Rhea Pharmaceutical Sciences is a biopharmaceutical company that has developed a natural supplement called HealthTone for treating viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. HealthTone is derived from essential oils including Gardenia jasminoides, Commiphora myrrha, Boswellia serrate, Foeniculum vulgarae, and Daucus carota. Clinical studies showed that HealthTone has potent antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It was also found to be effective as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 patients according to the Armenian Ministry of Health.
Antibacterial, antitubercular, anti leprosy, drugs for peptic ulcer diseases ...MD. Mehedi Hasan Shawon
This document is based on Antibacterial, antitubercular, anti leprosy, drugs for peptic ulcer diseases & their mechanism. Here I tried my level best to give appropriate information. I think it will help you a lot.
This document summarizes an investigation of food additives containing compounds with androgenic activity. It discusses additives containing extracts from Tribulus terrestris, ecdysteroids like 20-hydroxyecdysone, and the alkaloid yohimbine. Specific food supplements containing these compounds are listed along with their typical contents. Methods for analyzing these compounds are also reviewed. The document aims to provide information on compounds in some supplements that could pose health risks or cause positive doping tests if not properly declared.
The document discusses food additives, including their consumption levels, categories, safety assessment process, and regulation. It notes that the average consumption of all food additives is 139 lbs per person per year in the US, but excludes common additives like spices and sugars. Safety assessment involves testing for toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals to determine an acceptable daily intake level for humans. Stringent regulations and approval processes exist in the US, EU, and other bodies to ensure food additives are safe for human use.
Hakeem khan presented on asthma. Key points include:
1. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. It is caused by factors like allergies, environment, emotions, and drugs.
3. Clinical features include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest, and labored breathing.
4. Treatment involves short-acting bronchodilators for relief of symptoms and long-acting controllers like inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
Impurities in Pharmaceutical substancesUrmilaBudhe
This document provides an overview of inorganic chemistry and pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry. It discusses the importance of inorganic pharmaceuticals and their uses. It also covers topics like the history and development of pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeia. Finally, it discusses impurities in pharmaceutical substances, sources of impurities, effects of impurities, and tests for purity like limit tests that are prescribed in pharmacopoeias.
This document summarizes various antiseptics and antifungals. It describes common antiseptics such as ethanol, isopropanol, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide. It provides details on their uses and concentrations. It also classifies major classes of antifungal medications including polyenes, azoles, allylamines and echinocandins. The classes inhibit steps in fungal membrane synthesis or function. Specific examples of antifungals available in Bangladesh are also listed with their active ingredients and manufacturer details.
Antioxidants prevent oxidation of oxygen sensitive substances.
They protect the drug product by acting as_
reducing agent (eg. ascorbic acid, sodium bisulphite, thiourea) or
preferentially oxidized or by blocking an oxidative chain reaction (eg. Ascorbic acid esters, butylhydroxy anisole and tocopherols.) which are the true antioxidants.
They are added to pharmaceutical formulations as redox systems possessing higher oxidative potential than the drug that they are designed to protect or as chain inhibitors of radical induced decomposition.
Typically antioxidants are employed in low concentrations (0.2% w/w) and it is usual for the concentration of antioxidant in the finished product to be markedly less than the initial concentration, due to oxidative degradation during manufacture of the dosage form.
Antioxidants may also be employed in conjunction with chelating agents, e.g. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, citric acid, that act to form complexes with heavy-metal ions, ions that are normally involved in oxidative degradation
Autocoids and their pharmacological modulationShaikhSaniya2
Autacoids are organic substances released from cells in response to stimulation that produce local physiological responses. This document classifies and describes various autacoids including histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. It discusses their mechanisms of action, functions, and adverse effects. Autacoids were originally considered inflammatory mediators but are now recognized to also initiate and modulate immune processes through effects on different cell populations and stages of the immune response.
Antibacterial, antitubercular, anti leprosy, drugs for peptic ulcer diseases ...MD. Mehedi Hasan Shawon
This document is based on Antibacterial, antitubercular, anti leprosy, drugs for peptic ulcer diseases & their mechanism. Here I tried my level best to give appropriate information. I think it will help you a lot.
This document summarizes an investigation of food additives containing compounds with androgenic activity. It discusses additives containing extracts from Tribulus terrestris, ecdysteroids like 20-hydroxyecdysone, and the alkaloid yohimbine. Specific food supplements containing these compounds are listed along with their typical contents. Methods for analyzing these compounds are also reviewed. The document aims to provide information on compounds in some supplements that could pose health risks or cause positive doping tests if not properly declared.
The document discusses food additives, including their consumption levels, categories, safety assessment process, and regulation. It notes that the average consumption of all food additives is 139 lbs per person per year in the US, but excludes common additives like spices and sugars. Safety assessment involves testing for toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals to determine an acceptable daily intake level for humans. Stringent regulations and approval processes exist in the US, EU, and other bodies to ensure food additives are safe for human use.
Hakeem khan presented on asthma. Key points include:
1. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. It is caused by factors like allergies, environment, emotions, and drugs.
3. Clinical features include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest, and labored breathing.
4. Treatment involves short-acting bronchodilators for relief of symptoms and long-acting controllers like inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
Impurities in Pharmaceutical substancesUrmilaBudhe
This document provides an overview of inorganic chemistry and pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry. It discusses the importance of inorganic pharmaceuticals and their uses. It also covers topics like the history and development of pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeia. Finally, it discusses impurities in pharmaceutical substances, sources of impurities, effects of impurities, and tests for purity like limit tests that are prescribed in pharmacopoeias.
This document summarizes various antiseptics and antifungals. It describes common antiseptics such as ethanol, isopropanol, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide. It provides details on their uses and concentrations. It also classifies major classes of antifungal medications including polyenes, azoles, allylamines and echinocandins. The classes inhibit steps in fungal membrane synthesis or function. Specific examples of antifungals available in Bangladesh are also listed with their active ingredients and manufacturer details.
Antioxidants prevent oxidation of oxygen sensitive substances.
They protect the drug product by acting as_
reducing agent (eg. ascorbic acid, sodium bisulphite, thiourea) or
preferentially oxidized or by blocking an oxidative chain reaction (eg. Ascorbic acid esters, butylhydroxy anisole and tocopherols.) which are the true antioxidants.
They are added to pharmaceutical formulations as redox systems possessing higher oxidative potential than the drug that they are designed to protect or as chain inhibitors of radical induced decomposition.
Typically antioxidants are employed in low concentrations (0.2% w/w) and it is usual for the concentration of antioxidant in the finished product to be markedly less than the initial concentration, due to oxidative degradation during manufacture of the dosage form.
Antioxidants may also be employed in conjunction with chelating agents, e.g. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, citric acid, that act to form complexes with heavy-metal ions, ions that are normally involved in oxidative degradation
Autocoids and their pharmacological modulationShaikhSaniya2
Autacoids are organic substances released from cells in response to stimulation that produce local physiological responses. This document classifies and describes various autacoids including histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. It discusses their mechanisms of action, functions, and adverse effects. Autacoids were originally considered inflammatory mediators but are now recognized to also initiate and modulate immune processes through effects on different cell populations and stages of the immune response.
This document provides an overview of the field of medicinal chemistry. It defines medicinal chemistry as an interdisciplinary research area that incorporates different branches of chemistry and biology to research and develop new drugs. The roles of medicinal chemists include synthesizing and characterizing new compounds, determining biological effects, optimizing lead compounds, and studying pharmacokinetic properties. It also discusses the drug development process and clinical trials. Key aspects covered include drug classification, sources of drug leads, and factors that influence drug properties such as stability and bioavailability.
Impurities in pharmaceutical substancesTushar Tukre
The document discusses impurities in pharmaceutical substances. It provides a history of pharmacopoeias and their role in setting standards for drugs. It then discusses sources and types of impurities that can arise during the manufacturing, purification, and storage of drugs. Impurities may come from raw materials, reagents, solvents, reaction vessels, intermediate products, or defects in the manufacturing process. The presence of impurities, even in small amounts, can influence the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products.
This document discusses histamine, an endogenous amine involved in various physiological processes. It is synthesized from histidine and stored in mast cells and basophils. Histamine acts through four receptors (H1-H4) and causes effects such as vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. It is involved in allergic reactions and regulation of acid secretion. Histamine's actions can be blocked by antihistamines, which competitively inhibit histamine receptors and are used to treat allergic disorders and motion sickness. Common side effects of antihistamines include sedation and anticholinergic effects.
This document discusses clove oil as a potential alternative to MS-222 for anesthesia in fish. It provides an overview of MS-222 and clove oil, including their mechanisms of action, dosages, and side effects. It then summarizes two studies that directly compared the efficacy of clove oil and MS-222 in zebrafish and red pacu. Both studies found that clove oil had faster induction times but longer recovery times compared to MS-222. However, the margin of safety was narrower for clove oil. The document concludes by discussing the limitations of extrapolating efficacy between species and considerations for choosing an anesthetic in fish.
This document discusses various autacoids, including histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. It provides details on their classification, synthesis, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, and antagonists. Histamine and serotonin are classified as amine autacoids derived from amino acids and act as inflammatory mediators. Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid that play important roles in inflammation and platelet aggregation. The document outlines the physiological roles and clinical applications of agonists and antagonists that target histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandin receptors.
This document discusses pharmaceutical preparations used in aquaculture. It begins by noting that aquaculture is an important food sector but disease outbreaks can be disruptive, so antimicrobials are used. It then describes various forms preparations can take including solutions, powders, tablets, capsules, and more. Specific preparations are aqueous solutions, magmas, infusions, tinctures, and fluid extracts. The document provides details on each type of preparation and how they are used or administered.
Preliminary phytochemical studies and evaluation of Antipyretic property of t...researchplantsciences
Purpose-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was claimed to have anti pyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. The people of Idemili area in Anambra State of Nigeria use the decoction of it to treat wounds, running stomach, aches and pains as well as fever. It is to this backdrop that this investigation was carried out to ascertain the veracity of the claim.
Methodology-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was collected and dried at ambient temperature. It was pulverized into powder. 500 gm of the powdered drug was placed into a two litre beaker containing one litre of methanol. It was allowed to stand with occasional shaking for 48 h. The content was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The extract contains the following secondary metabolites-alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The antipyretic activity was investigated using brewer’s yeast to induce pyrexia.
Result -The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata exhibited significant (p<0.05) antipyretic effect at 600 mg/kg from 1 h to 4 h and at 3 h to 4 h at 300 mg/kg compared with the control.
Conclusion-The claim of Idemili people of Anambra State Nigeria on the use of Ritchiea longipedicellata appears to be obvious in line with the results of the investigation.
Article Citation:
Chinedu Fred Anowi, Ezugwu CO, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DL.
Preliminary Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antipyretic Property of the Methanol Extract of the Rootbark of Ritchiea longipedicellata Gilg (capparidaceae)
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 192-195.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0048.pdf
Introduction to autacoids and classificationDikshakaushal8
Local hormones, also known as autacoids, are physiologically active substances produced locally in the body that have short-lived, localized effects. Some key classes of local hormones include amine derivatives like histamine and serotonin, peptide derivatives like bradykinin and angiotensins, and lipid derivatives like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet activating factor. These endogenous compounds play important roles in physiological and pathological processes through their actions on local tissues.
Guide for conduction of nonclinical and clinical studies for registration of ...Clapbio
This document provides guidelines for conducting nonclinical and clinical studies to register recombinant human alpha-interferon as a biological product using comparability development. It outlines requirements for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, efficacy and safety studies along with immunogenicity assessment and pharmacovigilance plans. Nonclinical studies should include comparative toxicity, local tolerance and pharmacodynamic studies in animals. Clinical studies should evaluate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety compared to an approved reference product. Overall immunogenicity and long-term safety through pharmacovigilance are also important considerations.
This presentation gives detailed information about antihistamine agents ,immunopharmacology .They also give details about their classification and mechanism of action.
The document discusses autacoids and focuses on histamine and antihistamines. It notes that histamine is derived from the amino acid histidine and is found in tissues like lungs, skin, and the gastrointestinal tract. Histamine causes inflammatory and allergic reactions by binding to H1 and H2 receptors. Antihistamines work by blocking these histamine receptors. First generation antihistamines often have anticholinergic effects and sedation as side effects, while second generation antihistamines generally do not. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic disorders, motion sickness, nausea/vomiting, and anaphylaxis. Their side effects include dry mouth, urinary retention, sedation
This document discusses preservatives in cosmetics and the debate around their usage. It notes that preservatives are needed to prevent contamination and keep products stable on shelves. However, some critics argue that certain preservatives like parabens may be linked to cancer. Supporters counter that regulatory agencies have found parabens to be safe. The document also discusses using natural preservatives but notes these are not always safer and can contain impurities. It proposes a new direction of using "bioidentical" preservatives that are man-made but identical to natural compounds.
Introduction to pharmacology and sources of drugs:Dr Rahul Kunkulol's Power p...Rahul Kunkulol
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. It describes important pharmacokinetic concepts like half-life, effective dose, and lethal dose which refer to what the body does to drugs. Important pharmacodynamic concepts are also introduced, like drug-receptor interactions and dose-response relationships, which refer to what drugs do to the body. Common drug classifications and sources of drugs from plants, minerals, animals and microbes are briefly outlined. Examples of specific clinically relevant drugs are also mentioned.
This document discusses the use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. It notes that fish can be stressed by handling and transport, so anesthetics are used to prevent injury and reduce metabolism. Commonly used anesthetics include MS-222, quinidine, 2-phenoxyethanol, and clove oil. Anesthetics induce sedation, partial loss of movement, or full anesthesia in fish. They are beneficial as they reduce stress on fish and allow for safer breeding, transport, and sampling. The document provides dosages for various anesthetics and details their effects on fish.
This regulation establishes rules for pesticide residues in food imported into or sold in Hong Kong. It will come into effect on August 1, 2014 after a two-year grace period. The regulation adopts definitions from Codex for terms like "pesticide" and "pesticide residue" and establishes maximum residue limits for certain pesticides in specific foods. It also exempts 78 pesticides and establishes penalties for non-compliance. The schedules provide detailed maximum residue limits and interpretive provisions.
Marine algae are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds with various biological activities useful for cancer therapy. Metabolites from algae like terpenoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols have shown antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects. Specifically, polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, fucoxanthin and fucoidan from algae downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins and induce apoptosis in cancer cells through caspase activation and intrinsic/extrinsic pathways without harming normal cells. Algal extracts contain various phytochemicals that can act as chemotherapeutic agents by selectively targeting cancer cells and driving cancers into remission.
New semi-synthetic derivatives of camphor and evaluation for their growth inh...Dr.M.Geethavani
Through the Blanc reaction, a series of novel derivatives of camphor (1a–g) and
camphor sulfonic acid (2a–g) were synthesized and characterized using IR, 1H-
NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS/MS (ESI) analyses. The antimicrobial activity of
these compounds, alongside their parent compounds (a–g), was evaluated
against drug-resistant pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA), multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (MDR-Kb),
Escherichia coli (FDA control), Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Candida albicans (CLSI strain), and Cryptococcus neoformans var.
grubii. The conjugation of camphor with quinoxalin-2,3(1H, 4H)-dione (1a)
notably enhanced antibacterial efficacy approximately 8-fold (MIC: 24 µM)
against MRSA. Similarly, the linkage of camphor with isatin (1g) resulted in an
8-fold increase in efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC: 26 µM) and a
4-fold increase against MRSA, MDR-Kb, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans
(MIC: 51 µM). Among the derivatives, compounds of benzoin (1e) and salicylic
acid (1f) demonstrated significant efficacy against drug-resistant Candida
albicans, MDR-Kb, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Meanwhile, 6,7-
biphenylquinoxalin 2-sulfonamide/sulfonyl chloride (1b/1d) selectively
inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. None of the compounds
displayed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Furthermore,
the new derivatives were assessed for anthelmintic efficacy, with results
indicating significant efficacy (p < 0.05) at 2.5 mg/mL, except for the salicylic
acid hybrids (1f, 2f). In conclusion, camphor hybrids (1a–g) exhibited enhanced
antimicrobial and Anthelmintic efficacy compared to camphor sulfonic acid
hybrids (2a–g). The improved antimicrobial efficacy is attributed to increased
membrane permeability across the cell wall, facilitated by the camphor moiety,
thereby augmenting the lipophilicity of the compounds.
This document provides an overview of an antimicrobial stewardship training module for nurses. It covers several topics:
1. Introduction to antimicrobial stewardship programs and their goals of improving patient outcomes, decreasing resistance, and reducing unnecessary antibiotic use.
2. General principles of antimicrobial therapy including classes of antibiotics, mechanisms of action, and pharmacology considerations.
3. Specific guidance on antibiotic use in special situations like renal or liver disease, and proper collection of cultures.
4. The importance of infection prevention, patient education, and the role of nurses in antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Antibiotics classification on bases of mode of action and industrial productionRajAghera
Antibiotics are classified based on their mode of action and method of production. They can be bactericidal, bacteriostatic, narrow or broad spectrum based on their antimicrobial activity and target organisms. Major classes include beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides which inhibit bacterial cell wall, protein or DNA synthesis. Antibiotics are produced through fermentation using high yielding bacterial strains in bioreactors, followed by downstream purification and quality control before packaging.
This document provides guidance on preventing health risks from pesticide use in agriculture. It discusses pesticides and their classification, exposure risks at different stages of use, potential health problems, and recommendations for personal protective equipment, transport, storage, application and disposal. The overall aim is to promote worker safety by providing advice on proper procedures for handling pesticides.
This document provides an overview of the field of medicinal chemistry. It defines medicinal chemistry as an interdisciplinary research area that incorporates different branches of chemistry and biology to research and develop new drugs. The roles of medicinal chemists include synthesizing and characterizing new compounds, determining biological effects, optimizing lead compounds, and studying pharmacokinetic properties. It also discusses the drug development process and clinical trials. Key aspects covered include drug classification, sources of drug leads, and factors that influence drug properties such as stability and bioavailability.
Impurities in pharmaceutical substancesTushar Tukre
The document discusses impurities in pharmaceutical substances. It provides a history of pharmacopoeias and their role in setting standards for drugs. It then discusses sources and types of impurities that can arise during the manufacturing, purification, and storage of drugs. Impurities may come from raw materials, reagents, solvents, reaction vessels, intermediate products, or defects in the manufacturing process. The presence of impurities, even in small amounts, can influence the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products.
This document discusses histamine, an endogenous amine involved in various physiological processes. It is synthesized from histidine and stored in mast cells and basophils. Histamine acts through four receptors (H1-H4) and causes effects such as vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. It is involved in allergic reactions and regulation of acid secretion. Histamine's actions can be blocked by antihistamines, which competitively inhibit histamine receptors and are used to treat allergic disorders and motion sickness. Common side effects of antihistamines include sedation and anticholinergic effects.
This document discusses clove oil as a potential alternative to MS-222 for anesthesia in fish. It provides an overview of MS-222 and clove oil, including their mechanisms of action, dosages, and side effects. It then summarizes two studies that directly compared the efficacy of clove oil and MS-222 in zebrafish and red pacu. Both studies found that clove oil had faster induction times but longer recovery times compared to MS-222. However, the margin of safety was narrower for clove oil. The document concludes by discussing the limitations of extrapolating efficacy between species and considerations for choosing an anesthetic in fish.
This document discusses various autacoids, including histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. It provides details on their classification, synthesis, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, and antagonists. Histamine and serotonin are classified as amine autacoids derived from amino acids and act as inflammatory mediators. Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid that play important roles in inflammation and platelet aggregation. The document outlines the physiological roles and clinical applications of agonists and antagonists that target histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandin receptors.
This document discusses pharmaceutical preparations used in aquaculture. It begins by noting that aquaculture is an important food sector but disease outbreaks can be disruptive, so antimicrobials are used. It then describes various forms preparations can take including solutions, powders, tablets, capsules, and more. Specific preparations are aqueous solutions, magmas, infusions, tinctures, and fluid extracts. The document provides details on each type of preparation and how they are used or administered.
Preliminary phytochemical studies and evaluation of Antipyretic property of t...researchplantsciences
Purpose-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was claimed to have anti pyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. The people of Idemili area in Anambra State of Nigeria use the decoction of it to treat wounds, running stomach, aches and pains as well as fever. It is to this backdrop that this investigation was carried out to ascertain the veracity of the claim.
Methodology-The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata was collected and dried at ambient temperature. It was pulverized into powder. 500 gm of the powdered drug was placed into a two litre beaker containing one litre of methanol. It was allowed to stand with occasional shaking for 48 h. The content was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The extract contains the following secondary metabolites-alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. The antipyretic activity was investigated using brewer’s yeast to induce pyrexia.
Result -The root of Ritchiea longipedicellata exhibited significant (p<0.05) antipyretic effect at 600 mg/kg from 1 h to 4 h and at 3 h to 4 h at 300 mg/kg compared with the control.
Conclusion-The claim of Idemili people of Anambra State Nigeria on the use of Ritchiea longipedicellata appears to be obvious in line with the results of the investigation.
Article Citation:
Chinedu Fred Anowi, Ezugwu CO, Ilodigwe EE, Ajaghaku DL.
Preliminary Phytochemical Studies and Evaluation of Antipyretic Property of the Methanol Extract of the Rootbark of Ritchiea longipedicellata Gilg (capparidaceae)
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2013) 2(2): 192-195.
Full Text:
http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0048.pdf
Introduction to autacoids and classificationDikshakaushal8
Local hormones, also known as autacoids, are physiologically active substances produced locally in the body that have short-lived, localized effects. Some key classes of local hormones include amine derivatives like histamine and serotonin, peptide derivatives like bradykinin and angiotensins, and lipid derivatives like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet activating factor. These endogenous compounds play important roles in physiological and pathological processes through their actions on local tissues.
Guide for conduction of nonclinical and clinical studies for registration of ...Clapbio
This document provides guidelines for conducting nonclinical and clinical studies to register recombinant human alpha-interferon as a biological product using comparability development. It outlines requirements for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, efficacy and safety studies along with immunogenicity assessment and pharmacovigilance plans. Nonclinical studies should include comparative toxicity, local tolerance and pharmacodynamic studies in animals. Clinical studies should evaluate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety compared to an approved reference product. Overall immunogenicity and long-term safety through pharmacovigilance are also important considerations.
This presentation gives detailed information about antihistamine agents ,immunopharmacology .They also give details about their classification and mechanism of action.
The document discusses autacoids and focuses on histamine and antihistamines. It notes that histamine is derived from the amino acid histidine and is found in tissues like lungs, skin, and the gastrointestinal tract. Histamine causes inflammatory and allergic reactions by binding to H1 and H2 receptors. Antihistamines work by blocking these histamine receptors. First generation antihistamines often have anticholinergic effects and sedation as side effects, while second generation antihistamines generally do not. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic disorders, motion sickness, nausea/vomiting, and anaphylaxis. Their side effects include dry mouth, urinary retention, sedation
This document discusses preservatives in cosmetics and the debate around their usage. It notes that preservatives are needed to prevent contamination and keep products stable on shelves. However, some critics argue that certain preservatives like parabens may be linked to cancer. Supporters counter that regulatory agencies have found parabens to be safe. The document also discusses using natural preservatives but notes these are not always safer and can contain impurities. It proposes a new direction of using "bioidentical" preservatives that are man-made but identical to natural compounds.
Introduction to pharmacology and sources of drugs:Dr Rahul Kunkulol's Power p...Rahul Kunkulol
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. It describes important pharmacokinetic concepts like half-life, effective dose, and lethal dose which refer to what the body does to drugs. Important pharmacodynamic concepts are also introduced, like drug-receptor interactions and dose-response relationships, which refer to what drugs do to the body. Common drug classifications and sources of drugs from plants, minerals, animals and microbes are briefly outlined. Examples of specific clinically relevant drugs are also mentioned.
This document discusses the use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. It notes that fish can be stressed by handling and transport, so anesthetics are used to prevent injury and reduce metabolism. Commonly used anesthetics include MS-222, quinidine, 2-phenoxyethanol, and clove oil. Anesthetics induce sedation, partial loss of movement, or full anesthesia in fish. They are beneficial as they reduce stress on fish and allow for safer breeding, transport, and sampling. The document provides dosages for various anesthetics and details their effects on fish.
This regulation establishes rules for pesticide residues in food imported into or sold in Hong Kong. It will come into effect on August 1, 2014 after a two-year grace period. The regulation adopts definitions from Codex for terms like "pesticide" and "pesticide residue" and establishes maximum residue limits for certain pesticides in specific foods. It also exempts 78 pesticides and establishes penalties for non-compliance. The schedules provide detailed maximum residue limits and interpretive provisions.
Marine algae are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds with various biological activities useful for cancer therapy. Metabolites from algae like terpenoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols have shown antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects. Specifically, polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, fucoxanthin and fucoidan from algae downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins and induce apoptosis in cancer cells through caspase activation and intrinsic/extrinsic pathways without harming normal cells. Algal extracts contain various phytochemicals that can act as chemotherapeutic agents by selectively targeting cancer cells and driving cancers into remission.
New semi-synthetic derivatives of camphor and evaluation for their growth inh...Dr.M.Geethavani
Through the Blanc reaction, a series of novel derivatives of camphor (1a–g) and
camphor sulfonic acid (2a–g) were synthesized and characterized using IR, 1H-
NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS/MS (ESI) analyses. The antimicrobial activity of
these compounds, alongside their parent compounds (a–g), was evaluated
against drug-resistant pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA), multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (MDR-Kb),
Escherichia coli (FDA control), Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Candida albicans (CLSI strain), and Cryptococcus neoformans var.
grubii. The conjugation of camphor with quinoxalin-2,3(1H, 4H)-dione (1a)
notably enhanced antibacterial efficacy approximately 8-fold (MIC: 24 µM)
against MRSA. Similarly, the linkage of camphor with isatin (1g) resulted in an
8-fold increase in efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC: 26 µM) and a
4-fold increase against MRSA, MDR-Kb, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans
(MIC: 51 µM). Among the derivatives, compounds of benzoin (1e) and salicylic
acid (1f) demonstrated significant efficacy against drug-resistant Candida
albicans, MDR-Kb, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Meanwhile, 6,7-
biphenylquinoxalin 2-sulfonamide/sulfonyl chloride (1b/1d) selectively
inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. None of the compounds
displayed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Furthermore,
the new derivatives were assessed for anthelmintic efficacy, with results
indicating significant efficacy (p < 0.05) at 2.5 mg/mL, except for the salicylic
acid hybrids (1f, 2f). In conclusion, camphor hybrids (1a–g) exhibited enhanced
antimicrobial and Anthelmintic efficacy compared to camphor sulfonic acid
hybrids (2a–g). The improved antimicrobial efficacy is attributed to increased
membrane permeability across the cell wall, facilitated by the camphor moiety,
thereby augmenting the lipophilicity of the compounds.
This document provides an overview of an antimicrobial stewardship training module for nurses. It covers several topics:
1. Introduction to antimicrobial stewardship programs and their goals of improving patient outcomes, decreasing resistance, and reducing unnecessary antibiotic use.
2. General principles of antimicrobial therapy including classes of antibiotics, mechanisms of action, and pharmacology considerations.
3. Specific guidance on antibiotic use in special situations like renal or liver disease, and proper collection of cultures.
4. The importance of infection prevention, patient education, and the role of nurses in antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Antibiotics classification on bases of mode of action and industrial productionRajAghera
Antibiotics are classified based on their mode of action and method of production. They can be bactericidal, bacteriostatic, narrow or broad spectrum based on their antimicrobial activity and target organisms. Major classes include beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides which inhibit bacterial cell wall, protein or DNA synthesis. Antibiotics are produced through fermentation using high yielding bacterial strains in bioreactors, followed by downstream purification and quality control before packaging.
This document provides guidance on preventing health risks from pesticide use in agriculture. It discusses pesticides and their classification, exposure risks at different stages of use, potential health problems, and recommendations for personal protective equipment, transport, storage, application and disposal. The overall aim is to promote worker safety by providing advice on proper procedures for handling pesticides.
Pharmaceutical microbiology involves the study of microorganisms associated with pharmaceutical development and manufacturing to minimize contamination and ensure safety and efficacy. It includes validation of disinfectants, cleanroom operation, and contamination control strategies. Key aspects are production of antibiotics and enzymes via fermentation, microbial diagnosis and waste treatment, and sterilization methods to eliminate microbes. Identification of microbes in materials and products and testing for sterility, preservative efficacy, and endotoxins are also important pharmaceutical microbiology functions.
Residual Solvents, Their Limits and PDE A Reviewijtsrd
The objective of this Review Paper is to recommend acceptable amounts for residual solvents in pharmaceuticals for the safety of the patient. The Review Paper recommends use of less toxic solvents and describes levels considered to be toxicologically acceptable for some residual solvents. Residual solvents in pharmaceuticals are defined here as organic volatile chemicals that are used or produced in the manufacture of drug substances or excipients, or in the preparation of drug products. The solvents are not completely removed by practical manufacturing techniques. Nitin Thorat | Prof. Santosh Waghmare | Dr. Hemant Kamble "Residual Solvents, Their Limits and PDE: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50465.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/50465/residual-solvents-their-limits-and-pde-a-review/nitin-thorat
Cytotoxicity of Blended Versus Single Medicinal Mushroom Extracts on Human Ca...Jolene1981
ABSTRACT: The use of mushrooms contributes to human nutrition by providing low lipid content of lipids and high dietary fiber content, as well as significant content of other biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenolic antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the content of polyphenols and polysaccharides, as well as the cytotoxic and antioxidative properties of several medicinal mushroom preparations. The content of total phenols and flavonoids of preparations of blended mushroom extracts (Lentifom, Super Polyporin, Agarikon, Agarikon Plus, Agarikon.1, and Mykoprotect.1) was evaluated quantitatively by using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant capacity of the preparations was evaluated using the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides was determined using a specific gravimetric method, based on ethanol precipitation. To determine cytotoxic effects of single and blended mushroom extracts, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and neutral red assays were conducted using human small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, and brain astrocytoma cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that due to the significant content of beneficial polyphenolic antioxidants and soluble polysaccharides, use of these mushroom preparations is beneficial in maintaining good health, as well as in the prevention and adjuvant biotherapy of various human pathological aberrations. These results reveal that these extracts exhibit different cytotoxic effects on tumor cells originating from different tissues. In addition, the comparison of investigated blended mushroom extracts with three well-known commercial mushroom products derived from single mushroom species or single mushroom compounds shows that blended mushroom extracts exhibit significantly stronger cytotoxic effects on human tumor cell lines.
Chemical composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalisJing Zang
The document summarizes a study on the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalis essential oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 19 constituents making up 96.4% of the oil, with the major components being alpha-pinene (83%), sabinene (2.6%), and delta-3-carene (2.5%). The oil showed antibacterial effects against 6 bacterial strains, including both gram-positive and gram-negative, with minimum inhibitory concentration values between 12.8-25.6 mg/ml. It also exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assays, with 49.8% scavenging at 100 μg/ml concentration. Therefore
The Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Seven Underexplor...IRJET Journal
This study evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of seven medicinal plant extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and steroids in all plant extracts. The extract of Psychotria peduncularis showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. The extracts exhibited significant antioxidant effects. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against both bacteria and yeast, with the extracts of Tristemma Mauritianum and P. peduncularis showing the most potent effects. The results suggest that the screened plant extracts may be useful as sources for
1. Nutraceuticals are food or food components that provide health benefits for treating or preventing disease. They include vitamins, minerals, herbs, probiotics, and other dietary supplements.
2. Jamun fruit and seed extracts were shown to be effective in reducing blood glucose and insulin levels in diabetic rat models. Key phytochemicals in Jamun like anthocyanins, tannins, and alkaloids may help control diabetes.
3. A study developed a probiotic pomegranate beverage using lactic acid bacteria strains. Treatment with L. acidophilus showed highest total phenols and antioxidant activity over the storage period. The beverage provides benefits of pomegranate with enhanced probiotic
Fruits Derived Nutraceuticals: The safer alternative for pharmaceutical medic...Aisha Kolhar
1) Nutraceuticals derived from fruits can provide health benefits as alternatives to pharmaceuticals. A study found that a probiotic pomegranate beverage developed using lactic acid bacteria maintained beneficial phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity over storage.
2) Jamun fruit and seeds were found to effectively regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in animal studies, indicating their potential as a natural treatment for diabetes.
3) Strawberry extracts were shown to inhibit cell viability, induce cell cycle arrest, and reduce migration and tumor growth in animal studies, demonstrating their anti-cancer properties.
The document summarizes the report from the Second WHO Expert Meeting on Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine held in Copenhagen from 29-31 May 2007. The meeting reviewed and updated a previous list of critically important antimicrobial classes developed at a 2005 meeting in Canberra, considering factors like new developments in antimicrobial resistance and expert committee recommendations. Participants modified the document title to clarify the purpose is for developing risk management strategies for antimicrobial resistance from non-human use. Relatively few changes were needed to update the categorization of antimicrobials. The group also prioritized agents within the critically important category to focus risk management strategies on quinolones, 3rd/4th generation cephalosporins,
This document discusses biopharmaceuticals, which are medical drugs produced using biotechnology. It classifies biopharmaceuticals into several categories, including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, thrombotic agents, interferons, blood factors, and hormones. Interferons are proteins produced by immune cells in response to challenges from viruses and tumors. They help the immune response by inhibiting viral replication and activating immune cells. Interferons are commercially produced from lymphocytes isolated from blood and induced to produce interferons. Biopharmaceuticals have advantages like being highly effective, specific, and safer than other drugs, with fewer side effects. They have many commercial applications in treating conditions like anemia, cancers, hepatitis B, and more. Biopharmaceuticals
New Dietary Supplements from Medicinal Mushrooms: Dr Myko San–A Registration ...Jolene1981
ABSTRACT: In December 2010 the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of the Republic of Croatia registered
tablet preparations AGARIKON.1 and MYKOPROTECT.1, developed by Dr Myko San—Health From Mushrooms
Co., as dietary supplements. This may be the first time for a European manufacturer to successfully register its own
medicinal mushroom products in a European country. As a product with a very broad spectrum of action, officially
described as a preparation for immunity strengthening and general health improvement, AGARIKON.1 is a result of
20 years of research and practice, and is based on the formulation that has achieved the best tumor growth inhibition
rates—above 90% on tumor cell lines of mouse squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma.
Since the usage of massive dosages of proprietary blended liquid mushroom extracts in patients with breast,
colorectal, lung, and other cancers significantly improved their survival rates, alleviated side effects of standard
oncological therapies, improved their quality of life, and resulted in life prolongation—the very idea is that scientifically
verified medicinal mushroom products can be used as powerful biological weapons to fight human malignancies. If
progressive modern medicine were redefined in a more effective and humane way, cancer mycotherapy should be a
part of a broad concept of biological prevention and therapy of cancer. Also, with a very broad spectrum of action,
generally formulated as “to strengthen immunity,” MYKOPROTECT.1 is intended as an important element in the
prevention and fighting of serious viral infections, whether they are caused by well-known viruses (hepatitis, HIV,
etc.) or newly emerging ones.
This document discusses industrial hazards in the pharmaceutical industry. It begins by introducing the topic and defining industrial hazards. It then discusses the hazardous chemicals and substances used, including industrial chemicals, drug-related substances, and the specific hazards of fermentation, chemical synthesis, and natural extraction processes. The document also examines the operations involved in manufacturing drug dosage forms and the related safety hazards, such as exposure to dusts and vapors. Throughout, it provides examples of hazards and emphasizes the need for proper control measures to protect worker safety.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties from extract of Alchorne...Uploadworld
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Phytochemical Profile and in vitro and in vivo Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant...Self-employed researcher
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Turkey. In vitro studies revealed that the extract contained a pronounced
amount of phenolics (206.3±0.9 mg Gallic acid Eq/g extract) and exhibited
significant levels of antioxidant (FRAP; 6226 µmol Fe2+/g extract, ORAC;
6593 µmol Trolox Eq/g extract, DPPH; IC50:33.8 ug/mL and metal chelation;
IC50:114 ug/mL) and anticonvulsant (AChE; IC50:71.2 ug/mL, BChE; IC50:92.5
ug/mL, GABA-T; IC50:94.7 ug/mL) activities. In vivo studies shown that the
the extract exhibited high anticonvulsant activities. In addition, the extracts
regulated the behavior, locomotion, and mental activities of the mice tested.
Biochemical evaluation of the brain tissue revealed that the extract inhibited
the production of MDA and stimulated the increase of antioxidant enzyme
levels, which suggest the possible antioxidative role of the extract that worked
as neuroprotective agents by scarfing the free radicals produced through PTZ
seizure inducer and attenuate convulsions. Moreover the extract regulated
serum biochemical parameters, total antioxidants, total oxidant, and ischemia modified albumin levels. Chromatographic studies were revealed that gallic
acid principally might be the major contributor of anticonvulsant and
antioxidant activities with the additive contributions of fatty acids and mineral
compounds. Findings obtained from this study partially justified the traditional
use of Epilobium hirsutum in the treatment of epilepsy and suggest potential
use of the extract as an industrial or pharmaceutical agent.
This document discusses alternative medications and health management strategies for shrimp farming to improve production. It notes that disease outbreaks cause significant economic losses. Currently, antibiotics are widely used but many have been banned due to environmental and human health concerns. The document proposes using herbal medicines, probiotics, prebiotics, algal compounds, and biosurfactants as natural alternatives to antibiotics. It also discusses developing DNA vaccines to provide long-lasting immunity against viral pathogens affecting shrimp. Computational methods for drug screening and molecular docking are presented to design new antiviral and immunostimulating compounds. The document argues these natural approaches can help control pathogens effectively and sustainably in shrimp aquaculture.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. Rhea Pharmaceutical Sciences biopharmaceutical
company with combined experiences
in natural supplements and chemical molecule design,
synthesis, microbiology and virology research.
Our company’s product portfolio is mainly focused on the
anti-infective market. Our groups research has been
focused on successfully developing different supplements
and molecules for Viral, bacterial and fungal infections.
3. • Throughout years of research, we
have successfully developed an
essential oil compounds which
shows beneficial properties and
efficacy against bacteria and
viruses. In addition, the
compound also shows
immunomodulatory properties
and proven Non-Toxic since it was
derived from all-natural materials.
• The beneficial properties of the
compounds is tested for Human
Use. The result of the studies
regarding the beneficial
properties are summarized in the
table:
Natural Food supplement with Antiviral,
Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Properties
Summary of beneficial properties for Human Use
Beneficial Properties Test Methodology Results
Antifungal MIC / Inhibition zone Effective
Antibacterial MIC / Inhibition zone Effective
Anti inflammatory In Vitro Surpressing IL-1β,
TNFa, IL6, IL10
Immunomodulator In Vitro Surpressing IL2
Non-specific antiviral In Vitro Activating IFNg
Antitumor In Vivo (Rat Model) Significant (-) in tumor
size
Anticarcinogenic In Vivo (Rat Model) Significant (-) in tumor
size
Antioxidant In Vitro Potent Antioxidant
Introducing HealthTone
6. Detailed product description &
usage recommendation
Duration
of Use
General
Information
Usage
Recommendation
Shelf life
& Storage
Conditions
Supplement
Facts
Product
Composition
HealthTone is a Natural food
supplement obtained from extracts
of medicinal plants with a potent
antioxidant property.
General Information
Each ml contains oils from :
- Gardenia jasminoides .......1.8 mg
- Commiphora myrrha........ 1.8 mg
- Boswellia serrata.............. 1.8 mg
- Foeniculum vulgarae........ 1.8 mg
- Daucus carota .................. 1.8 mg
- Olive oil ……………….......up to 1 ml
Product Composition
Repairs and protects cells from oxidative stress and free
radicals.
Supplement Facts
During or after illness, not less than one month.
Duration of Use
1ml twice a day 10-15 minutes
after meals and avoid drinking
liquids for 5 minutes
after administration to support
better absorption of supplement.
Usage Recommendation
18 months. Please use within
one month after first opening.
Shelf Life
7. Registration & recognition by legal bodies
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE under EURASIA ECONOMIC UNION
Certificate no. : AM.01.48.01.003.E.000024.03.19
Certified as of : March 12th, 2019
Union Members : Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan,
Russia
Recognition from Ministry of Health – ARMENIA
Highlighted excerpt from the letter :
“Taking into account the discussion and conclusion of the
meeting conducted by the specialized consultants,
leading scientists, and key opinion leaders from the
Ministry of Health, Health Tone (produced by RHEA
Pharmaceutical) can be considered an adjuvant therapy
for patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)”.
STATE REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE – INDONESIA
Certificate no. : POM TI204633151
Certified as of : April 2nd, 2020
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RHEA PHARMACEUTICAL, LLC Dear Mrs.
EVGENIA MELKONYAN
Dear Mrs. Melkonyan, I want to share with you
the following information about the
biologically active supplement (HealthTone)
that was designed by Professor Yusef Babikyan
and produced by RHEA Pharmaceutical.
Taking into account the discussion and
conclusion of the meeting conducted by the
specialized consultants, leading scientists, and
key opinion leaders from the Ministry of Health,
HealthTone (produced by RHEA
Pharmaceutical) can be considered an adjuvant
therapy for patients infected by SARS- CoV-2
(COVID- 19).
Respectfully Yours, 23.04.2020
LUSINE KOCHARYAN
9. • Screening of Health Tone for antibacterial activity was done by the disk diffusion method. Results are depicted in the table below :
Bacterial & yeast strains
Health Tone Formulation
10 µl
Tetracycline
30 µg
Fluconazole
40 µg
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538 10.5 ± 1.7 32.1 ± 0.8* ND
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC-12228 8.3 ± 0.7 12.3 ± 5.8 ND
Escherichia coli ATCC-8739 7.1 ± 0.05 19.1 ± 1.5* ND
Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium ATCC-14028 7.1 ± 0.07 20.5 ± 1.0* ND
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-9027 12.6 ± 0.4* 8.7 ± 1.5 ND
Micrococcus luteus ATCC-10240 10.3 ± 0.9 28.9 ± 1.0* ND
Candida albicans ATCC-10231 7.1 ± 0.3 ND 27.4 ± 0.9*
Candida albicans NCTC-885-653 7.0 ± 0.03 ND 25.5 ± 1.4*
*) Represent statistical difference (p≤ 0.05) in the size of inhibition zones formed under the paper disc by Health Tone and the control
• Microdilution susceptibility assay was performed for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC). Results are depicted in the table below :
Bacterial & yeast strains
Health Tone Formulation
(mg/ml)
Tetracycline
(µg/ml)
Fluconazole
(µg/ml)
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538 2.5 0.006 ND
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC-12228 2.5 6.25 ND
Escherichia coli ATCC-8739 2.5 24.8 ND
Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium ATCC-14028 2.5 23.5 ND
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-9027 2.5 13.3 ND
Micrococcus luteus ATCC-10240 2.5 29.4 ND
Candida albicans ATCC-10231 1.25 ND 250
Candida albicans NCTC-885-653 0.625 ND 500
Study of Antibacterial activity against bacteria, yeast strains & pathogenic microorganisms
10. The potent anti-inflammatory activity of Health Tone Oil is expressed by evident surpressing activities of
cytokyne such as IL-1β,TNFa, IL-6, IL-10 in In-Vitro testing. Results are depicted in the charts below :
Study of potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity
11. Dose-dependent alteration of Interferon gamma production in
untreated and E.coli Lipopolysaccharide-treated human
peripheral blood lymphocytes culture
The potent anti-viral activity of Health Tone Oil is
expressed by activation of INFg. Results are
depicted in the charts below :
Study of potent non-specific Anti-Viral Activity
12. Study of Immune Modulating Properties
The potent anti-inflammatory activity of Health Tone Oil is expressed by evident
surpressing activities of cytokyne such as IL-1β, TNFa, IL-6, IL-10 in In-Vitro testing.
Results are depicted in the charts below :
13. Study of potent Anti-Oxidant Activity
We observed that BAV like alfa-tocopherol was able to
promote the scavenging of free radicals, displaying a high
dose–response representing a significant antioxidant activity
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Concentration (μg/ml)
Inhibition
(%)
alfa-tocopherol
NOF
in vitro antioxidant activity of the NOF was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging. The oil
interacted with the DPPH by transfer of electron or hydrogen, neutralizing its free radical
character. The oil was able to promote the scavenging of DPPH radical, displaying a high dose–
response (r2 = 0.96), with inhibition varying from 5 to 65 %, at concentrations from 5 to 50 μg/ml.
Compound
14. Study of Immune Modulating Properties :
Modulation of Polymorphonuclear neutrophils respiratory burst & inducing human
Neutrophil phagocytosis
In this study we demonstrated that Health Tone does not affect human PMN spontaneous oxidative burst
but dramatically decreases fMLP- and PMA-induced, oxidative burst of cells (as depicted in the figure &
the table below).
Accordingly, Health Tone could serve as a potential antioxidant capable restoring impaired intracellular
production of ROS in PMN and down-modulation of overwhelming inflammatory response of PMN to
chemotaxis- and phagocytosis-mediated respiratory burst induction.
Human
polymorphonuclear
neutrophils
Spontaneous fMLP PMA E. coli
Whole blood
control
11.2±2.5 57.1±13.9 98±0.8 99.6±0.1
Whole blood +
6*10-3 µg/µl NOF
11.6±3.9 31±9.5• 57.4±2• 56.5±3.2•
Whole blood +
6*10-4 µg/µl NOF
14.5±5.2 37±13.6• 46.6±12.1• 51.7±13.2•
Control NOF 1 NOF 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
%
of
cells
able
to
undergo
phagocytosis
* *
15. Natural essential oils mode of action
Inactivation of infectious bronchitis Virus H120 with Health tone oil
1. Reagent and Material
• HT Oil
• Saline solution 0.85%
• Allantoic fluid of IB H120 Virus
2. Methods
a.Trial will be conducted in 5 group treatments of oil Group
b. Inactivation
• Mix the diluted oil solution using vortex for ± 30 seconds.
• Gently transferred the oil solution to erlenmeyer flask antigen contained.
• Incubate the specimen in a 37°C shaker incubator for 16-18 hours.
c. Inoculation
• Prepare 10 days embryonated eggs for 5 groups of treatment, positive control and negative control group.
• 5 treatment groups : inoculated with 0.2 ml mixture.
• IBV negative control : without inoculation.
• IBV positive control : inoculated with 0.2 ml IBV H120 virus.
• Incubation the eggs for 6 days at 36.5°C incubator with daily observation. Eggs with dead embryos within 24 hours post-inoculation will be
discarded as non-specific.
•At the end of observation all of eggs will be chilled in refrigerator and harvested.
16. Natural essential oils mode of action
INACTIVATION OF INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS H120 WITH HEALTH TONE OIL
17. Clinical study: Health tone solution as a
preventive agent
PURPOSE: The efficacy of Health tone solution as a preventive agent of Covid-19
infection among medical staff.
Main objectives:
• to minimize the Covid-19 infection rate of high risk medical staff in hospitals (using
Health tone solution)
• to evaluate the efficacy of Health tone solution on clinical signs and severity of Covid-
19 infection (using Health tone solution)
COMPARISON:
• percentage of medical staff infected by Covid-19 infection at period before and after
receiving Health tone solution
18. Clinical study: Overview of the study
design and dosage regimen
Organization “Erebuni” medical center , Yerevan Armenia
Total number of participants 240
Selection of departments 7 departments are subject to inclusion:
Covid-19 department
Reception
Intensive therapy
Hemodialysis
Otolaryngology and respiratory diseases
Ophthalmology department
Outpatient department
Duration of research 2 month
Posology and route of administration 1ml twice a day 10-15 minutes after meals and avoid drinking liquids for 5 min after administration.
Output form 30mL amber glass bottle in a carton box, with a screw-on plastic lid and a screw-on glass pipette
included.
19. Key results on product application
Erebuny Hospital data Yerevan ,Armenia (April – June 2020)
Trial on Erebuny Hospital Yerevan, Armenia (April – June 2020)
Department Number of Health Care
Professional (HCP)
Infected HCP before
HealthTone application
Infected HCP after
HealthTone application
Reception 49 3 (6.1%) 1 (2%)
ICU 41 24 (58.5%) 3 (7.3%)
Hemodialysis 24 5 (20%) 1 (2.2%)
ENT 45 2 (4.4%) 1 (2.2%)
GYN / OBS 31 9 (29%) 3 (9.6%)
Policlinic 51 14 (24.4) 3 (9.6%)
Others 13 0 0
Total 240 57 (23.7%) 9 (3.7%)
• The data depicted above was based on the product trial conducted for 1 month starting from late April 2020
to early June 2020.
• Based on the trial, the number infected HCP drop significantly after HealthTone application.
• Findings described above implied HealthTone efficacy in supporting the prevention from COVID-19.
20. Update on cell-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
for Rhea’s essential Oil tested at the University
of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB)
October 24th , 2020
21. Cell-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
Test Result from UTMB issued per 24th October 2020
Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC)
and University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB)
Positive Control
*A549 cells are adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells
Essential Oil in
HealthTone
• The test methodology is comparing
Remdesivir antiviral properties with
Essential Oil Components in Health Tone.
• The left chart indicated Remdesivir which
potently inhibited viral replication in A549
cells infected with SARS-CoV-2.
• The right chart indicated the Essential Oil
component in HealthTone which showing
similar potent properties.
22. Plaque reduction activity of Health Tone Oil in Vero E6 cells
Medium
Health Tone Oil ,
2048 dilution
CC50
(Cytotoxicity)
EC50 SARS-
CoV-2 Plaque
Reduction
Conclusion:
The Health Tone Oil has strong
biological activity.
23. Prediction of Small Molecules Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
Nonstructural protein 12/7/8 (nsp12/7/8, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,
RdRp): Nsp12 is the polymerase which bounds to its essential cofactors, nsp7
and nsp8. It is important in replication and transcription of the viral genome.
The structure of RdRp in complex with RNA and triphosphate form of
Remdesivir (RTP) was downloaded from PDB database with code of 7BV2.Thus
we defined two sites for small molecule docking: the RTP binding site (RTP site),
and the RNA binding site (RNA site) and prepared the target structure. For small
molecules docking, four structures were provided: the complex form of
nsp12/7/8, and the single chain of nsp12, nsp7, and nsp8.
Molecular structure of RdRp.The cartoon with the RTP and RNA binding site is
shown (the top). Remdesivir in the binding cavities is shown in the surface
model with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, in green, blue, red colors respectively.
Molecular interactions of the Remdesivir and bonds distances with the amino
acid residues at the binding sites are shown (the bottom).
24. Prediction of Small Molecules Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
Molecular docking of the 3-
Acetyl-beta-boswellic acid
onto the predicted GTP site
and its molecular interactions
with the RdRp amino acid
residues. Molecular
interactions of the 3-Acetyl-
beta-boswellic acid and bonds
distances with the amino acid
residues at the GTP binding
sites are shown.The 3-Acetyl-
beta-boswellic acid in the stick
model with carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen, in green, blue and red
colors respectively.
29. Identification of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Inhibitors in Health
Tone oil by
Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach
Hotspot 31 and hotspot 353
residues of ACE2 receptor
responsible for recognizing S-
RBD of SARS-CoV-2. GR
hydrochloride hydrate (GRHH)
and 3-acetyl-beta-boswellic acid.
GRHH and 11-oxo-beta-boswellic
acid. GRHH and 20-
hydroxyecdysone. GRHH and
gardenin B. GRHH and
anisaldehyde with. Blue ribbons
corresponds to residues of ACE2
receptor and yellow stick model
represents residues of Ligands.
GRHH ligand shows as green and
others as magenta color.
30. Identification of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Inhibitors in Health Tone oil by
Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach
Bimodal type of action and “closed two arms
structures” formation by Health Tone oil compounds.
(A) Molecular interactions of 11-Oxo-beta-boswellic
acid with ACE2 receptor hotspot Lys31 and Lys353 and
S-RBD-ACE2 interface. (B) Molecular interactions of
Shanzhiside with ACE2 receptor hotspot Lys31 and
Lys353 and S-RBD-ACE2 interface. (Blue and yellow
ribbons corresponds to Lys353 hotspots and Lys 31
hotspots residues of ACE2 receptor respectively, violet
chains corresponds to S-RBD of Cov2, yellow stick
model represents residues of ligands and GR
hydrochloride hydrate ligand shows as green color.
31. Health tone is Included under BPOM’s list of accompaniment
for clinical trial of herbal products with immune-modulator properties
to help COVID-19 patients
https://www.smartpatients.com/trials/NCT04627519