeatures. A geometrical model
is used to describe the multiplicity of heat-exchanging structures and the interconnectionsamong them.
The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach is utilised for the creation of a three-dimensional
modelof the economizer coil of single column tube. With equilibrium assumption applied for
description of the system chemistry. The flue gastemperature, pressure and velocity field of fluid flow
within an economizer tube using the actual bounda
Introduction to Air Distribution Systems, Fluid Mechanics—A Brief Review, Air Duct Sizing—Special Design Considerations, Minor Head Loss in a Run of Pipe or Duct , Minor Losses in the Design of Air Duct Systems—Equal Friction Method, Fans—Brief Overview and Selection Procedures
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed heat transfer in an economizer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It discussed how fins can be added to economizer tubes to increase the heat transfer surface area between flue gases and boiler feedwater. The document reviewed previous research on economizer design optimization and failures. It described the working of CFD analysis using equations of continuity, momentum, and energy to model fluid flow. The study used the k-ε turbulence model in CFD software to analyze heat transfer with and without fins on an economizer.
IRJET- Modelling and CFD Simulation of Prototype of AC Plant Chiller On-Board...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that models and simulates a shell and tube heat exchanger used in marine ship air conditioning plants. The study involves:
1. Modeling the geometry of a prototype shell and tube heat exchanger in Solidworks based on design calculations.
2. Meshing the model in ICEM CFD and applying boundary conditions representing different mass flow rates to simulate heat transfer.
3. Using ANSYS Fluent CFD software to analyze temperature distribution and flow patterns within the shell and tubes at 100% and 75% loading.
4. Comparing CFD results to experimental temperature data from factory acceptance trials to validate the simulation model.
The goal is to model the
A Review on Comparison between Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger And Helical Coil...ijiert bestjournal
The curved shape of the tube causes the flowing fluid to experience centrifugal force. The
extent of centrifugal force experienced depends on the local axial velocity of the fluid particle
and radius of curvature of the coil. The fluid particles flowing at the core of the pipe have
higher velocities than those flowing near to the pipe wall. Thus the fluid particles flowing
close to the tube wall experience a lower centrifugal force than the fluid particles flowing in
the tube core. This causes the fluid from the core region to be pushed towards the outer wall.
This stream bifurcates at the wall and drives the fluid towards the inner wall along the tube
periphery, causing generation of counter-rotating vortices called secondary flows which
produce additional transport of the fluid over the cross section of the pipe. This additional
convective transport increases heat transfer and the pressure drop when compared to that in a
straight tube.
IRJET- Thermal and Fluid Flow Analysis of a Heat Exchanger: “A Comprehensive ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a comprehensive literature review and analysis of thermal and fluid flow performance in heat exchangers. It discusses several types of heat exchangers and techniques used to enhance heat transfer, such as surface textures, channel designs, and nanofluids. The document reviews experimental, numerical, and computational studies on fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer for different heat exchanger configurations and applications. It also provides governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer analysis and compares experimental results to analytical predictions using correlations.
This document summarizes a CFD analysis of a tee-configured mixing pipe. The analysis varied the velocity of inlet 1 while keeping inlet 2 velocity fixed. It found that increasing inlet 1 velocity by 50% to 3.75 m/s produced the most homogeneous temperature distribution at the outlet. Visualizations of the temperature and velocity fields helped explain the mixing mechanisms and showed improved penetration of the cold stream into the hot stream with the higher inlet 1 velocity, enhancing mixing. The analysis also identified locations of maximum thermal stress within the pipe.
THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER AND HYDRO DYNAMICAL CHA...ijmech
Compact size and high heat transfer coefficient of helical coil heat exchangers causes them to have an
important role in various industrial applications. This paper investigate numerically on the influence of
different parameters such as coil radius, coil pitch and diameter of tube on the hydrodynamic and
heat transfer characteristics of helical double tube heat exchangers using the CFD software which is
based on the principles of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The results indicated that
heat transfer augmentation occurs by increasing of the inner Dean Number, inner tube diameter, curvature
ratio and by the reduction of the pitch of heat exchanger coil. By increasing the radius of coils, the
secondary flow effects due to centrifugal forces diminishes and flow of fluid through the coils tends to flow
in a straight path and as a result, the friction coefficient decreases consequently.
Thermal analysis of various duct cross sections using altair hyperworks softwaresushil Choudhary
In this work thermal analysis and comparison of various duct cross sections is done computationally using Altair
Hyperworks Software. Simple Analytical results were obtained for conduction and convection through the ducts
which can be used to build up thermal circuit. The inner surface of all ducts is maintained at constant
temperature and ambient air is at certain temperature that is less than inner surface temperature of pipe. Due to
temperature difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. Due to temperature
difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. The material of pipe provides
conductive resistance and air provides convective resistance. Hence this is a mix mode of heat transfer. The heat
transfer takes place in one dimension only and properties are considered to be isotropic. The ducts are assumed
to be made of aluminium having known thermal conductivity and density. The surroundings of ducts have
known convective heat transfer coefficient and temperature. The results are obtained on hyperview which are for
heat flux, temperature gradient and grid temperature. The different characteristics can be obtained by varying the
material of the ducts.
The results show that, with proper selection of physical parameters, significant heat transfer
enhancements and pressure drop reductions can be achieved simultaneously with porous pin fins and
the overall heat transfer performances in porous pin fin channels are much better than those in
traditional solid pin fin channels. The effects of pore density are significant. As PPI increases, the
pressure drops and heat fluxes in porous pin fin channels increase while the overall heat transfer
efficiencies decrease and the maximal overall heat transfer efficiencies are obtained at PPI 20.
Furthermore, the effects of pin fin form are also remarkable. With the same physical parameters, the
overall heat transfer efficiencies in the long elliptic porous pin fin channels are the highest while they
are the lowest in the short elliptic porous pin fin channels
FLOW DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR DISCHARGE SIDE OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPijiert bestjournal
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been conducted to f ind the pressure losses for dividing and combining fluid flow through a junction of discharge system. Si mulations are performed for a range of flow ratios and equations are developed for pressure loss coeff icients at junctions. A mathematical model based on successive approximations then would be employed to estim ate the pressure losses. The proposed CFD based strategy can be used for the analysis of all the thr ee pipe branches of some diameter are selected along with equal length so that only the effect of bend angle can be studied. The effect of bend angle,pipe diameter,pipe length,Reynolds number on the resistance coeffi cient is studied. The software used is CATIA for modeling and ANSYS fluent for analysis purpose.
Thermohydraulic Performance of a Series of In-Line Noncircular Ducts in a Par...Carnegie Mellon University
Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for two-dimensional laminar flow at low Reynolds number for five in-line ducts of
various nonconventional cross-sections in a parallel plate channel are studied in this paper.The governing equations were solved
using finite-volumemethod.CommercialCFDsoftware,ANSYS Fluent 14.5,was used to solve this problem.Atotal of three different
nonconventional, noncircular cross-section ducts and their characteristics are compared with those of circular cross-section ducts.
Shape-2 ducts offered minimum flow resistance and maximum heat transfer rate most of the time. Shape-3 ducts at Re < 100 and Shape-2 ducts at Re > 100 can be considered to give out the optimum results.
A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangersijtsrd
Now a day’s a geometrically modified Helical coil heat exchangers are widely using in industrial applications like cryogenic state processes, air conditioning, thermal nuclear reactors and waste heat recovery due to their compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. Advantage of using helical coils over straight tubes is that the residence time spread is reduced, allowing helical coils to be used to reduce axial dispersion in tubular reactors. In this study, numerical investigation of the influence of geometrical parameters such as tube diameter d , coil radius R , and coil pitch p on overall heat transfer coefficient in helical double tube heat exchangers are performed using a professional CFD software FLUENT. In recent years, numerous styles were introduced for heat exchangers that apply to completely different applications sadly, their heat transfer co efficient wasnt reliable at different operational conditions. the standard of the heat changed rate wasnt optimized and there have been many deficiencies and errors in styles. The heat transfer of the copper material is enhanced in comparison with other material unfortunately thermal resistance is reduced with an increase in pressure drop thus enhancing the heat transfer on the heat exchanger. Helical architecture is often designed with a clear motive of compact size and also address heat transfer co efficient and other ancillary attributes efficiently and effectively. So the better material is suggested for an industrial heat exchanger according to the applications is Copper with the basis of simulation results. The geometry and different dimension parameter of the helical coil show that the proposed study in different material properties and different mass flow rates to heat transfer are maximum in different parameter helical coil heat exchangers. Finally, the heat transfer increase for the copper material compared to another material but with the increase in pressure drop the corresponding thermal resistance decreases which allow the improved heat transfer rate and the rate increases from Aluminum to Bronze to Copper. With the drop in temperature, the thermal resistance is reduced which enhances the heat transfer rate. The simulation results show that the copper has a high heat transfer coefficient than Aluminum and Bronze while operating in identical conditions. Due to the extensive use of helical coils in various applications, knowledge about the flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics are important. Atul Vats | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43650.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43650/a-review-on-study-of-heat-transfer-analysis-of-helical-coil-heat-exchangers/atul-vats
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Analysis in a Cross flow Heat Ex...IJMER
Heat exchanger is devices used to exchange the heat between two liquids that are at different
temperature .These are used as a reheated in many industries and auto mobile sector and power
plants. The main aim of our project is thermal analysis of heat exchanger with waved baffles for
different types of materials at different mass flow rates and different tube diameters using FLOEFD
software and comparing the results that are obtained. The work is a simplified model for the study of
thermal analysis of shell-and-tubes heat exchangers having water as cold and hot fluid. Shell and
Tube heat exchangers are having special importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-heaters.
They are also widely used in process applications as well as the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry. The robustness and medium weighted shape of Shell and Tube heat exchangers make them
well suited for high pressure operations. The project shows the best material, best boundary conditions
and parameters of materials we have to use for better heat conduction. For this we are chosen a
practical problem of counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger having water, by using the data that
come from cfd analysis. A design of sample model of shell and tube heat exchanger with waved baffles
is using Pro-e and done the thermal analysis by using FLOEFD software by assigning different
materials to tubes with different diameters having different mass flow rates and comparing the result
that obtained from FLOEFD software.
Numerical Modeling and Simulation of a Double Tube Heat Exchanger Adopting a ...IJERA Editor
This document presents a numerical model and simulation of a double tube heat exchanger using a "black box" approach. It first uses commercial CFD software to simulate the heat exchanger and generate outlet temperature results. It then develops a linear model to predict the outlet temperatures based on governing equations, considering the heat exchanger a black box. The linear model assumes steady state, constant properties, and approximates the logarithmic mean temperature difference with an arithmetic mean. Results from both methods are generated and compared to experimental data to validate the linear approximation. Comparisons show the linear model agrees well with experiments, justifying its use to analyze double tube heat exchangers.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effect of fluid flow rate on the performance of a parallel flow plate heat exchanger. The study was conducted using a plate heat exchanger with water as the working fluid stationed at Landmark University. Experimental results including temperature distribution, flow rates, Reynolds numbers, and Nusselt numbers were analyzed to determine the heat exchanger's thermal performance measures like overall heat transfer coefficient. The researchers found that increasing the hot fluid's flow rate more quickly than the cold fluid increases efficiency. Heat transfer coefficient also increases with Reynolds and Nusselt numbers, indicating more turbulent flow and higher heat transfer rates. Future work could involve computational modeling to determine temperature distributions and investigate a counter-current flow arrangement
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A CORRUGATED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER IAEME Publication
In the present work an attempt has been made to investigate the performance of a corrugated plate heat exchanger by the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. Experiments were conducted to determine the laminar convective heat transfer characteristics for fully developed flow of hot and cold fluid in alternate ducts. Experiments were conducted on a three channel 1-1 pass corrugated plate heat exchanger. Hot fluid was made to flow in the central channel to get cooled by
cold fluid in the top and bottom channels in parallel and counter flow arrangements.
This document summarizes an experimental study of heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted using a three channel plate heat exchanger with hot fluid (milk or water) flowing in the central channel and cold water in the outer channels. Temperature and fluid properties were measured for parallel and counter flow arrangements. The average heat transfer coefficient was found to be 17% higher for the milk-water system compared to the water-water system in counter flow arrangement. Tables of experimental data and results including temperatures, properties, heat transfer coefficients, Nusselt numbers, and effectiveness are presented.
Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube ExchangerAnamika Sarkar
Heat exchange characteristics between hot and cold water as well as cold air and hot water have been investigated in a finned tube heat exchanger. The exchanger was operated in both parallel and counter-flow modes. For water-water heat exchange, the tube side (hot water) fluid flow rate was varied to observe the effects on heating the cold water. Conversely, for air-water system, the shell side (cold air) flow rate was varied to evaluate the cooling effectiveness of air in the finned tube exchanger. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 was used to simulate the system in 3-D mode, and the temperature profiles along with heat flux and velocity streamlines were evaluated. The NTU and effectiveness for varying fluid flow rates for both water-water and air-water systems were calculated. NTU values were considerably higher for air-water heat exchange and showed a decreasing trend with increasing fluid flow rate. To ascertain the reliability of the simulation models, the experimental and simulated results were compared. To evaluate the performance of the fins, the fin efficiencies and effectivenesses were calculated and the values were notably higher in case of air-water system. This is consistent with established literature. Also, increasing shell-side fluid flow rate led to a reduction in fin efficiency and effectiveness, which is again consistent with literature.
A REPORT ON HEAT TRANSFER OPTIMIZATION OFSHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER USING ...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on optimizing heat transfer in a shell and tube heat exchanger using different fluids through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. A shell and tube heat exchanger model was created in CATIA software and CFD analysis was performed in Solidworks Flow Simulation. Water and two types of nanofluids (SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles mixed with water) were analyzed as fluids flowing through the heat exchanger tubes at varying velocities from 0.2 m/s to 1 m/s. The results found that increasing fluid velocity improved heat transfer effectiveness and overall heat transfer while decreasing friction factor. Heat transfer performance was highest for the nanofluids compared to water alone.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EXERGY IN A CORRUGATED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERIAEME Publication
In the present work an attempt has been made to investigate the performance of a 3 channel 1-1 pass, corrugated plate heat exchanger. The plates had sinusoidal wavy surfaces with corrugation angle of 450. Hot water at different inlet temperature ranging from 400C to 600C was made to flow in the central channel to get cooled by water in the outer channels.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Refrigerant Flow in an Evaporator TubeIJMER
the paper aim is to presenting the heat transfer analysis of refrigerant flow in an evaporator
tube is done. The main objective of this paper is to find the length of the evaporator tube for a pre-defined
refrigerant inlet state such that the refrigerant at the tube outlet is superheated. The problem involves
refrigerant flowing inside a straight, horizontal copper tube over which water is in cross flow. Inlet
condition of the both fluids and evaporator tube detail except its length are specified. here pressure and
enthalpy at discrete points along the tube are calculated by using two-phase frictional pressure drop model.
Predicted values were compared using another different pressure drop model. A computer-code using
Turbo C has been developed for performing the entire calculation
Wang W., Makeev A., Povorov S. Experimental investigation on performances of ...Елена Овечкина
The document experimentally investigates the thermal-hydraulic performance of a plate heat exchanger's cold side for lubrication/water-water heat transfer. Tests were conducted with hot lubrication/water at 72°C and varying cold water velocities from 12°C. Results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient increases with the Reynolds number. The Fanning friction factor decreases with increasing Reynolds number. For Peclet numbers below 2500, increasing the Peclet number leads to an increased Nusselt number. The study provides heat transfer characteristics of the plate heat exchanger's cold side for lubrication/water-water.
Analysis comparing performance of a conventional shell and tube heat exchange...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Experimental investigation of double pipe heat exchanger with helical fins on...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Shell and Tube Heat Exchan...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study of flow and heat transfer analysis in a shell and tube heat exchanger using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). An experimental shell and tube heat exchanger was fabricated and tested, then modeled and analyzed using CFD software. The experimental results were found to correlate well with negligible error compared to the CFD analysis. Simulating the heat exchanger digitally using CFD provided insights into temperature distribution, pressure drop, and fluid flow patterns to optimize heat transfer performance.
Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger usi...SuginElankaviR
Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from fluid at high temperature to fluid at lower temperature. Heat exchangers are used in industrial purposes in chemical industries, nuclear power plants, refineries, food processing, etc. Sizing of heat exchangers plays very significant role for cost optimization. Also, efficiency and effectiveness of heat exchangers is an important parameter while selection of industrial heat exchangers. Methods for improvement on heat transfer have been worked upon for many years in order to obtain high efficiency with optimum cost. In this research work, design of shell & tube heat exchanger with single segmented baffles and analyze the flow and temperature field inside the shell using Autodesk Simulation CFD 2015. When comparing the CFD analysis with experimental results, it was well correlation with negligible percentage of error. Thus, the series of baffles results in a significant increase in heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop in the heat exchanger.
IRJET- Analysing the Effectiveness of the Heat Exchanger by Increasing Ov...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effectiveness of a heat exchanger by increasing its overall heat transfer coefficient. It discusses using wire coil inserts of different pitches inside heat exchanger tubes to disturb the boundary layer and enhance heat transfer. Testing was done on a heat exchanger with water as the working fluid over a Reynolds number range of 2000 to 4000. Results showed that a spring coil with a pitch of 12mm performed better than coils of other pitches at increasing the heat exchanger's overall heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness.
Cfd analysis of turbulence in a gas turbine combustor with reference to the c...IAEME Publication
This document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of turbulence in a gas turbine combustor with reference to exit phenomena. It summarizes several studies that have used experimental and computational methods to model combustor exit profiles and their effects on secondary flows in turbine vanes. The document outlines CFD models of different combustor configurations, including variations in cooling schemes, dilution jets, and exit slots. Results show that dilution jets and exit slots can create non-uniformities in temperature, pressure and velocity at the combustor exit which influence the development of secondary flows in downstream vanes. Understanding these interactions is important for improving turbine performance and cooling effectiveness.
Cfd analysis of turbulence in a gas turbine combustor with reference to the c...IAEME Publication
This document discusses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of turbulence in a gas turbine combustor with reference to exit phenomena. It analyzes the interaction between the combustor and turbine regarding increased temperatures and heat transfer. The objective is to better understand non-uniformities in the flow field at the combustor exit in terms of temperature, pressure and velocity in the spanwise and pitchwise directions. The analysis uses CFD to model different combustor configurations and evaluate the effects on the exit flow field and downstream turbine vane.
IRJET- A Review on Basics of Heat ExchangerIRJET Journal
This document reviews the basics of heat exchangers. It discusses that heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between two or more fluids for heating and cooling processes. The three main types of heat exchangers are shell and tube, plate, and double pipe heat exchangers. It also discusses computational fluid dynamics as a method to analyze fluid flow and heat transfer in heat exchangers numerically. The document then reviews the basic design methods for two fluid heat exchangers, including the log-mean temperature difference method, effectiveness-NTU method, and other graphical methods.
Design and Development of Parallel - Counter Flow Heat ExchangerAM Publications
This document reviews literature related to parallel and counter flow heat exchangers and modifications made to improve performance. Various papers are summarized that discuss developments in parallel and counter flow heat exchangers, including using software, changing designs, tube shapes, and applying the second law of thermodynamics. Key factors like fluid velocity, Reynolds number, heat transfer coefficient, baffle spacing, and pressure drop play important roles in heat exchanger performance. The development of heat exchanger systems is important to optimize performance and reduce costs.
A comprehensive review on Heat and fluid flow in Baffled Pipe/ChannelIRJET Journal
1) Baffles are commonly used in pipes, ducts, vessels and heat exchangers to direct fluid flow and enhance heat transfer.
2) Recent research has studied baffles' effects on heat transfer and pressure drop in various applications through experimental and computational methods.
3) Studies have examined different baffle configurations, including helical baffles, tri-sectional baffles, and vertical porous baffles, to optimize thermal and hydraulic performance.
Heat transfer enhancement and friction factor analysis in tube using conical ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Role of the conical spring array for the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop change in a pipe with constant heat flux boundary condition was investigated. Three different arrangements of conical spring array inserts were used in the experimental setup. Conical spring inserts with diverging conical spring, converging-diverging conical spring and converging conical spring array inserts arrangements were used. Water was used as a working fluid in the experimental setup. It was found that use of conical spring array inserts arrangement leads to enhancement in heat transfer. Higher heat transfer rate was achieved in the divergent spring array arrangement than the converging-diverging and converging arrangement. However, maximum friction factor is achieved in the diverging spring array insert arrangement. By increasing the Reynolds Number for different turbulator arrangement, the significant increase in Nusselt number was obtained. The enhancement in Nusselt Number for the diverging, converging-diverging, converging conical spring array arrangement was 645% ,431% and 259% respectively. The heat transfer enhancement efficiency can be evaluated based on the power consumption per unit mass of fluid. Heat transfer enhancement efficiencies were found for the divergent spring array arrangement up to 277% and for the convergent-divergent spring arrangement up to 212% and for the convergent spring array arrangement up to 153%. Keywords— Heat exchanger, Heat transfer enhancement, Friction factor, Conical spring turbulator, Heat transfer enhancement efficiency
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Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Actuator in a Typical Aerospace vehicle | J4...Journal For Research
An Aerospace Vehicle is capable of flight both within and outside the sensible atmosphere. An Actuation System is one of the most important Systems of an Aerospace vehicle. This paper study involves detailed study of various controls Actuation System and Design of a typical Hydraulic Actuation Systems. An actuator control system concerned with electrical, electronic or electro mechanical. Actuator control systems may take the form of extremely simple, manually-operated start-and-stop stations, or sophisticated, programmable computer systems. Hydraulic Actuation System contains Electro Hydraulic Actuators, Servo Valves, Feedback Sensing elements, Pump Motor package, Hydraulic Reservoir, Accumulator, various safety valves, Filters etc. The main objective of this study involves design of Hydraulic Actuator and selection of various other components for the Actuation Systems of an Aerospace Vehicle. Design of the system includes design of Hydraulic actuator and also the Modeling and Analysis of actuator using sophisticated Software.
Experimental Verification and Validation of Stress Distribution of Composite ...Journal For Research
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IoT based Digital Agriculture Monitoring System and Their Impact on Optimal U...Journal For Research
Although precision agriculture has been adopted in few countries, the greenhouse based modern agriculture industry in India still needs to be modernized with the involvement of technology for better production and cost control. In this paper we proposed a multifunction model for smart agriculture based on IoT. Due to variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniform condition at all the places in the farmhouse manually. Soil and environment properties are sensed and periodically sent to cloud network through IoT. Analysis on cloud data is done for water requirement, total production and maintaining uniform environment conditions throughout greenhouse farm. Proposed model is beneficial for increase in agricultural production and for cost control and real time monitoring of farm.
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This paper describes a command interface for games based on hand gestures and voice command defined by postures, movement and location. The system uses computer vision requiring no sensors or markers by the user. In voice command the speech recognizer, recognize the input from the user. It stores and passes command to the game, action takes place. We propose a simple architecture for performing real time colour detection and motion tracking using a webcam. The next step is to track the motion of the specified colours and the resulting actions are given as input commands to the system. We specify blue colour for motion tracking and green colour for mouse pointer. The speech recognition is the process of automatically recognizing a certain word spoken by a particular speaker based on individual information included in speech waves. This application will help in reduction in hardware requirement and can be implemented in other electronic devices also.
A REVIEW ON DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN CHANDRAPUR CITY | J4RV4...Journal For Research
As we know the population of Chandrapur City has increased so far in this years and with that has increased the vehicles causing high traffic volume & rise in pollution. But the transportation system in Chandrapur City is still the same. To reduce the traffic volume & pollution, we have to study & design the new transportation system in Chandrapur City. The system would be as similar to Nagpur City with the implementation of Star City Buses. In this Study we would first compare the speed of various vehicles. Collection of population details of Chandrapur City, approximate number of vehicles running on road, collection of data with respect to Ticket fares in Nagpur City- whether it is according to Kilometers or places to be reached, calculation of Ticket Fares for Chandrapur City on the basis data collected. By all these, the best mode of transport in City can be studied. On the basis of above data collected from various respected fields, we will then proceed for the Design part of urban transport system in Chandrapur City. For Design purpose, firstly we have to mark the centre of the City, when the centre is decided; we will then select the Bus Terminus. From centre of the city, we would prefer to select the routes of the Buses. One route will be for the city side like Jatpura Gate, Pathanpura Gate. One route will be for Ballarpur going road. The other one for Mul going road, then next for Nagpur road. We could decide as many routes once we get the clear idea about all data. By getting all this details, the next step is to design the destination points of Buses. Then we have to design about the Bus bays, to reduce congestion in the particular intersections or Stops of bus. After the design also can suggest for Bus lanes. Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT system) is the main aim behind to develop transportation mode of City. The design of the Transport System can be designed with the help of various software’s like AutoCAD and Revit.
A REVIEW ON LIFTING AND ASSEMBLY OF ROTARY KILN TYRE WITH SHELL BY FLEXIBLE G...Journal For Research
This document reviews different techniques for lifting and assembling rotary kiln tyres with shells. It discusses the current manual process using heavy cranes and labor, which is time-consuming and poses safety risks due to the heavy weights involved. The literature review covers various gripping techniques, cost-effective handling procedures, and analyses that can help design a safe lifting suspender for rotary kiln tyres. The conclusion indicates that lifting and assembly approaches as well as grasping principles need further study to develop improved solutions for safely handling the kiln components.
LABORATORY STUDY OF STRONG, MODERATE AND WEAK SANDSTONES | J4RV4I1012Journal For Research
Sandstones from seven different hydroelectric projects have been assessed to compare their water-related properties and engineering parameters and the comprehensive analysis has been presented. The study has been done by categorizing the sandstones in to three categories i.e. weak, moderate & strong sandstones. The study leads to four broad inferences: (1), there could be very large variation between two sandstones; e.g., here, sandstone S2, S4 & S5, vis-à-vis other two strong sandstones, is superior in all respects. (2), the four weak sandstones differ in respect of some – not all – properties and parameters. (3), none of the four weak sandstones is better than the other two in respect of all properties and parameters. (4), moderate sandstone shows higher values of shear strength parameters in comparison to all the sandstones (including stronger sandstones also) except S3 strong sandstone. In respect of individual properties, the grain density of all sandstones is similar, though their bulk densities, apparent porosity and water content show great variation. The weak, moderate and strong sandstones show qualitative difference in their uniaxial compressive strength and wave velocity (compression and shear, both); and the two are directly proportional. The study clearly demonstrates that there is no one-to-one correspondence between any two properties and parameters, but there is a diffused and/ or qualitative relationship between different sandstones, or certain properties and parameters of a particular variant.
DESIGN ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION OF MANUAL RICE TRANSPLANTING MACHINE | J4RV4I...Journal For Research
Need of rice transplanting machine is growing nowadays because of unique feature seeding in well sequence and well manners. This will save too much efforts of human being. Class of people who uses this kind of machine is farmers and they are having poor economic background. To feed growing population is a huge challenge. Importation of rice will lead to drain out the economy of the country. Mechanization of paddy sector will lead to higher productivity with releasing of work force to other sectors. The objective of this project is to design a paddy transplanting mechanism to transplant paddy seedling by small scale farmers in the country. Hence, this is considered as an activity that needed mechanization. For mechanization the modeling and simulation evaluated for hand operated rice seeding machine, which is help the farmers to planting more and more amount of rice in good quality with low energy consumption and less harm to the environment. India is predominately an agricultural country with rice as one of its main food crop. It Produce about 80 million tons rice annually which is about 22% of the world rice production. Culturally transplanting of young seeding is preferred over direct seeding for better yield and better crop management practice. But this operation requires large amount of manpower (about 400 Man-Hour/ha) and task is very laborious involving working in stopping posture and moving in muddy field.
AN OVERVIEW: DAKNET TECHNOLOGY - BROADBAND AD-HOC CONNECTIVITY | J4RV4I1009Journal For Research
DakNet, is an ad hoc network and an internet service planted on the applied science, which uses wireless technology to provide an asynchronous digital connectivity, it is the intermediate of wireless and asynchronous service that is the beginning of a technical way to universal broadband connectivity. The major process is it provides the broadband connectivity as wider. This paper broadly describes about the technology, architecture behind and its working principles.
Line following is one of the most important aspects of Robotics. A Line Follower Robot is an autonomous robot which is able to follow either a black or white line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move automatically and follow the made plot line. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface or it can be invisible like a magnetic field. It will move in a particular direction Specified by the user and avoids the obstacle which is coming in the path. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robot that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. It is an integrated design from the knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical, and Computer Engineering. LDR sensors based line follower robot design and Fabrication procedure which always direct along the black mark on the white surface. The robot uses several sensors to identify the line thus assisting the bot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC motors to control the movements of the wheels.
The project is to ask college related queries and get the responses through a chatbot an Artificial Conversational Entity. This System is a web application which provides answer to the query of the student. Students just have to query through the bot which is used for chatting. Students can chat using any format there is no specific format the user has to follow. This system helps the student to be updated about the college activities.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO REDUCE INTRA CITY TRAFFIC AT COIMBATORE | J4RV4I1002Journal For Research
Coimbatore (11.0168°N,76.9558°E) is a fast developing cosmopolitan city with large number of industries and educational institutions. The development has lead to a large number of vehicles causing heavy traffic. The traffic congestion at Coimbatore has been a major problem which causes traffic jams and accidents. The major reason for traffic has been the mofussil buses that operate in the city. Around 1300 mofussil buses enter into the city, these buses play an important role in traffic congestion. The best solution is to construct a centralized bus stand at the outskirts of the city. This would reduce the traffic, accidents and also leads to development of the outskirts of the city. A suitable location near the city with sufficient road access to connecting cities has been chosen and the bus terminus has been designed, modeled with all facilities and features.
A REVIEW STUDY ON GAS-SOLID CYCLONE SEPARATOR USING LAPPLE MODEL | J4RV4I1001Journal For Research
Cyclone is the most commonly used device to separate dust particles from gas and dust flow. The performance of cyclone separator can be measured in terms of collection efficiency and pressure drop. Parameters like Inlet Flow velocity, the particle size distribution in feed, dimensions of inlet and outlet ducts and cyclone affects the performance of cyclone significantly. Various Mathematical models used for calculation of cut off diameter of separator, flow rate, target efficiency and no. of vortex inside the cyclone to design and study to check the performance of existing cyclone separator. Also new dimensions can be design with help of models. Here, in this study the efficiency achieved with Lapple model cumulatively 86.47%.
During past few years, brain tumor segmentation in CT has become an emergent research area in the field of medical imaging system. Brain tumor detection helps in finding the exact size and location of tumor. An efficient algorithm is proposed in this project for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Firstly quality of scanned image is enhanced and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the scanned image. The problem with biopsy is that the patient has to be hospitalized and also the results (around 15%) give false negative. Scan images are read by radiologist but it's a subjective analysis which requires more experience. In the proposed work we segment the renal region and then classify the tumors as benign or malignant by using ANFIS, which is a non-invasive automated process. This approach reduces the waiting time of the patient.
USE OF GALVANIZED STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY- CAR SURVEY RESULTS AT COASTAL A...Journal For Research
An extensive study of automotive body corrosion was conducted in Mumbai area to track corrosion performance of currently used materials of construction for automotive, especially cars with low end cost. The study consisted of a wide range of areas, starting from a closed car parking to several coastal and other humid regions such as Juhu Beach, Varsova beach and other adjoining areas. Data such as visible perforations, paint blisters, and surface rust were seen especially at vulnerable areas such as doors, mudguards, bonnet areas etc. Also, a comparison was done with low cost cars built with normal steel with those built using galvanized steels.
The main objective of our work is to deliver the goods at proper time by an unmanned drone. An Autonomous drone for delivering the goods such as bombs, medical kids, and foods mainly for military uses. This drone was used for dispatching the bombs and armed guns in battle field. And it is also used for delivering the medicines and foods for soldiers in our country borders.
SURVEY ON A MODERN MEDICARE SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS | J4RV3I12024Journal For Research
Since the population of the world is aging rapidly, how to provide appropriate health care to the elderly and unwell people becomes an important issue and draws high attention from medical, academic and industrial fields of the society. The Internet of Things (IoT) drives the evolution of the Internet and is regarded as a great potential to improve quality of life for the surging number of elderly people, significantly. As Android operating system gains immense popularity nowadays, it is a trend to make use of it for the wider access of IoT utility. This project presents a health monitoring system prototype based on IoT, with the increasing use of sensors by medical devices, remote and continuous monitoring of a patient’s health. This network of sensors and other mobile communication devices referred to as the Internet of Things for Medical Devices (IoT-MD), is poised to revolutionize the functioning of the healthcare industry. Untimed medicine administration can always show adverse effects on the health of the patients. The proposed system is designed to help these patients to take the required medicine in the right proportion at the right time. The basic ideology is integrating the principle of IoT with weight-based slot sensing on a normal pillbox. To make it more state-of-the-art, it is inbuilt with a Wi-Fi module for alerting the patient and also the chemist at the needed instant using IoT.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATION FOR NON-BOILING STRATIFIED FLOW PATTERN | J4RV3I11006
1. Journal for Research | Volume 03 | Issue 11 | January 2018
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 25
Heat Transfer Correlation for Non-Boiling
Stratified Flow Pattern
S. D Chougule U. S Patil
Lecturer Head and Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering(Polytechnic Wing) Department of Chemical Engineering(Polytechnic Wing)
Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology
Budhgaon, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology
Budhgaon, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
V. B Pawar M. M Joshi
S.G Lecturer and head Lecturer
Department of Chemical Engineering(Polytechnic Wing) Department of Chemical Engineering(Polytechnic Wing)
Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology
Budhgaon, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology
Budhgaon, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
S. S Potdar
Lecturer
Department of Chemical Engineering(Polytechnic Wing)
Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology, India
Abstract
In chemical industries two phase flow is a process necessity. A better understanding of the rates of momentum and heat transfer in
multi-phase flow conditions is important for the optimal design of the heat exchanger. To simplify the complexities in design, heat
transfer coefficient correlations are useful. In this work a heat transfer correlation for non- boiling air-water flow with stratified
flow pattern in horizontal circular pipe is proposed. To verify the correlation, heat transfer coefficients and flow parameters were
measured at different combinations of air and water flow rates. The superficial Reynolds numbers ranged from about 2720 to 5740
for water and from about 563 to 1120 for air. These experimental data were successfully correlated by the proposed two-phase
heat transfer correlation. It is observed that superficial.
Keywords: Dryness Fraction, Stratified Flow, Superficial Reynolds Number, Two Phase Flow, Void Fraction
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
The expression of ‘two-phase flow’ is used to describe the simultaneous flow of a gas- liquid or gas-solid or liquid- solid or two
immiscible liquids. Among these types of two phase flow, gas-liquid flow has the most complexity due to the deformability and
the compressibility of the phases1
. Two-phase gas liquid flow occurs extensively throughout industries, such as solar heat
collectors, tubular boilers, two-phase flow lubrication, pneumatic conveying, oil and geothermal wells, gas and oil transport
pipelines, process pipelines, pneumatic conveying, sewage treatments, refrigerators, heat exchangers, and condensers 2,3
. The
knowledge of heat transfer in two-phase gas-liquid flow is important in these industrial applications for economical design and
optimized operation2
. There are plenty of practical examples in industries which show how the knowledge of heat transfer in two
phase flow is important. For example slug flow, which is one of the common flow patterns in two-phase gas-liquid flow, is
accompanied by oscillations in pipe temperature. The high pipe wall temperature results in ‘dry out’, which causes damages in the
chemical process equipment’s, nuclear power generating systems, refrigeration plants and other industrial devices4
. Another
example of two phase flow is in the field of petroleum industry. The petroleum products, such as natural gas and crude oil, are
often collected and transported through pipelines located under sea or on the ground. During transportation, the pipelines carry a
mixture of oil and gas. In this process of transportation, the knowledge of heat transfer is vital to prevent gas hydrate and wax
deposition blockages, which results in repair, replacement, abandonment, or extra horsepower requirements4
. In gas liquid flow
the two phases can be distributed in the conduit in many configurations called flow regimes or flow patterns, differing from each
other in the spatial distribution of the interface. The flow pattern depends on the operational variables, physical properties of fluids
and geometrical variables of the system5
. Without knowing the local flow patterns, one cannot correctly calculate the thermal,
hydraulic design parameters6
. In fact, the physical mechanisms controlling two-phase pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients
are intrinsically related to the local flow patterns and thus flow pattern prediction is an important aspect of two-phase heat transfer
and pressure drops 5, 6
.
In two phase flow, the gas-liquid interfacial distribution can take an infinite number of possible forms. However, these forms
can be classified into types of interfacial distribution, commonly called flow regimes or flow patterns5
. Commonly observed flow
regimes in horizontal flow are stratified flow, plug flow, bubble flow, slug flow, wavy flow etc. In these regimes, as gravity acts
2. Heat Transfer Correlation for Non-Boiling Stratified Flow Pattern
(J4R/ Volume 03 / Issue 11 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 26
normal to flow direction, separation of the flow occurs7
. The stratified flow pattern is commonly observed in chemical industry. In
this flow pattern low liquid velocities (𝑉𝐿 < 0.15 𝑚/𝑠) and gas velocities (0. 6𝑚/𝑠 < 𝑉𝐺 < 3 𝑚/𝑠) cause complete separation
of two phases7
. The gas and liquid separated by an undisturbed horizontal interface. In this region the gas-liquid interface is
smooth5, 8
.
However the field which has received relatively less attention is the study of heat transfer involving two phases (air-water) for
a stratified flow regime. In the present work, experiments were carried out in a double pipe heat exchanger with hot water as the
service fluid (annulus side) and two-phase mixtures of cold water and air in different ratios as the process fluid (tube side).
Experimental runs with single-phase fluid (water) and two phase mixtures on the process side were carried out. The heat transfer
coefficients on the cold side were correlated with superficial Reynolds numbers.
The objective of this study is to systematically gather gas–liquid non-boiling flow heat transfer data for stratified flow regime
in a horizontal circular pipe. The data is used to better understand the non-boiling two-phase flow heat transfer behavior. Finally,
develop a correlation for predicting non-boiling two-phase flow heat transfer coefficient in horizontal pipes. This correlation will
be useful to find the relation between single phase (water) individual heat transfer coefficient(ℎ 𝑤), two phase (air-water) heat
transfer coefficient(ℎ 𝑇𝑃) , flow quality(𝑋), void fraction(𝛼) and Prandtl number.
II. EXPERIMENTATION
Experimental Set Up
A schematic diagram of the overall experimental setup for heat transfer measurements and flow visualizations in two-phase air-
water pipe flow in horizontal positions is shown in Fig 2 and 3.
Fig. 1: Schematic Diagram of Experimental Setup
The setup consists of a double pipe heat exchanger. The test section is an 18.86 mm internal diameter straight brass tube, with
a length to diameter ratio of 85. The heat exchanger dimensions are given in the table 1.
The entire length of the test section is insulated with glass wool. The air from compressor is introduced into cold water supply
through a mixer. The air-water two-phase mixture is passed through the central tube and hot water is passed through annulus. The
hot fluid is heated in a mild steel vessel by using two electric heaters. A temperature controller is used to maintain the inlet
temperature of hot water at constant level. Two centrifugal pumps are used to pump hot and cold water through the heat exchanger.
A reciprocating compressor is used for continuous supply of air to the tube side of the heat exchanger.
Table - 1
Details of the double pipe Heat Exchanger
Exchanger details Values
Material of construction of inner pipe Brass
Inside diameter of inner pipe (𝑑𝑖) 18.86 mm
outside diameter of inner pipe (𝑑 𝑜) 25.5 mm
Inside diameter of outer pipe (𝐷𝑖) 54.5 mm
outside diameter of outer pipe (𝐷 𝑜) 60.5 mm
Pipe length (𝐿) 1.5 m
By controlling the flow rates of air and water, two-phase stratified flow pattern was developed. The mixer is used for mixing air
and water. The mixer consists of a perforated copper tube (6.35 mm I.D.) inserted into the liquid stream by means of a tee fitting
as shown in the figure 2 and 3.
3. Heat Transfer Correlation for Non-Boiling Stratified Flow Pattern
(J4R/ Volume 03 / Issue 11 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 27
Fig. 2: Air –Water Mixer.
Fig. 3: Photograph of Air Water Mixer.
One end of the copper tube is soldered and fifteen holes (5 holes of 1.5 mm, 5holes of 2 mm and 5 holes of 3 mm) are drilled at
900 intervals and equally spaced along the length of the copper tube. The same type of geometry of mixer is used by Ghajar A J4.
The two-phase flow leaving the mixer entered the transparent calming section as shown in the figure 1.
The calming section (clear acrylic pipe with 18.86 mm I.D. and 1m length) served as a flow developing and flow pattern
observation section. One end of the calming section is connected to the gas-liquid mixer and the other end is connected to the test
section with flange as shown in the figure 1. For the horizontal flow measurements, the test section and the observation section are
carefully leveled to eliminate the effect of inclination. In the test section 6 RTD (pt100 type) probes are used for the measurement
of inlet and outlet temperatures of hot water, cold water and air. All the RTD probes are calibrated with standard thermometer
before conducting the experiments.
Experimental Procedure
The heat transfer measurements were carried out by measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures of hot and cold fluid in addition
to other measurements such as the flow rates of gas and liquid. First the experimental runs with only water were carried out. Hot
water at 50 0C was passed through annulus side and cold water was then passed through tube side. The flow rates of hot and cold
water were maintained constant and steady state was allowed to reach. After attainment of steady state all the temperature sensor
readings were noted. For the next run the flow rate of cold water was changed. The hot water flow rate and temperature was kept
constant for all the experimental runs. The two phase air – water experimental runs were carried out in similar fashion. The air was
bubbled through the water phase by using air-water mixer. As the air–water mixture move towards the test section, phase separation
occurred and stratified flow pattern was obtained. This was observed in transparent acrylic tube. The air and water flow rates were
controlled by needle valves. After the steady state condition was obtained, the temperature readings T1 to T6 were noted. The air
and water flow rates were changed for next run in such a way that stratified flow was maintained. The flow rate of air was varied
between 500 to 1000 LPH and water flow rate from 50 to 130 LPH to generate experimental data.
Calculation Methodology
a) The following basic relations were used for calculating the overall heat transfer coefficients and individual inside heat transfer
coefficients on the single phase (water).
The rate of heat transfer for cold water (tube side) was calculated by,
𝑞 𝑊 = 𝑚̇ 𝑊 𝐶 𝑃 (𝑇4 − 𝑇3) (1)
All the specific heat (𝐶 𝑃) data were calculated at average temperature of fluid.
Overall heat transfer coefficient based on inside area (𝑈𝑖) was calculated by following equation,
𝑈𝑖 = 𝑞 𝑊 (𝐴𝑖 ∆𝑇𝐿
̅̅̅̅̅)⁄ (2)
4. Heat Transfer Correlation for Non-Boiling Stratified Flow Pattern
(J4R/ Volume 03 / Issue 11 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 28
Outside (annulus side) heat transfer coefficient (ℎ 𝑜) was calculated by Dittus-Boelter equation,
ℎ 𝑜 𝐷𝑒 𝑘⁄ = 0.023 (𝑅𝑒 𝑜)0.8 (𝑃𝑟𝑜)0.33
(3)
Inside (tube side) heat transfer coefficient (ℎ 𝑊) was calculated by the equation
(1 𝑈𝑖⁄ ) = (1 ℎ 𝑊⁄ ) + (𝑑𝑖) (𝑑 𝑜ℎ 𝑜)⁄ + (𝑥 𝑤 𝑑𝑖) (𝑘 𝑤 𝑑 𝐿
̅̅̅)⁄ (4)
b) The following basic relations were used for calculating the overall heat transfer coefficients and individual heat transfer
coefficients on the air water two phase mixtures.
Overall heat transfer coefficient based on inside area (𝑈𝑖) was calculated by following equation,
𝑈𝑖 = 𝑞 𝑇𝑃 (𝐴𝑖 ∆𝑇𝐿
̅̅̅̅̅)⁄ (5)
Where two phase rate of heat transfer (𝑞 𝑇𝑃) is the sum of rate of heat transfer for water (𝑞 𝑊) and rate of heat transfer rate for air
(𝑞 𝐴)
𝑞 𝑊 = 𝑚̇ 𝑊 𝐶 𝑃 (𝑇4 − 𝑇3) (6)
𝑞 𝐴 = 𝑚̇ 𝐴 𝐶 𝑃 (𝑇6 − 𝑇5) (7)
Outside (annulus side) heat transfer coefficient (ℎ 𝑜) was calculated by Dittus-Boelter equation,
ℎ 𝑜 𝐷𝑒 𝑘⁄ = 0.023 (𝑅𝑒 𝑜)0.8 (𝑃𝑟𝑜)0.33
(8)
Two phase (tube side) heat transfer coefficient (ℎ 𝑇𝑃) was calculated by the equation.
(1 𝑈𝑖⁄ ) = (1 ℎ 𝑇𝑃⁄ ) + (𝑑𝑖) (𝑑 𝑜ℎ 𝑜)⁄ + (𝑥 𝑤 𝑑𝑖) (𝑘 𝑤 𝑑 𝐿
̅̅̅)⁄ (9)
The void fraction (𝛼) is the ratio of the gas flow cross sectional area to the total cross sectional area. It is calculated by 9,
𝛼 = [1 + 𝐾 {(1 − 𝑋) 𝑋⁄ }(𝜌 𝐴 𝜌 𝑊⁄ )]−1
(10)
Where
𝐾 = (𝜌 𝑊 𝜌 𝑚⁄ )0.5
(11)
and
1 𝜌 𝑚⁄ = (1 − 𝑋) 𝜌 𝑊 +⁄ 𝑋 𝜌 𝐴⁄ (12)
The mass flow ratio (also often referred to as the ratio of the gas mass flow rate to the total mass flow rate) is called the ‘quality’
or the ‘dryness fraction’ and is given by5,
𝑋 = 𝑚̇ 𝐴 𝑚̇⁄ (13)
c) To correlate the two phase heat transfer coefficient (ℎ 𝑇𝑃), with single phase heat transfer coefficient (ℎ 𝑊), void fraction (𝛼),
quality(𝑋), and Prandtl number, the modified form of general correlation was used, which was developed by Ghajar A. J.10,
ℎ 𝑇𝑃 = (1 − 𝛼) ℎ 𝑊 [1 + 𝐶 {(
𝑋
1−𝑋
)
𝑚
(
𝛼
1−𝛼
)
𝑛
(
𝑃𝑟 𝐴
𝑃𝑟 𝑊
)
𝑝
(
µ 𝐴
µ 𝑊
)
𝑞
}] (14)
To determine the values of the leading coefficient (C) and the exponents (m, n, p, q, r) in equation (14), the single phase and two
phase heat transfer data was used. Total 26 data points were used for the correlation, by changing the flow rates of water and air.
Polymath software with least square method was used to calculate the leading coefficient and constants in the correlation.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The experimental results of single phase heat transfer (water) were presented in the form of a plot between single phase heat
transfer coefficient and Reynolds number for water in figure 4. From figure, it was observed that single phase heat transfer
coefficient increases with increase in Reynolds number.
Fig. 4: Single Phase (water) Heat Transfer Coefficient (ℎ 𝑊) vs Water Reynolds Number(𝑅𝑒 𝑊).
5. Heat Transfer Correlation for Non-Boiling Stratified Flow Pattern
(J4R/ Volume 03 / Issue 11 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 29
As mentioned earlier, one of the objectives of this study was to systematically gather gas–liquid non-boiling flow heat transfer
data for a stratified flow pattern in a horizontal pipe and use this data for better understand the non-boiling two-phase flow heat
transfer behavior. The two-phase heat transfer data was obtained by systematically varying the air and water flow rates. All
superficial Reynolds number and thermo physical properties used in these calculations were calculated at the bulk average
temperatures of the fluid.
Fig. 5: Two Phase Heat Transfer Coefficient (ℎ 𝑇𝑃) vs Superficial Gas Reynolds Number (𝑅𝑒𝑆𝐴).
From figure 5, it was observed that, the introduction of air even at low flow rate into the water flow increases the heat transfer
coefficient in the range of 3% to 33%. Because, as air flow rate increases the turbulence in water flow increases. Flow pattern,
superficial water Reynolds number and superficial air Reynolds number have pronounced influence on the two phase heat transfer
coefficient.
Fig. 6: Two Phase Heat Transfer Coefficient (ℎ 𝑇𝑃) vs Superficial Water Reynolds Number (𝑅𝑒𝑆𝑊).
Figure 5 & 6 shows the influence of the superficial water Reynolds number and superficial air Reynolds number on the two-
phase heat transfer coefficient in horizontal pipe flow. The results presented in Figure 5 clearly show that, the two-phase heat
transfer coefficients were strongly influenced by the superficial water Reynolds number. The two phase heat transfer coefficient
increases proportionally up to superficial water Reynolds number equal to 3000 and increases drastically after it. In addition, for a
fixed superficial water Reynolds number, the two-phase heat transfer coefficients were also influenced by the superficial air
Reynolds number, however, the influence of superficial air Reynolds number on the two phase heat transfer coefficients was not
as strong as that of superficial water Reynolds number.
6. Heat Transfer Correlation for Non-Boiling Stratified Flow Pattern
(J4R/ Volume 03 / Issue 11 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 30
Fig. 7: Liquid Holdup vs. Superficial Water Velocity.
From figure 7 it was observed that, at constant superficial air velocity, the liquid holdup values were increases with the superficial
water velocity. The relationship between liquid hold up and superficial water velocity is nonlinear. The water local velocity also
increases with increasing superficial water velocity. The overall effect results in faster moving water phase covering a larger portion
of the pipe cross-section and wetting a larger fraction of the pipe wall. Due to which two phase heat transfer coefficient increases.
Fig. 8: Liquid Holdup Vs Superficial Air Velocity.
Figure 8 shows that, Lower liquid holdup values were observed as the superficial air velocity was increased at constant
superficial water velocity. The increase in superficial water velocity is observed due to the higher drag exerted on the water phase
at the interface by the faster moving air. The water moves faster, leaving a smaller amount of water in the pipe at any given time.
The increase in superficial air velocity increases the superficial water velocity and due to this two phase heat transfer coefficient
increases.
Formation of Heat Transfer Correlation
To determine the values of the leading coefficient (𝐶) and the exponents (𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑝, 𝑞 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟) in equation (14), the horizontal pipe
single and two phase heat transfer data was used. Polymath software with least square method was used to calculate the leading
coefficient and constants in the correlation. The modified form of general correlation is,
ℎ 𝑇𝑃 = (1 − 𝛼) ℎ 𝐿 [1 + 9.786 {(
𝑥
1−𝑥
)
−2.18
(
𝛼
1−𝛼
)
5.288
(
𝑃𝑟 𝐺
𝑃𝑟 𝐿
)
−12.9
(
µ 𝐺
µ 𝐿
)
11.24
}] (15)
The equation (15) predicted the experimental data with an overall mean deviation of –4.51%, and a deviation range of –10.56%
to 12%.
7. Heat Transfer Correlation for Non-Boiling Stratified Flow Pattern
(J4R/ Volume 03 / Issue 11 / 005)
All rights reserved by www.journal4research.org 31
Fig. 9: Calculated Two Phase Heat Transfer Coefficient (ℎ 𝑇𝑃 𝐶𝑎𝑙) vs Experimental Two Phase Heat Transfer Coefficient (ℎ 𝑇𝑃 𝐸𝑥𝑝).
Figure (9) shows the graphical relation between experimental and predicted two phase heat transfer coefficients. Eighty five
percent of all the experimental data are predicted by developed correlation within ±7% deviation. This equation is useful for
prediction of two phase heat transfer coefficient for the stratified flow regime in the range of superficial water Reynolds from 2720
to 5740 and superficial air Reynolds number from 563 to 1120.
IV. CONCLUSION
In this experimental work two phase heat transfer coefficient for stratified flow was studied. The experimental data was curved
fitted using polymath software. The following conclusions were observed from single and two phase heat transfer experiments.
The introduction of air in water flow rate increases the heat transfer coefficient from 3% to 33% based on air flow rates.
Both water and air superficial Reynolds number affects two phase heat transfer coefficient but the influence of superficial
water Reynolds number is more than superficial air Reynolds number.
The developed correlation predicts the two phase heat transfer coefficient with a deviation range of –10.56% to 12%. These
results were useful to calculate the two phase heat transfer coefficient for the stratified flow regime. This equation was useful
in the superficial water Reynolds number range of 2720 to 5740 and superficial air Reynolds number range of 563 to 1120.
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