In this work thermal analysis and comparison of various duct cross sections is done computationally using Altair
Hyperworks Software. Simple Analytical results were obtained for conduction and convection through the ducts
which can be used to build up thermal circuit. The inner surface of all ducts is maintained at constant
temperature and ambient air is at certain temperature that is less than inner surface temperature of pipe. Due to
temperature difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. Due to temperature
difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. The material of pipe provides
conductive resistance and air provides convective resistance. Hence this is a mix mode of heat transfer. The heat
transfer takes place in one dimension only and properties are considered to be isotropic. The ducts are assumed
to be made of aluminium having known thermal conductivity and density. The surroundings of ducts have
known convective heat transfer coefficient and temperature. The results are obtained on hyperview which are for
heat flux, temperature gradient and grid temperature. The different characteristics can be obtained by varying the
material of the ducts.
THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND BLOWING FROM THE WALL OF A VERTICAL...ijmech
This article investigates the effects of radiation and blowing from a wall on a turbulent heat transfer in vertical channels with asymmetrical heating. The equations involved were numerically solved with three turbulent models including SpalartAllmaras, R-N-G k-
with"Standard Wall Function" wall nearby model, R-N-G k- with "Enhanced Wall Treatment" wall nearby model and "Ray Tracing" radiation techniques. The results were compares with experimental data and appropriate methods were selected for turbulent modeling. The problem
of Rayleigh number, Reynolds, radiation parameters and Prandtl were solved and the effects of these parameters on the flow lines, lines of constant temperature, radiation, convection, heat transfer caused by blowing and the total heat transfer were determined.
Analytical and Experimental analysis ofthermal characteristics throughTriangu...IJERA Editor
Microscale heat transfer technique is widely intended for best cooling applications in electronic devices as high
heat transfer coefficients are achieved in microscale convection. In present study, analysis of thermal
characteristics has been carried out by analytical calculations along with experimental investigation for a straight
microchannel heat sink of equilateral triangular cross section of 173.21 μm hydraulic diameter with distilled
water as the working fluid. Designed Heater input watts and Reynolds number based on flow rate are varied for
optimized microchannel geometry. Experimental analysis is carried out under constant heat flux condition. The
microchannels are produced on highly accurate micro wire cut EDM. The Reynolds number is varied from 100
to 700. The major intension for this work is to enhance heat transfer coefficient and minimize pressure drop
across microchannel. The Reynolds number, temperature distribution, pressure distribution, heat transfer
coefficient, hydrodynamic entrance length, thermal entrance length, equivalent thermal resistances parameters
are calculated for microchannel heat sink performance analysis. The results of analytical calculations are verified
with experimental investigation. It is found that heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increases with
increase in Reynolds numbers and decrease in microchannel heat sink hydraulic diameter. Also channel length is
directly proportional to temperature rise
technoloTwo dimensional numerical simulation of the combined heat transfer in...ijmech
A numerical investigation was conducted to analyze the flow field and heat transfer characteristics in a vertical channel withradiation and blowing from the wall. Hydrodynamic behaviour and heat transfer results are obtained by the solution of the complete Navier–Stokesand energy equations using a control volume finite element method. Turbulent flow with "Low Reynolds Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model" and radiation with "Discrete Transfer Radiation Method" had been modeled. In order to have a complete survey, this article has a wide range of study in different domains including velocity profiles at different locations, turbulent viscosity, shear stress, suctioned mass flow rate in different magnitude of the input
Rayleigh number, blowing Reynoldsnumber, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, the ratio of length to width and also ratio of opening thickness to width of the channel. In addition, effects of variation in any of the above non-dimensional numbers on parameters of the flow are clearly illustrated. At the end resultants had been compared with experimental data which demonstrated that in the present study, results have a great accuracy, relative errors are very small and the curve portraits are in a great
agreement with real experiments.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF LAMINAR NANOFLUID FLOW IN MICRO CHANNEL HEAT SINKS IAEME Publication
The effect of using nanofluids on heat transfer and aerodynamics characteristics in rectangular shaped micro channel heat sink (MCHS) is numerically investigated for Reynolds number range of (100-400 ) and different value of heat flux (50 , 100, 150 ) / . In this study,the MCHS performance using tow type of nanofluid with volume
fraction 10% was used as a coolant is examined. The three-dimensional steady, laminar flow and heat transfer governing equations are solved using The computational fluid dynamics code (FLUENT). The MCHS performance is evaluated in terms of temperature profile, heat transfer,velocity profile, pressure drop and friction factor.
Effect on heat transfer for laminar flow over Backward Facing Step with squar...ijceronline
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of an adiabatic square cylinder on the heat transfer enhancement in the 2D laminar flow over the Backward Facing Step (BFS). This work also studies the effect of streamwise position of the square cylinder on heat transfer enhancement. The governing equations, for the 2D laminar flow over BFS with a square cylinder placed inside, are solved on nonuniform Cartesian grid using projection method. The individual differential terms of the N-S equations are discretized using a Higher Order Compact Scheme (HOCS). The numerical code is first validated with the results available in the literature. The main advantage of HOCS is to obtain higher order approximations to the derivatives accurately without the necessity of higher number of nodes. Thus reducing the computational cost. It is observed from the numerical experiment that placing the cylinder affects the fluid flow and heat transfer and for XC=1.4, YC = 1.0 and Re= 200, there is a maximum heat transfer enhancement of 193.93%.The results of these numerical experiments are useful in studying the heat transfer enhancement and its dependence on the bluff body and flow characteristics. This work has its applications in engineering problems where the heat transfer in a laminar flow regime can be enhanced using a bluff body. The current work also demonstrates the dependence of horizontal position of cylinder on heat transfer augmentation.
Numerical study of heat transfer in pulsating turbulent air flowMohamed Fadl
A numerical investigation of heat transfer
characteristics of pulsating turbulent flow in a circular
tube is carried out. The flow is thermally and
hydrodynamically fully developed and the tube wall is
subjected to a uniform heat flux. The flow inlet to the
pipe consists of fixed component and pulsating
component that varies sinusoidally with time. The flow
and temperature fields are computed numerically using
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Fluent code.
Prediction of heat transfer characteristics is performed
over a range of 10 4 ≤ Re ≤ 4x10 4 and 0 ≤ ƒ ≤ 70 are
observed. Results showed little reduction in the mean
time-averaged Nusselt number with respect to that of
steady flow. However, in the fully developed
established region, the local Nusselt number either
increases or decreases over the steady flow-values
depending on the frequency parameter. These noticed
deviations are rather small in magnitude for the
computed parameter ranges. The characteristics of heat
transfer are qualitatively consistent with the available
experimental and numerical predictions.
THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND BLOWING FROM THE WALL OF A VERTICAL...ijmech
This article investigates the effects of radiation and blowing from a wall on a turbulent heat transfer in vertical channels with asymmetrical heating. The equations involved were numerically solved with three turbulent models including SpalartAllmaras, R-N-G k-
with"Standard Wall Function" wall nearby model, R-N-G k- with "Enhanced Wall Treatment" wall nearby model and "Ray Tracing" radiation techniques. The results were compares with experimental data and appropriate methods were selected for turbulent modeling. The problem
of Rayleigh number, Reynolds, radiation parameters and Prandtl were solved and the effects of these parameters on the flow lines, lines of constant temperature, radiation, convection, heat transfer caused by blowing and the total heat transfer were determined.
Analytical and Experimental analysis ofthermal characteristics throughTriangu...IJERA Editor
Microscale heat transfer technique is widely intended for best cooling applications in electronic devices as high
heat transfer coefficients are achieved in microscale convection. In present study, analysis of thermal
characteristics has been carried out by analytical calculations along with experimental investigation for a straight
microchannel heat sink of equilateral triangular cross section of 173.21 μm hydraulic diameter with distilled
water as the working fluid. Designed Heater input watts and Reynolds number based on flow rate are varied for
optimized microchannel geometry. Experimental analysis is carried out under constant heat flux condition. The
microchannels are produced on highly accurate micro wire cut EDM. The Reynolds number is varied from 100
to 700. The major intension for this work is to enhance heat transfer coefficient and minimize pressure drop
across microchannel. The Reynolds number, temperature distribution, pressure distribution, heat transfer
coefficient, hydrodynamic entrance length, thermal entrance length, equivalent thermal resistances parameters
are calculated for microchannel heat sink performance analysis. The results of analytical calculations are verified
with experimental investigation. It is found that heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increases with
increase in Reynolds numbers and decrease in microchannel heat sink hydraulic diameter. Also channel length is
directly proportional to temperature rise
technoloTwo dimensional numerical simulation of the combined heat transfer in...ijmech
A numerical investigation was conducted to analyze the flow field and heat transfer characteristics in a vertical channel withradiation and blowing from the wall. Hydrodynamic behaviour and heat transfer results are obtained by the solution of the complete Navier–Stokesand energy equations using a control volume finite element method. Turbulent flow with "Low Reynolds Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model" and radiation with "Discrete Transfer Radiation Method" had been modeled. In order to have a complete survey, this article has a wide range of study in different domains including velocity profiles at different locations, turbulent viscosity, shear stress, suctioned mass flow rate in different magnitude of the input
Rayleigh number, blowing Reynoldsnumber, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, the ratio of length to width and also ratio of opening thickness to width of the channel. In addition, effects of variation in any of the above non-dimensional numbers on parameters of the flow are clearly illustrated. At the end resultants had been compared with experimental data which demonstrated that in the present study, results have a great accuracy, relative errors are very small and the curve portraits are in a great
agreement with real experiments.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF LAMINAR NANOFLUID FLOW IN MICRO CHANNEL HEAT SINKS IAEME Publication
The effect of using nanofluids on heat transfer and aerodynamics characteristics in rectangular shaped micro channel heat sink (MCHS) is numerically investigated for Reynolds number range of (100-400 ) and different value of heat flux (50 , 100, 150 ) / . In this study,the MCHS performance using tow type of nanofluid with volume
fraction 10% was used as a coolant is examined. The three-dimensional steady, laminar flow and heat transfer governing equations are solved using The computational fluid dynamics code (FLUENT). The MCHS performance is evaluated in terms of temperature profile, heat transfer,velocity profile, pressure drop and friction factor.
Effect on heat transfer for laminar flow over Backward Facing Step with squar...ijceronline
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of an adiabatic square cylinder on the heat transfer enhancement in the 2D laminar flow over the Backward Facing Step (BFS). This work also studies the effect of streamwise position of the square cylinder on heat transfer enhancement. The governing equations, for the 2D laminar flow over BFS with a square cylinder placed inside, are solved on nonuniform Cartesian grid using projection method. The individual differential terms of the N-S equations are discretized using a Higher Order Compact Scheme (HOCS). The numerical code is first validated with the results available in the literature. The main advantage of HOCS is to obtain higher order approximations to the derivatives accurately without the necessity of higher number of nodes. Thus reducing the computational cost. It is observed from the numerical experiment that placing the cylinder affects the fluid flow and heat transfer and for XC=1.4, YC = 1.0 and Re= 200, there is a maximum heat transfer enhancement of 193.93%.The results of these numerical experiments are useful in studying the heat transfer enhancement and its dependence on the bluff body and flow characteristics. This work has its applications in engineering problems where the heat transfer in a laminar flow regime can be enhanced using a bluff body. The current work also demonstrates the dependence of horizontal position of cylinder on heat transfer augmentation.
Numerical study of heat transfer in pulsating turbulent air flowMohamed Fadl
A numerical investigation of heat transfer
characteristics of pulsating turbulent flow in a circular
tube is carried out. The flow is thermally and
hydrodynamically fully developed and the tube wall is
subjected to a uniform heat flux. The flow inlet to the
pipe consists of fixed component and pulsating
component that varies sinusoidally with time. The flow
and temperature fields are computed numerically using
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Fluent code.
Prediction of heat transfer characteristics is performed
over a range of 10 4 ≤ Re ≤ 4x10 4 and 0 ≤ ƒ ≤ 70 are
observed. Results showed little reduction in the mean
time-averaged Nusselt number with respect to that of
steady flow. However, in the fully developed
established region, the local Nusselt number either
increases or decreases over the steady flow-values
depending on the frequency parameter. These noticed
deviations are rather small in magnitude for the
computed parameter ranges. The characteristics of heat
transfer are qualitatively consistent with the available
experimental and numerical predictions.
Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Air Flowing Through an ...Bishal Bhandari
The heat transfer coefficient is the most influential parameter in designing of the ducts. The heat transfer coefficient varies with varying velocity, inclination and heat input. The nature of the graph of the convective heat transfer coefficient for a different velocity of air and at a different inclination of the circular Duct was plotted and the result was discussed.
FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN AIR DUCT FLOW WITH AND WITHOUT INTERNAL THREADS USING ...IAEME Publication
Computational heat transfer flow modeling is one of the great challenges in the classical sciences. As with most problems in engineering, the interest in the heat transfer augmentation is increasing due to its extreme importance in various industrial applications. This paper deals with the analysis of heat transfer for fluid flowing through the pipe with and without internal threads using CFD. Using CFD codes for modeling the heat and fluid flow is an efficient tool for predicting equipment performance. CFD offers a convenient means to study the detailed flows and heat exchange processes, which take place inside the tube. Simulations were carried out using commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent version 14.5. Friction factor and Nusselt number for air flowing through the specified tube (internal diameter = 0.005 m, length = 0.1 m) were obtained first for the plain tube and then for the tube with internal threads with pitch 5mm in the Reynolds number range of 2000 to 5000. Finally results will be compared to available experimental and analytical calculations. The data obtained by simulation are matching with the literature value for a plain tube with the discrepancy of less than plus or minus 5% for Nusselt number and for the friction factor.
Enhanced heat transfer for the tube with internal threads has been observed. Heat flux is more uniform all along the tube and decreases uniformly towards the center.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Refrigerant Flow in an Evaporator TubeIJMER
the paper aim is to presenting the heat transfer analysis of refrigerant flow in an evaporator
tube is done. The main objective of this paper is to find the length of the evaporator tube for a pre-defined
refrigerant inlet state such that the refrigerant at the tube outlet is superheated. The problem involves
refrigerant flowing inside a straight, horizontal copper tube over which water is in cross flow. Inlet
condition of the both fluids and evaporator tube detail except its length are specified. here pressure and
enthalpy at discrete points along the tube are calculated by using two-phase frictional pressure drop model.
Predicted values were compared using another different pressure drop model. A computer-code using
Turbo C has been developed for performing the entire calculation
Obtain average velocity from a knowledge of velocity profile, and average temperature from a knowledge of temperature profile in internal flow.
Have a visual understanding of different flow regions in internal flow, and calculate hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths.
Analyze heating and cooling of a fluid flowing in a tube under constant surface temperature and constant surface heat flux conditions, and work with the logarithmic mean temperature difference.
Obtain analytic relations for the velocity profile, pressure drop, friction factor, and Nusselt number in fully developed laminar flow.
Determine the friction factor and Nusselt number in fully developed turbulent flow using empirical relations, and calculate the heat transfer rate.
THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER AND HYDRO DYNAMICAL CHA...ijmech
Compact size and high heat transfer coefficient of helical coil heat exchangers causes them to have an
important role in various industrial applications. This paper investigate numerically on the influence of
different parameters such as coil radius, coil pitch and diameter of tube on the hydrodynamic and
heat transfer characteristics of helical double tube heat exchangers using the CFD software which is
based on the principles of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The results indicated that
heat transfer augmentation occurs by increasing of the inner Dean Number, inner tube diameter, curvature
ratio and by the reduction of the pitch of heat exchanger coil. By increasing the radius of coils, the
secondary flow effects due to centrifugal forces diminishes and flow of fluid through the coils tends to flow
in a straight path and as a result, the friction coefficient decreases consequently.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe-inPipe Helical Coiled...iosrjce
These paper focuses on the effect of the inside tubes at constant value of mass flow rate and variation
of annulus mass flow rate on effect of Dean Number and overall heat transfer coefficient with constant wall
temperature, CFD analysis of a helically coiled heat exchanger. Also deals with the effect of Dean Number with
respect to Reynolds Number and Nusselt Number and Overall Heat Transfer coefficient on change of coil
configuration of helically coiled tube. The particular difference in this study in comparison with the other
similar studies was the boundary conditions for the helical coils. The results indicate that with the decrease the
inner coil diameter, the overall heat transfer coefficient is increased
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Analysis in a Cross flow Heat Ex...IJMER
Heat exchanger is devices used to exchange the heat between two liquids that are at different
temperature .These are used as a reheated in many industries and auto mobile sector and power
plants. The main aim of our project is thermal analysis of heat exchanger with waved baffles for
different types of materials at different mass flow rates and different tube diameters using FLOEFD
software and comparing the results that are obtained. The work is a simplified model for the study of
thermal analysis of shell-and-tubes heat exchangers having water as cold and hot fluid. Shell and
Tube heat exchangers are having special importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-heaters.
They are also widely used in process applications as well as the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry. The robustness and medium weighted shape of Shell and Tube heat exchangers make them
well suited for high pressure operations. The project shows the best material, best boundary conditions
and parameters of materials we have to use for better heat conduction. For this we are chosen a
practical problem of counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger having water, by using the data that
come from cfd analysis. A design of sample model of shell and tube heat exchanger with waved baffles
is using Pro-e and done the thermal analysis by using FLOEFD software by assigning different
materials to tubes with different diameters having different mass flow rates and comparing the result
that obtained from FLOEFD software.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The results show that, with proper selection of physical parameters, significant heat transfer
enhancements and pressure drop reductions can be achieved simultaneously with porous pin fins and
the overall heat transfer performances in porous pin fin channels are much better than those in
traditional solid pin fin channels. The effects of pore density are significant. As PPI increases, the
pressure drops and heat fluxes in porous pin fin channels increase while the overall heat transfer
efficiencies decrease and the maximal overall heat transfer efficiencies are obtained at PPI 20.
Furthermore, the effects of pin fin form are also remarkable. With the same physical parameters, the
overall heat transfer efficiencies in the long elliptic porous pin fin channels are the highest while they
are the lowest in the short elliptic porous pin fin channels
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This work deals with a study on the laminar convective heat flow of a homemade air condition ing unit through a computational fluid dynamics simulation. With adoption of chilled water as the working fluid within a tube section of the evaporative compartment of the homemade air conditioner whose radius is 5mm and Height 20mm .The numerical analysis was carried out using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS.Simulation was carried out, using (276𝐾 (3°C) as the inlet temperature and 293𝐾 (20°C) as the outlet temperature with a flow rate of 0.15 m3 ⁄ s. The result showed the velocity profile of the working fluid and the temperature distribution before, during and after heat exchange, helping to achieve a Visual understanding of the Laminar convective fluid and heat flow phenomena within the cooling coil.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Air Flowing Through an ...Bishal Bhandari
The heat transfer coefficient is the most influential parameter in designing of the ducts. The heat transfer coefficient varies with varying velocity, inclination and heat input. The nature of the graph of the convective heat transfer coefficient for a different velocity of air and at a different inclination of the circular Duct was plotted and the result was discussed.
FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN AIR DUCT FLOW WITH AND WITHOUT INTERNAL THREADS USING ...IAEME Publication
Computational heat transfer flow modeling is one of the great challenges in the classical sciences. As with most problems in engineering, the interest in the heat transfer augmentation is increasing due to its extreme importance in various industrial applications. This paper deals with the analysis of heat transfer for fluid flowing through the pipe with and without internal threads using CFD. Using CFD codes for modeling the heat and fluid flow is an efficient tool for predicting equipment performance. CFD offers a convenient means to study the detailed flows and heat exchange processes, which take place inside the tube. Simulations were carried out using commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent version 14.5. Friction factor and Nusselt number for air flowing through the specified tube (internal diameter = 0.005 m, length = 0.1 m) were obtained first for the plain tube and then for the tube with internal threads with pitch 5mm in the Reynolds number range of 2000 to 5000. Finally results will be compared to available experimental and analytical calculations. The data obtained by simulation are matching with the literature value for a plain tube with the discrepancy of less than plus or minus 5% for Nusselt number and for the friction factor.
Enhanced heat transfer for the tube with internal threads has been observed. Heat flux is more uniform all along the tube and decreases uniformly towards the center.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Refrigerant Flow in an Evaporator TubeIJMER
the paper aim is to presenting the heat transfer analysis of refrigerant flow in an evaporator
tube is done. The main objective of this paper is to find the length of the evaporator tube for a pre-defined
refrigerant inlet state such that the refrigerant at the tube outlet is superheated. The problem involves
refrigerant flowing inside a straight, horizontal copper tube over which water is in cross flow. Inlet
condition of the both fluids and evaporator tube detail except its length are specified. here pressure and
enthalpy at discrete points along the tube are calculated by using two-phase frictional pressure drop model.
Predicted values were compared using another different pressure drop model. A computer-code using
Turbo C has been developed for performing the entire calculation
Obtain average velocity from a knowledge of velocity profile, and average temperature from a knowledge of temperature profile in internal flow.
Have a visual understanding of different flow regions in internal flow, and calculate hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths.
Analyze heating and cooling of a fluid flowing in a tube under constant surface temperature and constant surface heat flux conditions, and work with the logarithmic mean temperature difference.
Obtain analytic relations for the velocity profile, pressure drop, friction factor, and Nusselt number in fully developed laminar flow.
Determine the friction factor and Nusselt number in fully developed turbulent flow using empirical relations, and calculate the heat transfer rate.
THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER AND HYDRO DYNAMICAL CHA...ijmech
Compact size and high heat transfer coefficient of helical coil heat exchangers causes them to have an
important role in various industrial applications. This paper investigate numerically on the influence of
different parameters such as coil radius, coil pitch and diameter of tube on the hydrodynamic and
heat transfer characteristics of helical double tube heat exchangers using the CFD software which is
based on the principles of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The results indicated that
heat transfer augmentation occurs by increasing of the inner Dean Number, inner tube diameter, curvature
ratio and by the reduction of the pitch of heat exchanger coil. By increasing the radius of coils, the
secondary flow effects due to centrifugal forces diminishes and flow of fluid through the coils tends to flow
in a straight path and as a result, the friction coefficient decreases consequently.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Heat exchangers are used widely in industrial application such as chemical,
food processing, power production, refrigeration and air-conditioning
industries. Helical coiled heat exchangers are used in order to obtain a large
heat transfer per unit volume and to enhance the heat transfer rate on the inside
surface. In the present study, CFD simulations are carried out for a counter
flow tube in tube helical heat exchanger where hot water flows through the
inner tube and cold water flows through the outer tube. From the simulation
results heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and nusselt number are
calculated. The heat transfer characteristics of the same are compared with that
of a counter flow tube in tube straight tube heat exchanger of same length
under same temperature and flow conditions. CFD simulation results showed
that the helical tube in tube heat exchanger is more effective than the straight
tube in tube heat exchanger.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe-inPipe Helical Coiled...iosrjce
These paper focuses on the effect of the inside tubes at constant value of mass flow rate and variation
of annulus mass flow rate on effect of Dean Number and overall heat transfer coefficient with constant wall
temperature, CFD analysis of a helically coiled heat exchanger. Also deals with the effect of Dean Number with
respect to Reynolds Number and Nusselt Number and Overall Heat Transfer coefficient on change of coil
configuration of helically coiled tube. The particular difference in this study in comparison with the other
similar studies was the boundary conditions for the helical coils. The results indicate that with the decrease the
inner coil diameter, the overall heat transfer coefficient is increased
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Analysis in a Cross flow Heat Ex...IJMER
Heat exchanger is devices used to exchange the heat between two liquids that are at different
temperature .These are used as a reheated in many industries and auto mobile sector and power
plants. The main aim of our project is thermal analysis of heat exchanger with waved baffles for
different types of materials at different mass flow rates and different tube diameters using FLOEFD
software and comparing the results that are obtained. The work is a simplified model for the study of
thermal analysis of shell-and-tubes heat exchangers having water as cold and hot fluid. Shell and
Tube heat exchangers are having special importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-heaters.
They are also widely used in process applications as well as the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry. The robustness and medium weighted shape of Shell and Tube heat exchangers make them
well suited for high pressure operations. The project shows the best material, best boundary conditions
and parameters of materials we have to use for better heat conduction. For this we are chosen a
practical problem of counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger having water, by using the data that
come from cfd analysis. A design of sample model of shell and tube heat exchanger with waved baffles
is using Pro-e and done the thermal analysis by using FLOEFD software by assigning different
materials to tubes with different diameters having different mass flow rates and comparing the result
that obtained from FLOEFD software.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The results show that, with proper selection of physical parameters, significant heat transfer
enhancements and pressure drop reductions can be achieved simultaneously with porous pin fins and
the overall heat transfer performances in porous pin fin channels are much better than those in
traditional solid pin fin channels. The effects of pore density are significant. As PPI increases, the
pressure drops and heat fluxes in porous pin fin channels increase while the overall heat transfer
efficiencies decrease and the maximal overall heat transfer efficiencies are obtained at PPI 20.
Furthermore, the effects of pin fin form are also remarkable. With the same physical parameters, the
overall heat transfer efficiencies in the long elliptic porous pin fin channels are the highest while they
are the lowest in the short elliptic porous pin fin channels
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This work deals with a study on the laminar convective heat flow of a homemade air condition ing unit through a computational fluid dynamics simulation. With adoption of chilled water as the working fluid within a tube section of the evaporative compartment of the homemade air conditioner whose radius is 5mm and Height 20mm .The numerical analysis was carried out using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS.Simulation was carried out, using (276𝐾 (3°C) as the inlet temperature and 293𝐾 (20°C) as the outlet temperature with a flow rate of 0.15 m3 ⁄ s. The result showed the velocity profile of the working fluid and the temperature distribution before, during and after heat exchange, helping to achieve a Visual understanding of the Laminar convective fluid and heat flow phenomena within the cooling coil.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convective Flow inside a Straight Pipe and B...iosrjce
The present study deals with a numerical investigation of steady laminar and turbulent mixed
convection heat transfer in a horizontal pipe and bend pipe using air as the working fluid.The thermal boundary
condition chosen is that of uniform temperature at the outer wall. Computations were performed to investigate
the effect of inlet Rayleigh number and Reynolds number in the velocity and temperature profile at inside of the
pipe. The secondary flow is more intense in the upper part of the cross-section. It increases throughout the
cross-section until its intensity reaches a maximum, and then it becomes weak at far downstream. For the
horizontal pipe the value of the L/D ratio becomes more than 10 the secondary flow effects are neutralized and
the velocity profile almost become constant throughout.
A Review on Comparison between Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger And Helical Coil...ijiert bestjournal
The curved shape of the tube causes the flowing fluid to experience centrifugal force. The
extent of centrifugal force experienced depends on the local axial velocity of the fluid particle
and radius of curvature of the coil. The fluid particles flowing at the core of the pipe have
higher velocities than those flowing near to the pipe wall. Thus the fluid particles flowing
close to the tube wall experience a lower centrifugal force than the fluid particles flowing in
the tube core. This causes the fluid from the core region to be pushed towards the outer wall.
This stream bifurcates at the wall and drives the fluid towards the inner wall along the tube
periphery, causing generation of counter-rotating vortices called secondary flows which
produce additional transport of the fluid over the cross section of the pipe. This additional
convective transport increases heat transfer and the pressure drop when compared to that in a
straight tube.
Pressure and Heat Transfer over a Series of In-line Non-Circular Ducts in a P...Carnegie Mellon University
Flow and heat transfer for two-dimensional laminar flow at low Reynolds number for five in-line ducts of various cross-sections in a parallel plate channel are studied in this paper. The governing equations were solved using finite-volume method. A commercial CFD software, ANSYS Fluent 14.5 was used to solve this problem. A total of three different non-conventional cross-sections and their characteristics are compared with that of circular cross-section. Shape-1, Shape-2 and Shape-3 performed better for heat transfer rate than the circular cross-section, but also offered higher resistance to the flow. Shape-1 offered less resistance to flow at Re < 200 but post Re = 200 the resistance equalled to that of the Shape-3. In overall, Shape-2 performed better when the heat transfer and resistance to flow were considered.
Thermohydraulic Performance of a Series of In-Line Noncircular Ducts in a Par...Carnegie Mellon University
Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for two-dimensional laminar flow at low Reynolds number for five in-line ducts of
various nonconventional cross-sections in a parallel plate channel are studied in this paper.The governing equations were solved
using finite-volumemethod.CommercialCFDsoftware,ANSYS Fluent 14.5,was used to solve this problem.Atotal of three different
nonconventional, noncircular cross-section ducts and their characteristics are compared with those of circular cross-section ducts.
Shape-2 ducts offered minimum flow resistance and maximum heat transfer rate most of the time. Shape-3 ducts at Re < 100 and Shape-2 ducts at Re > 100 can be considered to give out the optimum results.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Similar to Thermal analysis of various duct cross sections using altair hyperworks software (20)
Review Article on Machining of Nickel-Based Super Alloys by Electric Discharg...sushil Choudhary
Electric discharge machining (EDM) process generally used for burrs free, less metallurgical damage, stress free and very precise machining and produces mould cavity, deep holes, complex shapes & size by arc erosion in all types of electro-conductive materials. In this process, the metal is removed from the work piece due to erosion caused by rapidly recurring spark discharge taking place between the tool electrode and work-piece. Tool electrode and wok-piece both submersed into the dielectric fluid. The main aims of this review paper work is to present the consolidated information about the contribution of various researchers on the machining applications of electric discharge machining process on Nickel-Base Super alloys materials, utilization of various tool and techniques for correlating experiment results and applications of product through the EDM. Nickel-Base Super alloys materials is widely used for fuel tanks, aircraft & rocket engine components, nuclear fuel element spacers, casings, fasteners, rings, seal, measuring instrument, cryogenic storage tanks and automobile components etc.
Design and fabrication of dual chargeable bicyclesushil Choudhary
With the increase in fuel prices, pollution content in atmosphere and due to gradual end of the non renewable sources
of energy we have to alter the source of our energy in our vehicles. Considering all these reasons we have to switch
over to other sources of energy instead of using conventional sources such as petrol which in future will be going to
extinct. One way to alter the energy source is to go for electric vehicles or e bikes. Electric driven vehicles uses
battery as a source of energy which provide power to motor which in turn provide torque to wheels .The old design
of electric bicycle was having only a single mode of charging, it was just capable to travel 15 km through battery and
was not ergonomically good. The new design uses a low rpm alternator for charging the battery by keeping it in
contact with front wheel .A Motor of 0.5hp provides torque to the rear wheel and the gear ratio is kept 5:2 .battery
discharging time is approximately 2 hrs and charging time through alternator is 1 hour and the bicycle can attain a
maximum speed of 15 km/hr. This work is more beneficial in hilly region and confined areas like college campus
and schools, generating zero pollution, zero noise effect and no fuel consumption.
Optimization of edm for mrr of inconel 600 using taguchi methodsushil Choudhary
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is convert electrical energy into heat energy between the work piece and tool electrode in the presence of dielectric fluid like, EDM oil, to process conductive difficult-to-machine materials. EDM process is has been applicable in the machining of hard, brittle and all kinds of electric conductive materials. This process widely used for produces die making, mould making, complex shapes, deep holes and other geometrical shapes as per desire. Inconel 600 super alloy materials widely used in various types of industries such as: aerospace, aircraft, nuclear, food processing, pulp manufacturing, automobiles industry etc. In this study, investigations on the effect of process parameters on machining of Inconel 600 super alloy material. Tungsten carbide material used as tool electrode and EDM oil used as dielectric fluid. The effects of input process parameters such as pulse-on-time, peak current and gap voltage on performance measure material removal rate was investigated using Taguchi method. MRR is lineally increases with the increase in peak current during the EDM process. MRR is increases with the increase in gap voltage. Initially MRR increases with increase in pulse on time then decreases with the increase of pulse on time.
The energy of sea waves can be absorbed by wave energy converters in a variety of manners, but in every case
the transferred power is highly fluctuating in several time-scales, especially the wave-to-wave or the wave group
time-scales. In most devices developed or considered so far, the final product is electrical energy to be supplied
to a grid. This paper discusses the use of sea wave energy with the help of oscillating column. The mechanism
converts the wave energy in to electrical power by converting the oscillating motion of waves in to rotary
motion. Using compression ring we can store the power produced by the impact. This stored energy can be
utilized in other strokes. The sea, which covers three quarters of the world’s surface, has been little utilized to
meet the peoples’ energy needs.
Role of Cloud Computing Technology in Agriculture Fieldssushil Choudhary
Use of Cloud computing technology in agricultural areas has greater chance in the overall development of India.
An effective implementation of cloud computing is encouraging in agricultural sector. Cloud Computing is
emerging today as a commercial infrastructure that eliminates the need for maintaining expensive computing
hardware, software, Information technology, staff, infrastructure, recourses and their maintenance. Cloud
computing is a network-based environment that focuses on sharing computations, Cloud computing networks
access to a shared pool of configurable networks, servers, storage, service, applications & other important
computing resources. In modern era of cloud computing technology very helpful for centralized the allagricultural
related data bank (Soil-related, weather, Research, Crop, Farmers, Agriculture marketing, fertilizers
and pesticide information) in the cloud. In this paper, also discuss Computing model, characteristics,
deployment model, cloud service model, cloud benefits and challenge of cloud computing in agriculture field.
Design and fabrication of variable steering ratio mechanism for light Motor v...sushil Choudhary
To facilitate easy and proper steering of the vehicle while negotiating a turn, as per the requirements of driver in
different situations like hair pin bends in hilly regions, sudden turns in highways and city streets or in sports car
during race events an improved steering system is needed to address these problems. The steering arrangement
used in a normal automobile was investigated and to solve the above problems a variable steering ratio
mechanism was designed and fabricated, with the aim to determine if incorporation of variable steering ratio
mechanism will make an improvement in the steady and transient state handling of the automobile. The size of
the pinion gear and the number of teeth on the gear determine the rack-and-pinion steering ratio. The steering
wheel must be turned one revolution to turn the front wheels one sixteenth of a turn, the steering ratio is 1 to
1/16. Reversing the numbers gives a ratio of 16 to 1, or 16:1. This steering ratio is always fixed. A variable
steering ratio mechanism was fabricated by using constant mesh type gears from Bajaj-Super and steering
mechanism from Tata-Nano. Gear housing using wood is created and gear shifting arrangement incorporated. It
was observed that on engaging the 1st gear steering ratio is increased to 9.92:1. On engaging the 2nd gear
steering ratio is increased to 7.20:1, On engaging the 3rd gear steering ratio is increased to 4.96:1 On engaging
the 4th gear steering ratio is increased to 3.52:1. The effort required for steering is increased due to these ratios
as energy is lost due to friction. This mechanism can only be practical if used in conjugation with power assist.
Cloth washing is one of the essential parts of the life but it is considered undesirable because of the involvement
of efforts, time, energy and cost. Nowadays a wide variety of washing machines are available in the market and
there is a tough competence among the manufacturers. The cost of washing machine varying from Rs.10,000 to
1,50,000 depending upon features and capabilities. Very costly washing machines are equipped with facility of
dry cleaning too. All of the washing machines available in the market are electric power driven and basic
principle of their operation depends upon creation of the turbulent flow of detergent around the dirty clothes.
Drying of the clothes is based upon rotation of wet clothes at very high rpm so that water droplets can be
separated out due to centrifugal action. In our country where approximately 70% population is living with very
poor economic status, those people cannot have a washing machine because of cost constraints and
unavailability of electricity due to any reason. The present work is an attempt to develop a concept to make a
cloth washing mechanism which can meet out the requirements of above mentioned 70% population of the
nation. Working principle of this concept is no more different from available similar type of machine with a
difference driving mechanism of the machine. The objective of bringing down the initial cost and operating cost
of washing machine is almost achieved in present work within the limitation of work as mentioned.
Fabrication and Study of Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Bio...sushil Choudhary
In the present work experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of bamboo fibres at
different weight percentages (20, 30 and 40) to modify epoxy resin. Tests are conducted on 100 kN servohydraulic
universal testing machine under displacement mode of control, digital Rockwell hardness testing
machine and impact testing machine. Modifying epoxy resin through bamboo fibres and improve mechanical
properties is main focus of this study. Bamboo fibres at different wt% (20, 30 and 40) are filled in epoxy resin
and the effects of mixing bamboo fibres on mechanical and physical properties are studied. On the basis of
mechanical testing results it is found that 30 wt% of bamboo fibre mixed epoxy is giving optimum mechanical
properties. The addition of bamboo fibres has improved tensile, flexural and impact properties of epoxy resin
and increased water absorption of the material. On the basis of overall study the epoxy modified with 30% of
bamboo fibre is found to be better than other combinations.
Electronic Head Lamp Glare Management System for Automobile Applicationssushil Choudhary
Headlamp glare is an issue that has grown in terms of public awareness over the past decade.
High beam of headlight of an on-coming car has blinding effect and decreases visibility during night
driving dangerously. The drivers of most vehicles use high, bright beam while driving at night. This causes
a discomfort to the person traveling from the opposite direction. He experiences a sudden glare for a short
period of time. This is caused due to the high intense headlight beam from the other vehicle coming
towards him from the opposite direction. We are expected to dim the headlight to avoid this glare. This
glare causes a temporary blindness to a person resulting in road accidents during the night. This model
concept eliminates the requirement of manual switch by the driver which is not done at all time. This
concept very useful in the automobile field applications, which provides safety of driver during night
driving. The construction, working, advantages & future scope of the system is discussed detail in this
paper.
Identification of Critical Issues and Solutions during ERP Software Developme...sushil Choudhary
Information technology is revolutionizing the way the business intelligence is being done. For any organization to succeed, all business unit or departments should work in harmony towards a common goal. ERP is a very powerful tool, which provides perfect information system to maintain the various functional business modules of an enterprise. Most organization is turning to available ERP software package for solution to their information management problem. ERP package if chosen correctly, implemented sensibly and used capably will enhance the output and profit of the any association considerably. ERP software package is at the cutting frame of information system technology. ERP software package help to manage institute and firm extensive business processes, using a common database and shared management reporting tool. ERP software supports the well-organized operation of business actions, including sales, marketing, manufacturing, accounting and staffing. The aim of this study is to provide a contribution to the research field of the ERP software development life cycle (SDLC), critical success factors, issues for ERP package development and implementation with various kinds of organization and discuss about the Essential factor for ERP Selection and ERP Benefits etc.
Study about the Types of Information Technology Service for Supply Chain Mana...sushil Choudhary
The globalization of company is the excellent object to happen to supply chain management (SCM) in the last 30 years. This study tries to describe the impact of information technology (IT) in supply chain management (SCM). The criteria include the applications of Information Technology (IT) to get the high firm performance comprising marketing performance, financial performance, and customer satisfaction. The information and communication technologies create as one of the biggest consent of the current supply chain management (SCM). This study focuses on one of the vital use of information technologies in SCM background, that is to say Materials Requirement Planning (MRP), manufacturing resource planning (MRP-II), Enterprise resources planning (ERP), SCM-software, Electronic data Interchange, Bar Coding and Scanner, Radio Frequency-Identification technology (RFID) Supply Chain Execution software, Wide Area network (WAN) Technologies, Metropolitan Area network (MAN) Technologies, Local Area network (LAN) Technologies Internet and intranet service etc. These types and ways of information technologies related to supply chain management is examine.
study about the supply chain, flexibility and bullwhip effect on scm in small...sushil Choudhary
The purpose of this work is to study, bullwhip effect on supply chain management and discuss the
develop a conceptual model on the potential barriers in the implementation of supply chain flexibility in small-scale
industries. The model suggests that supply chain flexibility can be researched using a three-tier approach:
identification of risks, identification of potential barriers emerging from these risks, identification of bridges to these
barriers. The proposed is based on the view of problems of small-scale industries as well as the limited research on
supply chain flexibility. The studies indicated that the three main barriers to flexibility in supply chains are
improper integration between systems, Supply Chain Function cost and quickening pace of product innovation.
Some ways to overcome these barriers and act as bridges are also summarized. The field of study of supply chain
flexibility presents numerous options for fresh research work.
Review Study and Importance of Micro Electric Discharge Machiningsushil Choudhary
Micro EDM process is one of the micro- machining processes. It can be used to machine micro features and
makes a micro parts. There is a huge demand in the production of microstructures by a non-traditional method
which known as Micro-EDM. Micro-EDM process is based on the thermoelectric energy between the workpiece
and an electrode. Micro-EDM is a newly developed method to produce micro-parts which in the range of
50 μm -100 μm. Micro-EDM is an efficient machining process for the fabrication of a micro-metal hole with
various advantages resulting from its characteristics of non-contact and thermal process. A pulse discharges
occur in a small gap between the work piece and the electrode and at the same time removes the unwanted
material from the parent metal through the process of melting and vaporization. This paper describes the
importance, parameters, principle, difference between Macro and micro EDM, applications and advantages of μ-
EDM and discuss about the literature reviews based on performance measure in micro- EDMP process.
Designing the Process of Stores Management for Implementing ERP in Manufactur...sushil Choudhary
This paper describes the importance of ERP in manufacturing industries and examines the various articles
published by eminent Researchers in the field of ERP. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software presents a
frame work for organizations to better utilize their processes. The report is about windows based application.
The main idea of this paper is to handle the all details of stores management system. In this project software
package has been developed to smoothen the processing of item transaction in stores such as item receive, item
issue & report generation such as stock statement, issue register & receive register etc. This Software will help in
automating all the process like receiving and issuing application in stores.
Developed the Inventory Management System for ERP Implementing in Manufacturi...sushil Choudhary
This paper deals with development of inventory management system for a manufacturing Industry. The developed software System is easy to use, less time consuming & all detail about the inventory items & transaction status. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software presents a frame work for organizations to better utilize their processes. The report is about windows based application. The Front-end is developed using Visual Basic. A visual programming environment provides all features that are required to develop graphical user interface as ready to use components. The programmer does not have to write code to create and display commonly required user-friendly features each time around. The Backend used is SQL server database that ensures total security and no data loss or corruption. The database management systems are warehouses of information, where large amount of data can be stored. The Reports are developed using Crystal Report. Crystal Reports is the standard reporting tool for Visual Studio .NET. It brings the ability to create interactive, presentation-quality content; to the .NET platform. Crystal report is an integral part of the Visual Studio .NET environment. The main idea of this paper is to handle the all details of inventory management system. In this software package has been developed to smoothen the processing of item transaction in inventory such as item receive, item issue & report generation such as stock statement, issue register & receive register etc. This Software will help in automating all the process like receiving and issuing application in inventory. Key Words: ERP, Inventory management, Front-end Database SQL, Back end- Visual basic
Current Advanced Research Development of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM): ...sushil Choudhary
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is one of the most commonly used nonconventional
precise material removal processes. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a process for
shaping hard metals and forming deep complex shaped holes by arc erosion in all kinds of electroconductive
materials. Erosion pulse discharge occurs in a small gap between the work piece and the
electrode. This removes the unwanted material from the parent metal through melting and vaporizing in
presence of dielectric fluid. In recent years, EDM researchers have explored a number of ways to improve
EDM Process parameters such as Electrical parameters, Non-Electrical Parameters, tool Electrode based
parameters & Powder based parameters. This new research shares the same objectives of achieving more
efficient metal removal rate reduction in tool wear and improved surface quality. This paper reviews the
research work carried out from the inception to the development of die-sinking EDM, Water in EDM, dry
EDM, and Powder mixed electric Discharge Machining. Within the past decade. & also briefly describing the Current Research technique Trend in EDM, future EDM research direction.
Current Research development in Dry Electric Discharge Machining (DEDM): Revi...sushil Choudhary
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) has been
recognized as an efficient production method for precision
machining of electrically conducting hardened materials.
EDM in gaseous media is one of the fastest growing branches
among institutions involved in the research and development
of EDM as green manufacturing process Dry EDM is an
environmental friendly machining process were liquid
dielectric fluid is replaced by gaseous dielectric fluids. Present
& past performance of dry EDM process using various types
of gases & their mixtures as dielectric medium. The main
objective is to study the effect of pulse-on time, pulse-off time,
gap voltage, open voltage, servo voltage, discharge current;
polarity, pulse width, duty factor, gas or air pressure,
electrode rotation speed on Material removal Rate (MRR),
Surface Roughness (Ra) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR) also
discussed resulting finding condition for machining of
material depends on the optimization techniques or criteria.
Development of Dry EDM Technology enhance the
performance parameters such as material removal rate
(MRR), Low tool wear rate (TWR), thin recast layer.
Latest Research Trend of optimization Techniques in Electric Discharge Machin...sushil Choudhary
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non
conventional machining process which can be used to
machine electrically conductive work piece. The
electric discharge machine provides an effective
solution for machining hard conductive materials and
reproducing complex shapes. EDM involves the
phenomena such as: spark initiation, dielectric
breakdown, and thermo-mechanical erosion of metals.
High cost of non conventional machine tools,
compared to conventional machining, Optimization is
one of the techniques used in manufacturing process
area to arrive for the best manufacturing conditions,
which is an essential need for industries towards
manufacturing of quality products at lower cost. In
this paper various optimization technique such as
Taguchi method, artificial neural network (ANN),
Genetic Algorithms (GA), grey relational analysis
(GRA), Response Surface Methodology (RSM) used
in the field of electric discharge machining process.
The main objectives of optimization are to (i)
maximize the material removal rate (MRR), (ii)
minimize the surface roughness value and (iii)
maximize the tool wear ratio.
In the last decades, industrial automation has become a driving force in all production systems. Technologies and architectures have
emerged alongside the growing organizational structures of production plants. Industrial automation plays an important role in industrial and manufacturing environment. Industrial automation means automatically control of industrial appliances which save money, time also reduce human efforts. Automation devices such as controllers and data systems and/or services. Systems and methods are provided that receive statements or other unit of data interaction from an automation device, provide the statements to an appropriate system or service for processing, and optionally return a response such as a result set. In this paper brief study about the automation, level of automation, Industrial automation and types of industrial automation etc.
Latest development of cloud computing technology, characteristics, challenge,...sushil Choudhary
Cloud computing is a network-based environment that focuses on sharing computations, Cloud computing networks access to a shared pool of configurable networks, servers, storage, service, applications & other important Computing resources. In modern era of Information Technology, the accesses to all information about the important activities of the related fields. In this paper discuss the advantages, disadvantages, characteristics, challenge, deployment model, cloud service model, cloud service provider & various applications areas of cloud computing such as small & large scale (manufacturing, automation, television, broadcast, constructions industries), Geographical Information system (GIS), Military intelligence fusion (MIS), business management, banking, Education, healthcare, Agriculture sector, E-Governance, project planning, cloud computing in family etc. Keywords: Cloud computing, community model, hybrid model, Public model, private model
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Thermal analysis of various duct cross sections using altair hyperworks software
1. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
30
Thermal analysis of various duct cross sections using altair
hyperworks software
Sanjeev Kumar
M. Tech, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology,
Dwarahat, Almora, UK, India, 263653, Email id: Sanjeev33819@gmail.com
Satyendra Singh
Associate professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology,
Dwarahat, Almora, UK, India, 263653, E-mail: ssinghiitd@rediffmail.com
Ravi Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology,
Dwarahat, Almora, UK, India, 263653, E-mail: 21ravi@gmail.com
Sushil Kumar Choudhary
Research Scholar, Industrial & Production Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, UK, India, 263145, E-mail:Sushil_think@rediffmail.com
Abstract
In this work thermal analysis and comparison of various duct cross sections is done computationally using Altair
Hyperworks Software. Simple Analytical results were obtained for conduction and convection through the ducts
which can be used to build up thermal circuit. The inner surface of all ducts is maintained at constant
temperature and ambient air is at certain temperature that is less than inner surface temperature of pipe. Due to
temperature difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. Due to temperature
difference heat will flow from higher temperature to lower temperature. The material of pipe provides
conductive resistance and air provides convective resistance. Hence this is a mix mode of heat transfer. The heat
transfer takes place in one dimension only and properties are considered to be isotropic. The ducts are assumed
to be made of aluminium having known thermal conductivity and density. The surroundings of ducts have
known convective heat transfer coefficient and temperature. The results are obtained on hyperview which are for
heat flux, temperature gradient and grid temperature. The different characteristics can be obtained by varying the
material of the ducts.
Keywords: Ducts, Altair Hyperworks
1. INTRODUCTION
A duct system installation is designed to ensure the thermal and acoustic comfort of a building’s occupants, use
energy efficiently and comply fully with safety requirements. Installation design takes into account the air
exchange rates in the building, the number of its occupants and their activities, its interior characteristics and the
materials from which it is constructed. Associated with pipelines, dump combustors; different ducting devices
etc. are examples of the turbulent flow through change in cross section. To improve the performance of such
applications, an accurate description of the flow patterns are required. The numerical analysis of the flow
through an problem the experimental results are very rare because it is both difficult and costly to make detailed
flow measurements under real operating conditions. So the numerical analysis becomes an extremely important
and significant tool for the visualization and simulation of these types of problems. The flow in such devices is
very complicated owing to generation of recirculation bubble and thereby changing the downstream flow
structures. The sudden change in the surface geometry of the passage increases the pressure along the direction
of flow. Due to this adverse pressure gradient the boundary layer separates at the sharp step edge. The resulting
flow in the downstream thus behaves essentially like a free shear layer.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The convective heat transfer coefficient term is used to describe heat transfer from surface to a moving fluid. The
flow may be forced using some external means or free caused by buoyancy forces arising from density
difference. The flow may be laminar and turbulent which depends upon the Reynold’s number. Heat transfer rate
tends to be much higher in turbulent flow than in laminar flow. The rate of heat transfer by convection is usually
function of surface area, geometry and thermo physical properties Mills and Ganesan, Second Edition (2009). In
an external flow heat transfer is directly proportional to the temperature difference. When convective heat
transfer coefficient is known than that can be finding by correlation given in hand book for external and internal
flow. Knowing the value of h we can find the rate of heat transfer rate. Here, in the given case we know the
2. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
31
value of convective heat transfer coefficient. Laufer carried out in detail the first experiment on the fully
developed turbulent flow in a circular duct. Chaurvedi first analyzed the flow characteristics in the axi-
symmetric expansion. The effects of the sudden expansions and compressions on the turbulent boundary layer
were presented by White. Vasilev et al numerically computed the turbulent flow in the sudden expansion of the
channel. Szymocha presented the experimental analysis for the turbulent water flow in the downstream of a
plane symmetric sudden expansion. Asymmetric contraction exists in case of flow diversion when the
construction is needed in a part of the channel and the flow is running in the other part. The flow through the
contracted section may be critical, sub critical or supercritical with sub critical flow upstream. In these studies,
the effects of horizontal asymmetric channel contraction on the flow characteristics are presented and discussed
based on experimental observations. He investigated the effect of asymmetric sudden and gradual contraction
parameters on the flow when it changes from sub critical to supercritical through the contracted reach of the
channel. G.Satish describes an analytical approach to describe the areas where Pipes (used for flow of fluids) are
mostly susceptible to damage and tries to visualize the flow behavior in various geometric conditions of a pipe.
The author suitably to discount macro scale hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics in favour of velocity slip
conditions and free molecular flow analysis techniques. Then, an overview of macro scale fluid mechanics is
given for pressure driven internal flow. These equations and derivations represent the foundational assumptions,
theories, and flow behaviours of Newtonian fluids, and can be found in most introductory textbooks on the
subject.
3. OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT WORK
Effort has been made to predict the heat flux and temperature gradient on the outer surface of the ducts under
consideration. Subsequently, the type of duct can be selected as per the applications either heat transfer
maximization or minimization.
4. MATHEMATICAL MODELING
4.1 Heat conduction through circular duct
Governing Equation
Assumptions
1. One dimensional steady state heat transfer.
2. Constant thermal conductivity of material.
3. No heat generation in the material.
4. The heat transfer coefficient between the duct and the surrounding fluid, i.e., air is constant.
5. Heat transfer by radiation is negligible.
Governing differential equation for the heat transfer through circular duct is as follows:
Figure 1 shows a circular duct cross section of inside radius r1, outside radius r2, length L, and thermal
conductivity k. The inside and outside surfaces are maintained at constant temperatures Ts,1 and Ts,2,
respectively with Ts,1 > Ts,2. Ambient temperature is T∞=25°C
Fig.1 Heat transfer through a circular duct
For steady-state conduction in the radial direction with no internal heat generation and constant thermal
conductivity, the general heat conduction equation is as follows:
Boundary Conditions
a) The temperature at the inner surface of the duct, i.e., at 20mm radius is 50° C.
Mathematically: T (r1=20mm) = 50° C
(b)The ambient temperature is 25° C.
Mathematically:qcond(r2=25mm) = hdt
3. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
32
4.2 Thermal Resistance Concept
The thermal resistance can be expressed as electrical analogy given as:
T1 ---------////-------////----------- T∞
Fig.2 Conductive and Convective resistance
Fig. 2 shows a circular duct cross section of inside radius r1, outside radius r2 and thermal conductivity k. The
inside surface is maintained at constant temperatures T1. Ambient temperature is T∞=25°C. The convective heat
transfer coefficient of surroundings is h.
The overall heat transfer is given by:
Where Rth is total thermal resistance and is sum of conductive and convective resistance.
∑Rth = Rcond + Rconv
Where,
Rate of heat transfer is given by:
5. PROBLEM FORMULATION
In the present work thermal analysis is done for the four types of ducts. Inner cross sections are same of all ducts.
The circular duct is taken as reference. This implies the rectangular, square, elliptical have the same inner cross
sections as that of circular. The material thickness is same in all types of ducts. The material thickness is to be
taken 5 mm. The material of ducts is aluminium. In this case, the inner surface of the duct is constant 50ºCdue to
flow of hot fluid. The ambient temperature is 25ºC. The direction heat flow will be from inner surface towards
the surroundings. The material and the surroundings will provide the resistance to heat flow.The ducts
considered for analysis are
(a) Circular duct
(b) Rectangular duct
(c) Square duct
(d) Elliptical duct
Fig.3 Circular Duct
4. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
33
Dimensions:
(a) Circular duct
The dimensions of the circular duct are as follows:
The inner radius of the circular duct =20mm
Outer radius of the circular duct=25mm
Length of the circular duct=100mm
b) Rectangular duct
The dimensions of the rectangular duct are as follows:
-For the inner cross section
The length to width ratio =2:1
Length=50.142mm
Width=25.071mm
-For the outer cross section
Length=60.142mm
Width=35.071mm
Length=100mm
Fig.4 Rectanular Duct
(c) Square duct
The dimensions of the square duct are as follows:
For the inner cross section
The dimension =35.449mm
For the outer cross section
The dimension=45.456mm
Length=100mm
Fig. 5 Square duct
(d) Elliptical duct
The dimensions of the elliptical duct are as follows:
The ratio of major to minor axis=2:1
For inner cross section
The dimension of the major axis=28.2842mm
The dimension of the minor axis=14.1421mm
For outer cross section
The dimension of the major axis=33.2842mm
The dimension of the minor axis=19.1421mm
The Length=100mm
Fig.6 Elliptical duct
5. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
34
Table-1 Properties used in analysis
1. Material of joints Aluminium
2. Density(ρ) 2700kg/m3
3. Thermal conductivity(k) 237 W/m.K
4. Coefficient of thermal expansion(α) 23.5×10-6
/K
5. Poisson’s Ratio(µ) 0.30
6. Young’s Modulus(E) 68.3 GPa
7. Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient(h) 20 W/m2
.K
The modelling and meshing of the ducts according to the dimensions mentioned is done in HyperMesh. The
thermal analysis is done in Radioss.
System of units used in RADIOSS
The unit system used for analysis in RADIOSS is millimetre-second-tonne (mm-s-t). In this system the length,
time and mass are considered in millimetre, seconds and tonnes respectively. So, units of flux and temperature
gradient in the results are as follows:
Flux: ×103
W/m2
Temperature Gradient: K/mm
6. ABOUT ALTAIR HYPERWORKS
Altair Hyper Works is the engineering frame work for product design for maximizing product performance,
automating design process and improving profitability with an open and flexible environment. Built from the
core up to be programmable, automated and interoperable with all major commercial CAD system and CAE
solvers. Hyper works enable innovation by providing high end, value–based product design solution within one
common engineering environment.
7. PROCEDURE
7.1 Modelling and Meshing In Hyper Mesh
The modelling of the ducts is done in Hyper Mesh as per the dimensions mentioned in previous section. The
meshing of the models is also done in Hyper Mesh. The element density for all the joints is taken same, i.e., 40.
Firstly, a 2D mesh is generated. Taking it as a reference the final 3D mesh is generated. It is also important to
delete every other geometries and elements by masking the 3D mesh because they can create hurdles during the
thermal analysis in radios. The final meshed joints are shown below:
Fig.7 Meshing of circular duct
Fig.8 meshing of rectangular ducts
6. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
35
Fig.9 meshing of square and elliptical duct
7.2 Analysis in RADIOSS
Steps in given problem
• Create the thermal material and property
• Create and apply the thermal boundary conditions on the model
• Submit the job to RADIOSS
• Post-process the results in Hyper View
Step 1: Load the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User Profile and draw the model.
Step 2: Create the thermal material properties. Create the material and property collectors before creating the
component collectors.
Step 3: Link the material and property to the existing structure. Once the material and property are defined, they
need to be linked to the structure.
Step 4: Create temperatures on the inner surface of the duct joint.
Step 5: Create ambient temperature.
Step 6: Create CHBDYE surface elements for heat convection. Surface elements are to be created to simulate
the heat exchange between the solid pipe and the surrounding air.
Step 7: Define the convection boundary condition to surface elements
Step 8: Create a heat transfer load step. A RADIOSS steady state heat convection load step will be created
which references the thermal boundary conditions in the load collector spc temp. The gradient, flux, and
temperature output for the heat transfer analysis will also be requested in the load steps panel.
Step 9: Launch RADIOSS View and Post process the Results. Gradient temperatures and flux contour results for
the steady state heat conduction analysis are computed from RADIOSS. Hyper View will be used to post process
the results.
Fig. 10 The ducts after applying the loads and boundary conditions
Results are viewed in Hyper View.
8. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
8.1 Contour Plots Heat flux
(a) Circular Duct
Fig.11circular duct
7. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
36
The maximum heat flux on the outer surface of circular duct ranges from 0.5266 to 0.5335 units. Therefore the
average maximum heat flux is 0.530 units, i.e., 530 W/m2
.
(b) Rectangular Duct
Fig.12 Rectangular duct
The maximum heat flux on the outer surface of rectangular duct ranges from 0.4999 to 0.5578 units. Therefore
the average maximum heat flux is 0.529 units, i.e., 529 W/m2
(c) Square Duct
Fig. 13 Square duct
The maximum heat flux on the outer surface of square duct ranges from 0.5009 to 0.5588 units. Therefore the
average maximum heat flux is 0.5299 units, i.e., 529.9 W/m2
.
(d) Elliptical Duct
Fig.14 Elliptical duct
The maximum heat flux on the outer surface of elliptical duct ranges from 0.5104 to 0.5305 units. Therefore the
average maximum heat flux is 0.5205 units, i.e., 520.5 W/m2
.
8.2 Contour Plots Temperature Gradient
(a) Circular Duct
Fig.15 Temperature gradient-Circular duct
8. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
37
The maximum temperature gradient on the outer surface of circular duct ranges from 0.002222 to 0.002251
K/mm. Therefore the average maximum temperature gradient is 0.002237 K/mm.
(b) Rectangular Duct
Fig.16 Tempareture gradient-Circular Duct
The maximum temperature gradient on the outer surface of rectangular duct ranges from 0.002109 to 0.002354
K/mm. Therefore the average maximum temperature gradient is 0.002232 K/mm.
(c) Square Duct
Fig.17 Square duct
The maximum temperature gradient on the outer surface of square duct ranges from 0.002114 to 0.002358
K/mm. Therefore the average maximum temperature gradient is 0.002236 K/mm.
(d)Elliptical Duct
Fig.18 Elliptical duct
The maximum temperature gradient on the outer surface of elliptical duct ranges from 0.002154 to 0.002238
K/mm. Therefore the average maximum temperature gradient is 0.002196 K/mm.
8.3 Graphs
(a) Circular Duct
(b)Rectangular Duct
(c)Square Duct
(d) Elliptical Duct
Graph.1 Max. Flux (avg.) in outer surface
9. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online)
Vol.5, No.11, 2014
38
Fig. 19 heat flux
Fig.20 max temperature gradient
9. CONCLUSION
The maximum heat flux on the outer surface is available in the circular duct. Thus, it can be used in applications
where maximization of heat transfer is desired. The minimum heat flux on the outer surface is available in the
elliptical duct. Thus, it can be used in applications where minimization of heat transfer is desired.
REFRENCES
1. Y. A. Cengel (2010) “Heat and Mass Transfer – A Practical Approach. 3rd ed.” Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Mahesh M. Rathore (2010) “Engineering Heat and Mass Transfer. 2nd
ed.” University Science Press.
3. ISOVER, HVAC Ducts Handbook. 2012.
4. Spiral Manufacturing Co., Inc. (2013) “A Complete Line of High Pressure Ductwork”, Volume 5.
5. Y. A. Cengel and M. A. Boles (2010) “Thermodynamics – Engineering Approach. 6th
ed.”, Tata McGraw
Hill.
6. Brekovsky , B.M. Polyvikov, V.K., (1987) “Numerical study of problem on high intensive free convection”
7. Jian Su, (2001) “Improved lumped models for asymmetric cooling of a long slab by heat convection”, Int.
Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 28, pp.973-983.
8. Fried, E (1970) “Thermal conduction contribution to heat transfer at contacts” pp. 24-33.
9. Keshavarz P. & Taheri M. (2007), “An improved lumped analysis for transient heat conduction by using the
polynomial approximation method”, Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 43, pp.1151–1156.
10. Teixeira M.G, Rincon b M.A. and I.- S. Liu, (2009), “Numerical analysis of quenching – Heat conduction in
metallic materials”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol.33, pp.2464–2473
11. Wheeler R.F, (1984),”Thermal conduction of fuel element material”
12. Giedt W.H,(1972)”Investigation of variation of point unit heat transfer coefficient around a cylinder normal
to air stream” McGraw-Hill, New York
13. Kays W.M and Crawford, (2005) “Convective heat and mass transfer” 4th
edition McGraw-Hill Higher
Education
14. Yovanovich M.M, (1964) “Recent Developments in Thermal contact Gap and joint conduction theories and
experiment”
15. P. Bhatt and A. Gupta, (2012) “Thermal Analysis Of Hollow Pipe Using Altair Hyperworks”, International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol. 1 Issue 6,
16. Frank P. Incropera and David P. Dewitt (2009) “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”, Wiley
Publication, Fifth Edition.
10. The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open-Access hosting service and academic event
management. The aim of the firm is Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the firm can be found on the homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
CALL FOR JOURNAL PAPERS
There are more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals hosted under the hosting
platform.
Prospective authors of journals can find the submission instruction on the
following page: http://www.iiste.org/journals/ All the journals articles are available
online to the readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers
other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Paper version
of the journals is also available upon request of readers and authors.
MORE RESOURCES
Book publication information: http://www.iiste.org/book/
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar