This program introduced by GCSED aims to address malnutrition in Pakistan by promoting consumption of locally grown fruits and vegetables. It focuses on a "5-a-day" basket of apricots, carrots, cherries, dates and grapes which are plentiful in Balochistan. The target group is expectant and lactating mothers to ensure healthy development. Tables show current low consumption and nutritional benefits of the 5-a-day. Collectively they provide nearly 20% of daily energy and nutrients needed. Eggs and milk are also encouraged daily to create a balanced diet for pregnant women. The goal is to improve nutrition, support local economies and reduce malnutrition in Pakistan.
1) India has high rates of malnutrition, with 1 in 3 malnourished children worldwide living in India. Nearly half of Indian children under 3 are too small for their age. Malnutrition contributes to many childhood deaths and costs India billions in lost GDP and productivity each year.
2) The document outlines several causes of malnutrition in India including inadequate breastfeeding, poor functioning of the Public Distribution System which is meant to provide essential foods, and failure to include nutrition concerns in agricultural practices.
3) Potential solutions discussed include improving breastfeeding awareness and support, reforming the PDS to provide more nutritious complementary foods, establishing regional agricultural institutes to promote sustainable, nutrient-rich local crops, and strengthening government
Background of National Nutrition Program
Malnutrition in Nepal
Efforts to address under-nutrition
Objectives of National Nutrition Programme
Targets of National Nutrition Programme
Strategies of National Nutrition Programme
The national nutrition program in Nepal aims to achieve nutritional wellbeing for all Nepalese people. Key objectives include reducing malnutrition among women and children, and deficiencies in iron, iodine, and vitamin A. Strategies involve controlling protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and anemia. Major activities include growth monitoring and counseling, prevention and treatment of deficiencies, flour fortification, and maternal and child nutrition programs. Challenges include limited resources, lack of human resources, and widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
community nutrition programs in india,
• Integrated Child Development Services Scheme
• Midday Meal Programme
• Special Nutrition Programme (SNP)
• National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme
• National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme
• National Goitre Control Programme
• Mid Day meal programme
• Applied Nutrition Programme
Kazal 4d issues in nutrition and policies reviseSizwan Ahammed
The document discusses Bangladesh's national policies and plans around food and nutrition security, including the key stakeholders and steps involved in developing food and nutrition policies. It also examines the conceptual frameworks around linking food security, nutrition, and health, as well as providing an overview of the national nutrition services and key nutrition issues in Bangladesh.
The document outlines Nepal's multi-sector nutrition plan to reduce undernutrition among women and children. The objectives are to update on the current nutrition situation and share the plan and its implementation arrangements. It provides an overview of the plan which was prepared in close consultation with several key ministries. The plan aims to accelerate reduction of undernutrition through multi-sector interventions focusing on the critical window of opportunity from pregnancy to age two. It establishes leadership and coordination structures and outlines strategic objectives and results across sectors including health, agriculture, education, and local development to holistically address the causes of undernutrition.
1) India has high rates of malnutrition, with 1 in 3 malnourished children worldwide living in India. Nearly half of Indian children under 3 are too small for their age. Malnutrition contributes to many childhood deaths and costs India billions in lost GDP and productivity each year.
2) The document outlines several causes of malnutrition in India including inadequate breastfeeding, poor functioning of the Public Distribution System which is meant to provide essential foods, and failure to include nutrition concerns in agricultural practices.
3) Potential solutions discussed include improving breastfeeding awareness and support, reforming the PDS to provide more nutritious complementary foods, establishing regional agricultural institutes to promote sustainable, nutrient-rich local crops, and strengthening government
Background of National Nutrition Program
Malnutrition in Nepal
Efforts to address under-nutrition
Objectives of National Nutrition Programme
Targets of National Nutrition Programme
Strategies of National Nutrition Programme
The national nutrition program in Nepal aims to achieve nutritional wellbeing for all Nepalese people. Key objectives include reducing malnutrition among women and children, and deficiencies in iron, iodine, and vitamin A. Strategies involve controlling protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and anemia. Major activities include growth monitoring and counseling, prevention and treatment of deficiencies, flour fortification, and maternal and child nutrition programs. Challenges include limited resources, lack of human resources, and widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
community nutrition programs in india,
• Integrated Child Development Services Scheme
• Midday Meal Programme
• Special Nutrition Programme (SNP)
• National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme
• National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme
• National Goitre Control Programme
• Mid Day meal programme
• Applied Nutrition Programme
Kazal 4d issues in nutrition and policies reviseSizwan Ahammed
The document discusses Bangladesh's national policies and plans around food and nutrition security, including the key stakeholders and steps involved in developing food and nutrition policies. It also examines the conceptual frameworks around linking food security, nutrition, and health, as well as providing an overview of the national nutrition services and key nutrition issues in Bangladesh.
The document outlines Nepal's multi-sector nutrition plan to reduce undernutrition among women and children. The objectives are to update on the current nutrition situation and share the plan and its implementation arrangements. It provides an overview of the plan which was prepared in close consultation with several key ministries. The plan aims to accelerate reduction of undernutrition through multi-sector interventions focusing on the critical window of opportunity from pregnancy to age two. It establishes leadership and coordination structures and outlines strategic objectives and results across sectors including health, agriculture, education, and local development to holistically address the causes of undernutrition.
National Nutritional programmes in india ANILKUMAR BR
The document outlines several key nutritional programmes in India, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme (ICDS), Mid-Day Meal programme, Special Nutrition Programme (SNP), National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme. It provides details on the objectives, target groups, and components of the ICDS and SNP programmes, which aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. The NNAPP and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme also seek to prevent and address nutritional deficiencies.
Undernutrition is the leading cause of illness and death globally, accounting for millions of deaths per year especially in young children. India has numerous direct and indirect government programs to address undernutrition, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme, midday meal programs, and programs focused on vitamin and mineral deficiencies. These programs aim to improve nutrition, health, and development outcomes for children, pregnant women, and other at-risk groups. However, undernutrition remains a major challenge and continued efforts are needed to meet national nutritional goals.
The document discusses food security and nutrition in Nepal. It begins by defining food security according to the FAO. It then notes that food security is poor in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Western Asia. Almost half of households in Nepal are food insecure. The dimensions of food security include availability, access, utilization, and stability. Food security is directly related to nutritional status, which is influenced by food intake, health status, and other environmental factors. The document then reviews literature on food security and nutrition in Nepal and findings related to differences between urban and rural areas, ecological zones, and provinces.
National nutritional programs of health and welfare.Apoorva S Shetty
The document discusses several national nutritional programs in India aimed at combating malnutrition among children and vulnerable groups. It outlines programs like the Integrated Child Development Services scheme which provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, and education to children. Other programs discussed include the Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme, National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, Special Nutrition Programme, Mid-Day Meal Programme, and National Deworming Day. The overall aim of these initiatives is to improve health, nutritional status, and reduce mortality and morbidity among children and mothers in India.
The nutrition section is responsible for Nepal's national nutrition program. Its goals are to improve nutritional status and contribute to socioeconomic development. Major issues include stunting, wasting, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies. Programs promote breastfeeding, supplementation, food fortification, and management of malnutrition. Significant progress has been made in reducing stunting, anemia, and iodine and vitamin A deficiencies. However, challenges remain to meet global nutrition targets by 2025.
Community Nutrition Programmes in India Sujatha Sathananthansujatha sathananthan
The document discusses various community nutrition programmes in India that target vulnerable groups like children, women of reproductive age, pregnant and lactating mothers. It describes the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, the largest outreach programme, and its components like Anganwadi centres, workers, services provided and training. It details the national nutrition programmes, supplementary nutrition provided under ICDS, health check-ups, pre-school education and convergence with health departments. It also discusses the Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls.
The National Nutritional Policy adopted in 1993 aims to achieve optimal nutrition for all sections of Indian society, with priority given to vulnerable groups like women, children, and mothers. The policy recognizes malnutrition as a multisectoral issue requiring action across areas like food production, health, agriculture, and education. It sets goals like reducing child malnutrition, low birth weight, and micronutrient deficiencies. The policy pursues these goals through direct interventions like expanding safety nets and nutrition programs, as well as indirect strategies like ensuring food security, improving diets, and increasing health and nutrition awareness.
The document discusses food security policies in Ghana over the past decade. It defines food security as access to sufficient nutritious food. A 2009 survey found that 34%, 10%, and 15% of people in Ghana's northern regions experienced food insecurity. To address this, Ghana implemented emergency measures like input subsidies during the 2007 global food crisis. It also pursued longer-term policies including the Food and Agriculture Sector Development Policy, National Social Protection Strategy programs like LEAP and school feeding, and initiatives to boost domestic food production. However, the document concludes that more remains to be done to achieve food security goals.
India is the second rank in population and developing in the world. It leads to other countries by own Scio-economic, cultural way. Any country health affects growth in their average expectancy and various socioeconomic indicators like Human Development Index, Multidimensional Poverty Index, and Gross Domestic Product per capita other way reducing the burden of disease. Children, pregnant and lactating women are the most affected with a reduction in cognitive and physical growth and prone to unhealthy which directly affect the productivity of the country. After independence in Indian constitute have a provision in part -IV (Article -45, 47) development of nutritional strategies and intervention in the five-year plans. Hence Government has devised several nutrition programmes like National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, National Goitre Control Programme, National, Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, Midday Meal Programme, Applied nutrition Programme, Akshaya Patra Program. The activities in each program have been seen and its impact assessed by various evaluation programs and it was found that these programmes helped the nation. They helped to provide the proper nutrition to the children and women. The implementation of these principles, together with intensification of public health and primary care services, offers an approach to ensure more equitable health care for India’s population. Keywords: India, nutritional programs, Article-45, 47
The document discusses major nutritional problems in India including communicable diseases, population issues, environmental sanitation, medical care access, and specific deficiencies like anemia, iodine deficiency, obesity, and malnutrition. It notes that while mortality has decreased, undernutrition reduction has been slower. Most children and women suffer from anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Nutrition is critical for health, development, learning, and breaking cycles of poverty. The document outlines several government programs aimed at improving nutrition, including ICDS, vitamin A supplementation, anemia prophylaxis, and iodine deficiency disorder control. It discusses the objectives, beneficiaries, and implementation of these programs.
This document summarizes several national nutrition programs in India. It discusses the history of nutrition programs from the pre-independence period to the present. It then describes several direct programs like the Integrated Child Development Services scheme and nutrition programs for adolescent girls. It also outlines some indirect programs and concludes by discussing national policies and programs related to anemia prevention, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders.
The document discusses several community nutrition programmes in India that aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups. It describes the objectives and services provided by key programmes like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme and Mid-Day Meal Scheme. ICDS provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups and education to children under 6, pregnant/nursing mothers. It has shown positive impacts like reduced malnutrition and school dropout rates. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme provides free lunches to over 100 million school-going children, improving nutrition and increasing school attendance and completion.
The document outlines several national nutritional programmes and schemes in India, including:
1) A vitamin A prophylaxis programme administered every 6 months to preschool children to control blindness.
2) A programme to provide iron and folic acid tablets to pregnant women, young children, and adolescents to prevent nutritional anemia.
3) The National Goitre Control Programme and later the IDD Control Programme to distribute iodized salt and reduce iodine deficiency disorders.
4) The Special Nutrition Programme providing supplementary food to vulnerable groups like young children and pregnant/lactating mothers.
5) The Balwadi Nutrition Programme and ICDS Programme which also provide supplementary nutrition, vitamin A, and iron/
The document discusses malnutrition in India and efforts to reduce it. It notes that malnutrition occurs when individuals do not get proper nutrients. Several government schemes and policies aim to address the problem, such as UNICEF programs, the Public Distribution System (PDS), and the Mid-Day Meal Scheme in schools. The document presents data showing high rates of undernutrition among children and adults in India. It examines causes like poverty, poor health facilities, and inadequate feeding practices. Suggestions to reduce malnutrition include improving medical facilities, education, food subsidies, hygiene, and income generation.
The Mid Day Meal Scheme is a government program that aims to address issues of food security, nutrition, and access to education across India. It was launched in 1995 to provide free lunches to students in primary and upper primary schools with the primary objectives of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, improving nutritional and health status, and achieving universal primary education. Some additional objectives include reducing child mortality and morbidity, decreasing gender gaps in education, and combating diseases related to nutritional deficiencies.
Bangladesh faces significant food insecurity challenges, with over 60 million people not having adequate access to nutritious foods. While rice production has increased, the average diet lacks diversity and many nutrients. World Vision Bangladesh addresses these issues through agricultural and non-farm training programs that improve crop yields, introduce diversified production, and increase incomes. Their programs have reached over 155,000 small farmers and food insecure households. Key activities include farmer field schools, introduction of organic practices, and developing community extension systems, with outcomes of increased food production, diversified diets and livelihoods, and improved food security overall.
This document summarizes India's Community Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis programme. The programme aims to reduce anemia among women and children through distribution of iron and folic acid supplements. It targets pregnant and lactating mothers, children aged 1-5, and family planning acceptors. Frontline health workers distribute the supplements and provide nutrition education to encourage consumption. The programme is implemented through primary health centers and their subcenters, with assistance from integrated child development services.
The document discusses ways to tackle malnutrition in India through a proposed micro-nutrient nutrition program. It notes that over 30% of India's population suffers from calorie-protein and micronutrient deficiencies. The program would provide multiple vitamin and mineral supplements to pregnant and lactating women and children aged 6-59 months. It outlines the composition of supplements designed to provide daily recommended nutrient intake. The program aims to address malnutrition across generations in a coordinated manner through supplements, fortified foods, and public awareness campaigns.
The National Nutrition Policy adopted in 1993 aims to eradicate malnutrition in India through a multi-sectoral strategy. It utilizes direct short-term interventions like expanding nutrition programs for vulnerable groups and food fortification. Indirect long-term interventions include ensuring food security, improving purchasing power through employment generation, promoting small businesses, and nutrition education. The policy is implemented through inter-sectoral coordination at all levels of government and regular nutrition monitoring is carried out by the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau.
Food compositiin Table of Pakistan .pdfAimenfatima25
This document summarizes the nutritional composition of various foods in Pakistan based on analytical studies. It finds that while the recommended dietary patterns meet nutritional requirements, the actual dietary intake of Pakistanis is below recommendations. To improve nutrition, the document calls for considering recommended intake patterns, assessing current consumption, projecting future demand, and developing a food basket based on nutritional needs. Key foods included in the analysis are cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, dairy, meat and more. Micronutrients like zinc, iodine and vitamins are also analyzed.
National Nutritional programmes in india ANILKUMAR BR
The document outlines several key nutritional programmes in India, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme (ICDS), Mid-Day Meal programme, Special Nutrition Programme (SNP), National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme. It provides details on the objectives, target groups, and components of the ICDS and SNP programmes, which aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. The NNAPP and National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme also seek to prevent and address nutritional deficiencies.
Undernutrition is the leading cause of illness and death globally, accounting for millions of deaths per year especially in young children. India has numerous direct and indirect government programs to address undernutrition, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme, midday meal programs, and programs focused on vitamin and mineral deficiencies. These programs aim to improve nutrition, health, and development outcomes for children, pregnant women, and other at-risk groups. However, undernutrition remains a major challenge and continued efforts are needed to meet national nutritional goals.
The document discusses food security and nutrition in Nepal. It begins by defining food security according to the FAO. It then notes that food security is poor in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Western Asia. Almost half of households in Nepal are food insecure. The dimensions of food security include availability, access, utilization, and stability. Food security is directly related to nutritional status, which is influenced by food intake, health status, and other environmental factors. The document then reviews literature on food security and nutrition in Nepal and findings related to differences between urban and rural areas, ecological zones, and provinces.
National nutritional programs of health and welfare.Apoorva S Shetty
The document discusses several national nutritional programs in India aimed at combating malnutrition among children and vulnerable groups. It outlines programs like the Integrated Child Development Services scheme which provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, and education to children. Other programs discussed include the Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme, National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, Special Nutrition Programme, Mid-Day Meal Programme, and National Deworming Day. The overall aim of these initiatives is to improve health, nutritional status, and reduce mortality and morbidity among children and mothers in India.
The nutrition section is responsible for Nepal's national nutrition program. Its goals are to improve nutritional status and contribute to socioeconomic development. Major issues include stunting, wasting, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies. Programs promote breastfeeding, supplementation, food fortification, and management of malnutrition. Significant progress has been made in reducing stunting, anemia, and iodine and vitamin A deficiencies. However, challenges remain to meet global nutrition targets by 2025.
Community Nutrition Programmes in India Sujatha Sathananthansujatha sathananthan
The document discusses various community nutrition programmes in India that target vulnerable groups like children, women of reproductive age, pregnant and lactating mothers. It describes the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, the largest outreach programme, and its components like Anganwadi centres, workers, services provided and training. It details the national nutrition programmes, supplementary nutrition provided under ICDS, health check-ups, pre-school education and convergence with health departments. It also discusses the Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls.
The National Nutritional Policy adopted in 1993 aims to achieve optimal nutrition for all sections of Indian society, with priority given to vulnerable groups like women, children, and mothers. The policy recognizes malnutrition as a multisectoral issue requiring action across areas like food production, health, agriculture, and education. It sets goals like reducing child malnutrition, low birth weight, and micronutrient deficiencies. The policy pursues these goals through direct interventions like expanding safety nets and nutrition programs, as well as indirect strategies like ensuring food security, improving diets, and increasing health and nutrition awareness.
The document discusses food security policies in Ghana over the past decade. It defines food security as access to sufficient nutritious food. A 2009 survey found that 34%, 10%, and 15% of people in Ghana's northern regions experienced food insecurity. To address this, Ghana implemented emergency measures like input subsidies during the 2007 global food crisis. It also pursued longer-term policies including the Food and Agriculture Sector Development Policy, National Social Protection Strategy programs like LEAP and school feeding, and initiatives to boost domestic food production. However, the document concludes that more remains to be done to achieve food security goals.
India is the second rank in population and developing in the world. It leads to other countries by own Scio-economic, cultural way. Any country health affects growth in their average expectancy and various socioeconomic indicators like Human Development Index, Multidimensional Poverty Index, and Gross Domestic Product per capita other way reducing the burden of disease. Children, pregnant and lactating women are the most affected with a reduction in cognitive and physical growth and prone to unhealthy which directly affect the productivity of the country. After independence in Indian constitute have a provision in part -IV (Article -45, 47) development of nutritional strategies and intervention in the five-year plans. Hence Government has devised several nutrition programmes like National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, National Goitre Control Programme, National, Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme, Midday Meal Programme, Applied nutrition Programme, Akshaya Patra Program. The activities in each program have been seen and its impact assessed by various evaluation programs and it was found that these programmes helped the nation. They helped to provide the proper nutrition to the children and women. The implementation of these principles, together with intensification of public health and primary care services, offers an approach to ensure more equitable health care for India’s population. Keywords: India, nutritional programs, Article-45, 47
The document discusses major nutritional problems in India including communicable diseases, population issues, environmental sanitation, medical care access, and specific deficiencies like anemia, iodine deficiency, obesity, and malnutrition. It notes that while mortality has decreased, undernutrition reduction has been slower. Most children and women suffer from anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Nutrition is critical for health, development, learning, and breaking cycles of poverty. The document outlines several government programs aimed at improving nutrition, including ICDS, vitamin A supplementation, anemia prophylaxis, and iodine deficiency disorder control. It discusses the objectives, beneficiaries, and implementation of these programs.
This document summarizes several national nutrition programs in India. It discusses the history of nutrition programs from the pre-independence period to the present. It then describes several direct programs like the Integrated Child Development Services scheme and nutrition programs for adolescent girls. It also outlines some indirect programs and concludes by discussing national policies and programs related to anemia prevention, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders.
The document discusses several community nutrition programmes in India that aim to improve nutrition among vulnerable groups. It describes the objectives and services provided by key programmes like the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme and Mid-Day Meal Scheme. ICDS provides supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups and education to children under 6, pregnant/nursing mothers. It has shown positive impacts like reduced malnutrition and school dropout rates. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme provides free lunches to over 100 million school-going children, improving nutrition and increasing school attendance and completion.
The document outlines several national nutritional programmes and schemes in India, including:
1) A vitamin A prophylaxis programme administered every 6 months to preschool children to control blindness.
2) A programme to provide iron and folic acid tablets to pregnant women, young children, and adolescents to prevent nutritional anemia.
3) The National Goitre Control Programme and later the IDD Control Programme to distribute iodized salt and reduce iodine deficiency disorders.
4) The Special Nutrition Programme providing supplementary food to vulnerable groups like young children and pregnant/lactating mothers.
5) The Balwadi Nutrition Programme and ICDS Programme which also provide supplementary nutrition, vitamin A, and iron/
The document discusses malnutrition in India and efforts to reduce it. It notes that malnutrition occurs when individuals do not get proper nutrients. Several government schemes and policies aim to address the problem, such as UNICEF programs, the Public Distribution System (PDS), and the Mid-Day Meal Scheme in schools. The document presents data showing high rates of undernutrition among children and adults in India. It examines causes like poverty, poor health facilities, and inadequate feeding practices. Suggestions to reduce malnutrition include improving medical facilities, education, food subsidies, hygiene, and income generation.
The Mid Day Meal Scheme is a government program that aims to address issues of food security, nutrition, and access to education across India. It was launched in 1995 to provide free lunches to students in primary and upper primary schools with the primary objectives of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, improving nutritional and health status, and achieving universal primary education. Some additional objectives include reducing child mortality and morbidity, decreasing gender gaps in education, and combating diseases related to nutritional deficiencies.
Bangladesh faces significant food insecurity challenges, with over 60 million people not having adequate access to nutritious foods. While rice production has increased, the average diet lacks diversity and many nutrients. World Vision Bangladesh addresses these issues through agricultural and non-farm training programs that improve crop yields, introduce diversified production, and increase incomes. Their programs have reached over 155,000 small farmers and food insecure households. Key activities include farmer field schools, introduction of organic practices, and developing community extension systems, with outcomes of increased food production, diversified diets and livelihoods, and improved food security overall.
This document summarizes India's Community Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis programme. The programme aims to reduce anemia among women and children through distribution of iron and folic acid supplements. It targets pregnant and lactating mothers, children aged 1-5, and family planning acceptors. Frontline health workers distribute the supplements and provide nutrition education to encourage consumption. The programme is implemented through primary health centers and their subcenters, with assistance from integrated child development services.
The document discusses ways to tackle malnutrition in India through a proposed micro-nutrient nutrition program. It notes that over 30% of India's population suffers from calorie-protein and micronutrient deficiencies. The program would provide multiple vitamin and mineral supplements to pregnant and lactating women and children aged 6-59 months. It outlines the composition of supplements designed to provide daily recommended nutrient intake. The program aims to address malnutrition across generations in a coordinated manner through supplements, fortified foods, and public awareness campaigns.
The National Nutrition Policy adopted in 1993 aims to eradicate malnutrition in India through a multi-sectoral strategy. It utilizes direct short-term interventions like expanding nutrition programs for vulnerable groups and food fortification. Indirect long-term interventions include ensuring food security, improving purchasing power through employment generation, promoting small businesses, and nutrition education. The policy is implemented through inter-sectoral coordination at all levels of government and regular nutrition monitoring is carried out by the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau.
Food compositiin Table of Pakistan .pdfAimenfatima25
This document summarizes the nutritional composition of various foods in Pakistan based on analytical studies. It finds that while the recommended dietary patterns meet nutritional requirements, the actual dietary intake of Pakistanis is below recommendations. To improve nutrition, the document calls for considering recommended intake patterns, assessing current consumption, projecting future demand, and developing a food basket based on nutritional needs. Key foods included in the analysis are cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, dairy, meat and more. Micronutrients like zinc, iodine and vitamins are also analyzed.
Community managed nutrition center - note - india apfrattelo4
The document summarizes a pilot program in India that established community-run Nutrition-Cum-Day Care Centers (NDCCs) to improve nutrition for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and young children. The NDCCs provide three cooked meals per day and are managed at the local level. They have shown promising results, including lower infant and maternal mortality rates compared to the state averages. The NDCCs' community-driven model and ability to be financially self-sustaining through various cost-saving measures and women's contributions have allowed the program to scale across the state effectively.
Child Malnourishment in India and its Scientific Solutionsijtsrd
Malnutrition in children is responsible for more than 3.5 million deaths every year and is thus a serious threat globally 1 . Despite the rapid economic growth and development of India, it remains burdened with an unfinished agenda of undernutrition. Estimates by the National Family Health Survey NFHS show that 48 , or 61 million, under five age group children in the country are stunted they have low height for their age 43 , or 53 million, are underweight and nearly 20 , or 25 million, are wasted low weight for height 2 . Its imperative to focus on production diversity as well as food fortification at a macro level e.g. millets are 4 5 times more nutritious than rice and wheat in terms of proteins minerals and vitamins 3 . The ready to use food supplement RUTF is equivalent to F 100 formula milk based used at hospitals across India but is instead made in a paste that can be safely given to a child at home. Besides, the initiatives taken by the Government of India some innovative ideas proposed can also be practiced. More than half of the malnourishment is due to poor sanitation than lack of nutrition so awareness and cleanliness measures on a large scale play an important role as well. Misbah Khan ""Child Malnourishment in India & its Scientific Solutions"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23836.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/23836/child-malnourishment-in-india-and-its-scientific-solutions/misbah-khan
The National Nutrition Policy adopted in 1993 aims to eradicate malnutrition in India through a multi-sectoral strategy. It utilizes direct short-term interventions like expanding access to ICDS services and implementing food fortification programs, as well as indirect long-term interventions like improving food security, increasing employment opportunities, and enhancing access to healthcare and education to achieve optimal nutrition for all Indians. The policy's goals are to reduce the incidence of severe and moderate malnutrition, expand coverage of vulnerable groups through ICDS, and increase food grain production and availability by 2000.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Feed the Future Progress Report 2014Dr Dev Kambhampati
This report summarizes the progress of the US government's Feed the Future initiative from fiscal year 2013. It highlights that in 2013, Feed the Future reached over 12.5 million children with nutrition interventions and helped nearly 7 million farmers in over 60 countries use new agricultural technologies and practices on over 4 million hectares of land. The initiative is also leveraging increasing amounts of private sector investment in agriculture in developing countries. The report examines progress and results in target countries like Bangladesh, Senegal, and Honduras to demonstrate the on-the-ground impacts of Feed the Future in improving incomes, reducing hunger and undernutrition.
India has high levels of malnutrition, with over 40% of the world's underweight children under 5 living in India. Malnutrition is deeply rooted through intergenerational cycles and is caused by multiple factors beyond just poverty. Currently India lacks a comprehensive national program to combat malnutrition, and existing programs do not sufficiently address the issue across generations. Malnutrition is estimated to cost India approximately 4% of its GDP annually in lost productivity and economic output. A new national strategy is needed to integrate multi-sectoral interventions that address all direct and indirect causes of malnutrition simultaneously.
Association Between Bio-fortification and Child Nutrition Among Smallholder H...Premier Publishers
This study examined the relationship between biofortification and child stunting in Uganda using panel data from 6 districts over 3 years. A panel logistic regression was estimated to study the association between child stunting and household production of biofortified crops. The results confirmed a strong association between production of biofortified varieties and reduced child stunting. Other factors associated with lower stunting included male gender, older child age, higher birth weight, greater dietary diversity, more education of caregiver, better antenatal care, smaller household size, and better access to water and livestock. The findings provide empirical support for Uganda's policies promoting biofortified crops to address malnutrition.
The document discusses malnutrition among children in India. Some key points:
- Nearly half (48%) of Indian children under five are stunted. One in three malnourished children globally lives in India.
- Malnutrition is caused by lack of proper nutrition from foods like pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk, meat and eggs. Poverty prevents many families from accessing nutritious foods.
- Several government programs provide supplementary nutrition to children and mothers. However, malnutrition levels remain high, especially in poorer states.
- Solutions proposed include increasing access to nutritious foods, educating mothers, improving food storage, and strengthening public distribution systems. Establishing Nutritional Communication Bodies could help
The document presents the results of a rapid country scan conducted in the Solomon Islands to review existing policies, programs, and projects related to the agriculture-nutrition nexus. It finds that the Solomon Islands' national policy on food and nutritional security appropriately focuses on reducing malnutrition, anemia, overweight and obesity, and non-communicable diseases. The scan also identifies various government ministries and NGOs working in the agriculture and health sectors on initiatives linked to the policy's goals.
This document provides an overview of various community nutritional programmes in India. It discusses programmes targeted at pregnant and lactating mothers, children, adolescents, and elderly individuals. The key programmes described include the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme, Mid-Day Meal programme, Vitamin A prophylaxis programme, and programmes under the Poshan Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission). The document provides details on the objectives, target groups, and services provided by these various nutritional programmes in India.
This document provides background information on nutrition policies and programs in Egypt. It summarizes a landscape analysis study conducted in 2012 that examined challenges to implementing nutrition interventions at scale. The study made recommendations to improve coordination between stakeholders. It also discusses Egypt's commitment to the 2014 International Conference on Nutrition, which established global targets to reduce malnutrition. The current study aims to understand facilitators, barriers, and collaboration around translating these policies into actions by interviewing national-level stakeholders. It seeks to examine cross-sectoral coordination and the follow-up on prior recommendations to improve nutrition governance.
National nutritional programmes for children in India aim to reduce malnutrition, which causes 12% of deaths and 16% disability globally. Key programmes introduced since the 1960s include the mid-day meal scheme providing free lunch to over 100 million schoolchildren, the iodine deficiency programme adding iodine to salt to prevent disorders, and the Integrated Child Development Services programme providing supplementary nutrition, immunization, and education to children and mothers. The programmes have helped reduce morbidity and mortality from malnutrition in India over the decades.
The document discusses malnutrition in India and proposes strategies to address it. It notes that India has high levels of malnutrition, with over 40% of the world's underweight children under 5 living in India. It analyzes the current situation, noting that India lacks a comprehensive national program to eradicate malnutrition. The root causes of malnutrition are intergenerational and interconnected, stemming from poverty, lack of women's empowerment, insufficient access to nutritious food and healthcare. It proposes specific nutrition interventions and monitoring strategies to combat malnutrition through a multi-sectoral approach.
The National Nutrition Programme aims to achieve nutrition well-being for all Nepalis through improved implementation of nutrition programs. Its goals are to reduce malnutrition in children and women and increase dietary diversity. Key interventions include breastfeeding promotion, growth monitoring, micronutrient supplementation, deworming, food fortification, and management of acute malnutrition. The program aims to meet global and national targets to reduce stunting, anemia, and wasting by 2025.
Food gardens have the potential to help address malnutrition in children aged 0-5 years in South Africa. While food gardens may improve access to micronutrients like vitamin A, it is unclear if they can provide sufficient nutrition on their own. For food gardens to be effective, they must be paired with nutrition education programs and focus on growing nutrient-dense crops. Larger, more structured programs in schools and early childhood centers may have better outcomes than small household gardens alone.
The document discusses a proposal to address micronutrient malnutrition in Peru through a rice fortification program implemented in partnership with the Foundation for Social Innovation (F4SI) and the Peruvian government. The plan involves six initiatives over 18 months to conduct clinical trials of fortified rice, engage the public and private sectors, manage the supply chain and quality, conduct monitoring and evaluation, and implement social marketing. The goal is to expand access to fortified rice, particularly through school lunch programs, to significantly reduce undernourishment among children. Political support and institutionalizing the program are seen as key to the long-term success and sustainability of impacts.
Malnutrition remains a significant problem in India, with 17.5% of the population undernourished. The document outlines several causes of malnutrition including lack of awareness, government failures, and productive assetlessness. It proposes solutions like educational reforms, increasing corporate social responsibility efforts, and establishing a national strategy to combat malnutrition through multi-sector interventions. Overall, the document analyzes the scope and causes of malnutrition in India, and suggests policy and programmatic solutions to reduce undernutrition.
This document discusses malnutrition in India. It states that India is home to the largest number of hungry people in the world, with over 200 million malnourished. Nearly half of Indian children under age 5 are stunted and underweight. Malnutrition contributes to over 50% of child deaths in India and costs the country 2.95% of its GDP annually. While the government has implemented programs to address malnutrition, such as mid-day meals in schools, challenges remain and innovative solutions are still needed to fully tackle this problem.
2. Pakistan:Productionof5-a-day
Introduction
This report introduces an innovative and knowledge-based program directed
at food consumption and production in Pakistan. Stage 1 focuses on
consumption of food in light of their nutritional value.
A deficiency or an excess of nutrients and fats to maintain a healthy body
weight and lifestyle is described as malnourishment. Figure 1 demonstrates
both states are prevalent in Pakistan. However, a significant proportion of
children under the age of 5 are underweight or stunting. Therefore, with
regards to this program, malnourishment is described as a state where an
individual’s daily intake of food does not meet the recommended nutritional
value. According to the UN, 24% of Pakistan’s population is undernourished.
Malnourishment in Pakistan is predominantly associated with low levels of
income and socio-economic deprivation. The main causative factors include
not only the intake of foods with low nutritional value but also low
consumption of food items due to scarce availability and affordability.
Another factor behind malnourishment is education levels; particularly of
expectant mothers and the female head of households. The Agha Khan
National Nutritional Survey’s (2011) findings also acknowledge a lack of
understanding amongst respondents about the nutritional composition of food
items. This is despite high levels of food production of exceptional nutritional
value, particularly in the Highlands of Northern Balochistan. Therefore, Stage 1
of the program will be piloted in Balochistan. It allows access and availability of
food to not be a limiting factor for recommended nourishment reaching the
Pakistani population. The target beneficiaries for this program are expectant
and lactating mothers. We intend the program to be rolled out via the Benazir
Bhutto Lady Health Workers program introduced by the Government of
Pakistan. Its exceptional network of 96,000 workers and another 14,000
enrolled to be trained (WHO, 2008) is ideal for a country-wide reach.
GCSED
Mission
The mission of GCSED (Global Cooperation for Social and Economic
Development) is to meet its 2015 and 2020 objectives to reduce social and
economic inequalities affecting the populations of developing countries.
About us
GCSED is a 'Think Tank' structured, privately self-financed, international
development organisation. We have no shareholders, pay no dividends, and
are legally mandated to cover only our operating costs. Our remaining funds
are spent on improving the socio-economic standards in developing countries
across a range of ways that empower them to increase their ability to be
financially and resource selfsufficient. We are able to help developing
countries reduce social and economic inequalities by producing social and
economic development programs, and also by providing companies and
governments with assistance in;
Understanding how governments can be a part of creating
sustainable socio-economic development.
Navigating risks faced by those doing business in developing
countries by understanding the social and economic environments
the operate in.
Advice on how to access capital and financial market instruments
for development that can be linked to socio-economic poverty
reduction programs.
Where Do We Work
Everywhere we are needed, but for
the most part, our focus is in coun-
tries across Asian and African Con-
tinents.
What Do We Stand For
Global Cooperation for Social and
Economic Development.
Specialties
Social and Economic Development,
Socio-economic and Geo-Political
Analysis, Poverty Reduction, Devel-
oping Country Skills Development
Figure 1: Malnutrition statistics for children
under the age of 5 (WHO)
Figure 2: Female education levels, expectant
mothers, housewives and mothers to be (WHO)
3. Pakistan:Productionof5-a-day
Summary
The average household income for Pakistan is identified as 2.5 dollars/ day
making a proportion of the population living above the breadline identified
by the UN as extreme poverty. It can be inferred that if populations are
weaned off food aid and directed towards recognising the benefits of food
items that are readily available or locally grown is a sustainable, long term
solution for malnourishment. This program introduces a Five Food Items
basket, selected based on their nutritional value, and targeting expectant
mothers. An additional factor considered, is the availability of food items
determined by production statistics as demonstrated in table 1. Details on
the production of raisins is available in the Appendix. The program would
also ensure livelihoods of local growers are secured, as well as rendering
retailers less prone to economic shock from unstable import prices.
5-a-day current consumption
Apricots, carrots, cherries,
dates & grapes
Current daily consumption
levels of fruit & veg alarmingly
low
The 5 chosen fruit and vegetables a day are apricots, carrots, cherries, dates
and grapes. Not only are these fruits locally grown and plentiful in the
Highland regions of Balochistan, their consumption would also rejuvenate
the local economy. Table 2 represents the annual consumption* of the 5-a-
day chosen for Pakistan. This has been derived from the production, import,
export data also displayed in table 2.
The consumption of apricots in 2010 was 198,455 tonnes. According to the
World Bank the total population of Pakistan in 2010 was 173,593,383.
Through these figures we can conclude that the annual per capita
consumption of apricots was 1.14 kg. A similar approach can be taken for
each of five foods identified by GCSED. The average daily consumption
calculated for each of the 5-a-day food types, assuming 100% distribution,
are presented in the table 3.
The recommended intake levels of chosen 5-a-day are displayed in table 4.
Food Type
Production in
Pakistan, tonnes
(2010)
Apricots 200,300im
Carrots and Turnips 219,339
Cherries 2,000im
Dates 759,200im
Grapes 66,800im
Table 1; Food production (tonnes) of selected
food types. Source: fao.org where im = FAO
Food Type
Production,
tonnes
Import,
tonnes
Export,
tonnes
Diff (Import
- Export),
tonnes
Consumption
(Production +
Diff), tonnes
Apricots 200,300 137 1,982 -1,845 198,455
Carrots & Turnips 219,339 117 3 114 219,513
Cherries 2,000 3 - 3 2,003
Dates 759,200 4,545 114,944 -110,399 648,801
Grapes 66,800 24,406 235 24,171 90,971
Table 2: Production, Import and Export statistics for 5-a-day fruit
Source: http://comtrade.un.org/ data is presented annually
Food Type
Consumption,
tonnes
Consumption
per person, g
Daily
consumption
per person, g
Apricots 198,455 1,143 3
Carrots & Turnips 219,513 1,264 3
Cherries 2,003 11 0
Dates 648,801 3,737 10
Grapes 90,971 524 1
Raisins 8,689 50 0
*Consumption= (production + (import - export))
Food Portion Size
Apricots 105g 3 apricots.
(1 apricot weighs ~ 35g)
Dates 67.5 g 3 dates
(1 date weighs~ 22.5 g)
Carrots 120 g 2 carrots (1 carrot
weighs ~60 g
Cherries 140 g 1 portion
Raisins 30 g 1 portions
Table 4: Food items and portion sizes /day
identified by GCSED.
Table 3: Consumption per person, per day for 5-a- day food types in Balochistan
4. Pakistan:Productionof5-a-day
5-a-day– Current Consumption & Future Outlook
As demonstrated in the tables above, a deficit can be observed in the
consumption of fruits and vegetables and thus the correct nutritional and energy
levels are not being met. This program encourages an increase in consumption
of the proposed 5-a-day, creating a demand for such food items. This would
result in an increase in production, that can be met by the GOP and GCSED’s
rural skills development programs. To ensure affordability, other mechanisms
such as subsidising the costs of growing and purchasing the identified food items
can be introduced.
Optimal Nutritional Start in Life
GCSED identifies pregnant and lactating women to be the primary focus of this
program. This enables the unborn child to have a nutritionally stable beginning
and the perfect platform to develop healthily. The multiplier effect of this
approach ensures healthy eating habits will be passed down to children as well
as rest of the family.
The current nutritional levels gained from the consumption of the 5-a-day as a
percentage of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for a pregnant woman
are presented in table 5.
As shown in table 5, dates are highest in nutritional value. They provide 7.6% of
the total energy (Kcal) that is been identified as the RDA for a pregnant woman.
Raisins, on the other hand, provide 2.9% of the total iron required. A full
nutritional breakdown of these foods is in the Appendix.
Collectively, the 5-a-day provide 18.4%, 10.5%, 7.9%, 10.4% and 6.7% of the
RDA on energy, protein, calcium, iron and zinc respectively.
Along with the 5-a-day, another components of a balanced diet are an egg and a
pint of milk everyday. The average egg weighs 44g and the healthiest and least
energy-intensive method of preparing it is through boiling. Milk is high in
calcium, and easily available in Balochistan where at least half the population
breed and herd livestock for a living. The nutritional breakdown of eggs and milk
is presented in table 6.
Pregnant women focus unlocks
a healthier future .
5-a-day provide 18.4% of daily
energy requirement
Nutritional Value 5-a-day Egg Milk Total
Energy 18.7% 2.7% 13.1% 34.5%
Protein 10.9% 9.2% 28.2% 48.3%
Calcium 8.1% 1.7% 49.0% 58.8%
Iron 10.2% 1.9% 0.9% 13.0%
Zinc 7.1% 3.9% 11.9% 22.9%
Egg and milk are instrumental
in providing a balanced diet
Nutritional
Value
Apricots Dates Carrots Cherries Raisins Total
Energy 2.0% 7.6% 2.0% 3.5% 3.6% 18.7%
Protein 2.5% 2.8% 1.9% 2.4% 1.3% 10.9%
Calcium 1.1% 2.0% 3.0% 1.4% 0.6% 8.1%
Iron 1.5% 2.6% 1.3% 1.9% 2.9% 10.2%
Zinc 1.8% 1.6% 2.4% 0.8% 0.5% 7.1%
Table 5: Nutritional value of 5-a-day food as a % of RDA. For pregnant women
Table 6: Nutritional value for egg and milk and its impact on diet.
5. Pakistan:Productionof5-a-day
Optimal Nutritional Start in Life
Figure 1 represents the RDA for a pregnant woman (100%). It
demonstrates the change achieved in nutritional and energy
composition based on GCSED’s recommended 5-a-day food items. The
incorporation of an egg and a pint of milk a day, the energy level intake
almost doubles (from 18.7% to 34.5%). The level of protein and calcium
also rises significantly. Although the increase in iron levels is relatively
small, reaching only 13% of the RDA, it is a sizable difference in light of
the fact that 50% of children under the age of 5 are anaemic as reported
by the WHO. (no data exists on the iron intake of pregnant women).
Zinc intake tripled from 7.1% to 22.9% of the RDA.
The remaining proportion of nutrient intake will be met by the
introduction of main meals. GCSED encourages two meals per day and
at least one salad.
Conclusion
The GCSED Malnourishment Program for Pakistan introduces a ground-
breaking approach to food consumption in the country. It is in-tune with
societal norms and, upon discussion with farmers and food producers,
an element of seasonality for food choices can be introduced. Therefore,
the approach taken by GCSED is not only flexible and aware of ground
realities, it is participatory as well. This program has a strong gender-
focus and promotes female empowerment as it's main beneficiaries are
pregnant women. An awareness of nutritional values and change in
food consumption patterns feeds into a host of long-term, socio-
economic development benefits. It directly impacts the health of
mothers and children. This would decrease the burden on limited
healthcare facilities and reduce the healthcare expenditure of
households. Other indirect benefits are likely to emerge. In the
education sector, results would improve as healthy children would
perform better at school. The performance of the labour force would
also be enhanced as women would be making informed food choices for
the entire household. Finally, this program also avails pre-existing,
successful programs of the Government of Pakistan by proposing
dissemination of stage 1 via the Lady Health Workers.
2 main meals and a salad added
to achieve optimum diet
Figure 3: Effects of GCSED proposed foods on meeting the RDA of
nutrients pregnant women.
6. Pakistan:Productionof5-a-day
Appendix
Table of nutritional values for each food type
The percentage of RDA contribution for each food type on the table above is calculated using the following
portion sizes:
Raisins
The amount of raisins produced in Balochistan is unknown and the consumption estimate per person is
based on the net difference between how much is exported and how much is imported. Imported raisins
for the year 2008 for Pakistan are measured at 8,887 tonnes, while for the same year the exports were
198 tonnes.
Source:
http://data.mongabay.com/commodities/category/1-Production/2-Crops/561-Raisins/61-Import+Quantity/165-Pakistan
http://data.mongabay.com/commodities/category/1-Production/2-Crops/561-Raisins/91-Export+Quantity/165-Pakistan
The net difference of 8,689 tonnes reflects the minimum consumption levels for Pakistan. The types of
raisins available in Pakistan are monaka and kishmish. These require grapes with a ratio of 3:1 and
3.5 :1 respectively.
Source: Production and Marketing of Raisins in Balochistan, author Allah Wadhayo Jagirani
http://www.parc.gov.pk/data/ssd-database/SSDREPORT.ASP?TITLE=PRODUCTION%20AND%20MARKETING%20OF%20RAISINS%
20IN%20BALOCHISTAN
Nutritional Value Apricots Dates Carrots Cherries Raisins Egg Milk Total
Energy 2.0% 7.6% 2.0% 3.5% 3.6% 2.7% 13.1% 34.5%
Protein 2.5% 2.8% 1.9% 2.4% 1.3% 9.2% 28.2% 48.2%
Calcium 1.1% 2.0% 3.0% 1.4% 0.6% 1.7% 49.0% 58.8%
Iron 1.5% 2.6% 1.3% 1.9% 2.9% 1.9% 0.9% 13.0%
Magnesium 2.6% 7.3% 3.6% 3.9% 2.3% 1.1% 16.6% 37.3%
Phosphorous 1.9% 3.3% 3.4% 2.4% 1.8% 6.1% 42.2% 61.0%
Potassium 5.8% 9.4% 8.2% 6.6% 5.3% 1.2% 20.6% 57.1%
Sodium 0.1% 0.1% 5.5% 0.0% 0.6% 3.6% 15.8% 25.7%
Zinc 1.8% 1.6% 2.4% 0.8% 0.5% 3.9% 11.9% 22.8%
Vitamin C 12.4% 0.3% 8.3% 11.5% 1.9% 0.0% 7.3% 41.7%
Thiamin 2.3% 2.5% 5.7% 2.7% 2.4% 2.1% 16.3% 33.9%
Riboflavin 3.0% 3.2% 5.0% 3.3% 3.9% 16.1% 46.8% 81.3%
Niacin 3.5% 4.8% 6.6% 1.2% 1.9% 0.2% 7.3% 25.4%
Vitamin B6 3.0% 5.9% 8.7% 3.6% 3.0% 2.8% 11.5% 38.4%
Folate 1.6% 2.1% 3.8% 0.9% 0.2% 3.2% 0.8% 12.6%
Vitamin B12 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 18.8% 12.8% 31.6%
Vitamin A 13.1% 0.0% 130.1% 0.5% 0.0% 8.5% 35.2% 187.4%
Vitamin E 6.2% 0.2% 5.3% 0.7% 0.0% 3.0% 2.2% 17.6%
Vitamin D 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 19.4% 123.5% 142.9%
Vitamin K 3.9% 2.0% 17.6% 3.3% 0.0% 0.1% 1.6% 28.5%
Food Items Portion Size
Apricots 105 g
Dates 67.5 g
Carrots 120 g
Cherries 140 g
Raisins 30 g
Egg 44 g
Milk 475 ml
We can see from the table
that Vitamin A and D exceed
the recommended daily allow-
ances. In that case though,
we are not concerned at all
because the upper daily limits
for Vitamin A and D are 3,000
and 50 μg per day respective-
ly. And for this case, they ac-
count for 48% and 14% of the
upper limits (for Vitamin A and
D respectively).