Health technology assessment (HTA) is a multidisciplinary process that systematically and transparently evaluates medical, social, economic and ethical issues related to health technologies to inform health policy. HTA aims to determine if a new technology provides added value compared to current standards of care and which patients would benefit most, using international evidence about the technology and local healthcare contexts. The main purpose of HTA is to advise health policymakers on reimbursement and use of technologies. The European network for HTA developed a core model to standardize HTA that assesses nine domains including health problems, safety, clinical effectiveness, costs, ethics, and organizational and social impacts.
Presentation delivered by Dr Adham Ismail, Regional Adviser, Health Technologies at the 62nd Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean
Presentation delivered by Dr Adham Ismail, Regional Adviser, Health Technologies at the 62nd Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean
Concept of Economic Evaluation in Health CarePrabesh Ghimire
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
Global HTA and pricing mechanisms
What can we learn about national medicines pricing and procurement?
Led by Janssen UK
Day One, Pop-up University 3, 16.00
The Presentation will take the reader through various ethical issues in biomedical research. It covers topics like The Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, Declaration of Geneva, selected code and regulations that guide research with human subjects, etc.
Effective pharmaceutical product management through health economics outcomes performance measurements.
Health Economics Outcomes Research - HEOR - has a widening role in accountable care and improved healthcare delivery results.
www.healthcaremedicalpharmaceuticaldirectory.com
John G. Baresky
https://www.linkedin.com/in/johngbaresky
#baresky
The Declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles and guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects. It was adopted by the World Medical Association (WMA) in 1964 and has been revised multiple times since then, with the most recent revision occurring in 2013.
The Declaration of Helsinki outlines several key principles and considerations for researchers and physicians involved in human research, with a focus on protecting the rights, safety, and well-being of research participants. Some of the core principles and points covered in the Declaration of Helsinki include:
Informed Consent: Research participants must provide voluntary, informed, and written consent to participate in a study. They should be fully informed about the nature of the research, its purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives.
Beneficence and Non-Maleficence: Researchers should aim to maximize the benefits of research while minimizing harm to participants. The well-being of the research subjects should be the primary concern.
Research Ethics Committee Review: All research involving human subjects should undergo ethical review by an independent committee. This review ensures that the study meets ethical and scientific standards.
Scientific Validity and Ethical Conduct: Research should be scientifically rigorous and designed to answer important questions. Researchers must conduct their work with integrity and honesty.
Privacy and Confidentiality: Participants' privacy should be protected, and their data should be kept confidential. Personal information should not be disclosed without informed consent.
Equitable Distribution of Benefits and Burdens: Research should benefit society, and the selection of research subjects should be fair, without exploitation or discrimination.
Continuing Review: Ethical review of research should continue throughout the duration of the study, with particular attention to any new information that may affect the research's ethical considerations.
Access to Medical Care: Participants should have access to medical care and treatment, and they should be compensated for any injuries resulting from their participation in research.
Concept of Economic Evaluation in Health CarePrabesh Ghimire
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
Global HTA and pricing mechanisms
What can we learn about national medicines pricing and procurement?
Led by Janssen UK
Day One, Pop-up University 3, 16.00
The Presentation will take the reader through various ethical issues in biomedical research. It covers topics like The Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, Declaration of Geneva, selected code and regulations that guide research with human subjects, etc.
Effective pharmaceutical product management through health economics outcomes performance measurements.
Health Economics Outcomes Research - HEOR - has a widening role in accountable care and improved healthcare delivery results.
www.healthcaremedicalpharmaceuticaldirectory.com
John G. Baresky
https://www.linkedin.com/in/johngbaresky
#baresky
The Declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles and guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects. It was adopted by the World Medical Association (WMA) in 1964 and has been revised multiple times since then, with the most recent revision occurring in 2013.
The Declaration of Helsinki outlines several key principles and considerations for researchers and physicians involved in human research, with a focus on protecting the rights, safety, and well-being of research participants. Some of the core principles and points covered in the Declaration of Helsinki include:
Informed Consent: Research participants must provide voluntary, informed, and written consent to participate in a study. They should be fully informed about the nature of the research, its purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives.
Beneficence and Non-Maleficence: Researchers should aim to maximize the benefits of research while minimizing harm to participants. The well-being of the research subjects should be the primary concern.
Research Ethics Committee Review: All research involving human subjects should undergo ethical review by an independent committee. This review ensures that the study meets ethical and scientific standards.
Scientific Validity and Ethical Conduct: Research should be scientifically rigorous and designed to answer important questions. Researchers must conduct their work with integrity and honesty.
Privacy and Confidentiality: Participants' privacy should be protected, and their data should be kept confidential. Personal information should not be disclosed without informed consent.
Equitable Distribution of Benefits and Burdens: Research should benefit society, and the selection of research subjects should be fair, without exploitation or discrimination.
Continuing Review: Ethical review of research should continue throughout the duration of the study, with particular attention to any new information that may affect the research's ethical considerations.
Access to Medical Care: Participants should have access to medical care and treatment, and they should be compensated for any injuries resulting from their participation in research.
Innovative Healthcare Solutions: Enhancing Quality of Care for AllDragon Dream Bar
In the dynamic landscape of healthcare, the pursuit of innovative solutions is paramount to improving patient outcomes, enhancing efficiency, and reducing costs. “Healthcare Solutions” encompass a broad range of technologies, strategies, and practices aimed at addressing the diverse needs of patients, providers, and healthcare organizations. This comprehensive overview explores the evolving field of healthcare solutions and its transformative impact on the delivery of care.
How to use the EUnetHTA submission template to support production of core Hea...EUnetHTA
How to use the EUnetHTA submission template to support production of core Health Technology Assessments? Zoe Garrett, NICE
Presentation from the 3rd face to face training course for EUnetHTA Stakeholders organised by EUnetHTA JA2 WP2; April 23rd, 2015, Brussels.
The 2023 Digital Health Barometer_compressed.pdfJordiCarreras13
Data interoperability requires the adoption and
implementation of common and (ideally) open
standards. Lack of interoperability limits the
re-use of data between healthcare organisations
within a country and across borders. The rise of
cloud platforms and mobile technology further
complicates the data environment. “Data gets
captured and it is quite complex and hard to
share,” says David Hansen, CEO of the Australian
e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO. “When shared,
it is often not computable. Human intervention
is needed to do analytics and this is really
expensive.”
All countries except Spain achieve the highest
score on this indicator, demonstrating that
digital health and health information industrybased
technical standards for data exchange,
transmission, messaging, security, privacy and
hardware are in use in the majority of applications
and systems to ensure the availability of highquality
data.
Digital health literacy and internet connectivity
are ‘super’ social determinants of health, as
they have the power to affect the wider social
determinants of health.17 Although the use of
digital tools – such as apps, patient portals, and
monitoring devices – provides better support
beyond clinical settings, greater reliance on them
can increase the disparity between people with
digital access and skills and those without, and (by
extension) health disparities.18 “One of the major
concerns globally in digital health has been tech
equity,” says Majmudar. “The digital divide could
worsen. You need access to the internet, tools
and resources. Every country should focus on
connectivity, including the US. Can people afford
the data plans they need to access telemedicine
and remote care? Do we have connectivity in
every area, urban or rural?”
Drug development and treatment strategies may go hand in hand.EUPATI
How early in the development of a new medicine should the discussion between researchers and patients occur? Can such early strategic interaction really maximize the value of the outcome? In this EUPATI webinar, a pharmaceutical industry researcher and a patient expert will present two cases describing the research questions, their interaction and the outcome of this early collaboration. Join us in listening and discussing two very interesting experiences of successful patient involvement in the development of new medicines.
EUPATI guidances for interaction between Patient organisations and other stak...EUPATI
David Haerry
Increasing patient involvment
EUPATI guidances for interaction between Patient organisations and other stakeholders in medicines development
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
1. Health Technology Assessment
(www.eunethta.net)
HTA is a multidisciplinary process that summarises
information about the
medical, social, economic and ethical issues
related to use of a health technology* in a
systematic, transparent, unbiased, robust manner
It aims to inform policy at national, regional or
hospital level
*any health intervention: screening , vaccines, diagnostics,
medicines, devices, education, rehabilitation…. 1
2. HTA decisions
• The main purpose of HTA is to inform health
care policy makers about reimbursement/use of
health technologies
Is it providing added value (for money) compared to
what we have currently available?
Which patients will benefit most from it?
• Assessments use international scientific
evidence about the new technology and the
current standard of care in the local setting to
predict the added value of the new technology in
the local healthcare context
2
3. European network for HTA (EUnetHTA)
HTA Core Model
1. Health problem
2. Technical description of technology
3. Safety
4. Clinical Effectiveness
5. Costs and economic evaluation
6. Ethical analysis
7. Organisational aspects
8. Social aspects
9. Legal aspects 3
