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Comparison of ground water quality between CEPZ industrial area and Hathazari...IOSRJAC
This document compares the groundwater quality between an industrial area (CEPZ) and non-industrial area (Hathazari) in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from both areas and analyzed for physical, chemical, and trace metal parameters. The results showed that most parameters in the industrial area exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, indicating poorer water quality, likely due to pollution from industrial discharges. In contrast, the non-industrial area water quality generally met WHO standards. The study concludes the groundwater in the industrial area requires treatment before use due to contamination from local industries.
POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SOIL AND AIR HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION I...IAEME Publication
The document presents the results of an environmental risk assessment for soil and air contamination by heavy metals in Baghdad, Iraq. Heavy metal concentrations were collected from previous studies of soil in residential, industrial, and commercial areas, and of air in residential and industrial areas. Potential health risks from exposure were calculated based on ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation intake. Risks were highest for individual elements in both adults and children. Cumulative risk indices showed adults and children faced chronic health risks from exposure. The study aimed to assess health risks from heavy metals in Baghdad soil and air to compare to risks in other areas and identify risk-based remediation needs.
Protocol For Enviromental Epi Study,s Roychoudhury, 21.12.2013ECRD IN
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Human Health Risk Assessment of Industry Derived Heavy Metals Exposure to Com...Premier Publishers
In this study, heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu) concentrations in soil within the vicinity of six diferent industries (International Textile, Chikki holdent Industries, Pz Cusson, 7up bottling company, Clay Industries and Chemstar industry) in Lagos State were used to investigate their influence on human health risk through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure pathways. The result revealed that the extent of human health risk varied with exposure pathways, Metal species and industry type. The Hazard Quotient derived from the inhalation are much higher than the US environmental protection agency guide lines value. The values of health index for various heavy metals and the multiple exposure pathway for all the industries were higher than the thresh value of 1. The ingestion pathway, which account for 65.41% and 97.18% health index for adult and children respectively was the dominant exposure route for all the metals to local residents. The cancer risk index falls within the acceptable limit with the exception of Cd for adult as well as Pb for both adult and children through inhalation. The dermal exposure pathway which account for 99.9% total cancer risk index for both adult and children was the dominant exposure route. The range of cancer risk was calculated and the results showed higher risk than an acceptable value of US environmental protection agency (1E-06 – 1E-04) indicating some concern about building houses, markets and farms near the industries.
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Health Effects- Unconventional Natural Gas Development and Production (“FRACK...Tiffany Blackden
Ann Bristow shared this science based presentation on fracking in Maryland at the Garrett County Commissioner's Meeting on March 17, 2015. Fracking in Garrett County is restricted until October, 2017, when the moratorium is lifted, and the state will permit fracking. Now is the time to get involved and alert law makers to the fact that the risks are immense, and we are NOT willing to be collateral damage.
Comparison of ground water quality between CEPZ industrial area and Hathazari...IOSRJAC
This document compares the groundwater quality between an industrial area (CEPZ) and non-industrial area (Hathazari) in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from both areas and analyzed for physical, chemical, and trace metal parameters. The results showed that most parameters in the industrial area exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, indicating poorer water quality, likely due to pollution from industrial discharges. In contrast, the non-industrial area water quality generally met WHO standards. The study concludes the groundwater in the industrial area requires treatment before use due to contamination from local industries.
POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SOIL AND AIR HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION I...IAEME Publication
The document presents the results of an environmental risk assessment for soil and air contamination by heavy metals in Baghdad, Iraq. Heavy metal concentrations were collected from previous studies of soil in residential, industrial, and commercial areas, and of air in residential and industrial areas. Potential health risks from exposure were calculated based on ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation intake. Risks were highest for individual elements in both adults and children. Cumulative risk indices showed adults and children faced chronic health risks from exposure. The study aimed to assess health risks from heavy metals in Baghdad soil and air to compare to risks in other areas and identify risk-based remediation needs.
Protocol For Enviromental Epi Study,s Roychoudhury, 21.12.2013ECRD IN
This document outlines a protocol for epidemiological studies to analyze the health effects of air pollution. It describes selecting study sites based on air quality trends and lists schools in Delhi that were selected for a study on the impact of air pollution on children. The protocol involves a questionnaire survey and clinical checkups to investigate respiratory and neurological symptoms and collect biological samples. One study found higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Delhi residents compared to rural controls, indicating an underlying disease process from air pollution exposure.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Industry Derived Heavy Metals Exposure to Com...Premier Publishers
In this study, heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu) concentrations in soil within the vicinity of six diferent industries (International Textile, Chikki holdent Industries, Pz Cusson, 7up bottling company, Clay Industries and Chemstar industry) in Lagos State were used to investigate their influence on human health risk through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure pathways. The result revealed that the extent of human health risk varied with exposure pathways, Metal species and industry type. The Hazard Quotient derived from the inhalation are much higher than the US environmental protection agency guide lines value. The values of health index for various heavy metals and the multiple exposure pathway for all the industries were higher than the thresh value of 1. The ingestion pathway, which account for 65.41% and 97.18% health index for adult and children respectively was the dominant exposure route for all the metals to local residents. The cancer risk index falls within the acceptable limit with the exception of Cd for adult as well as Pb for both adult and children through inhalation. The dermal exposure pathway which account for 99.9% total cancer risk index for both adult and children was the dominant exposure route. The range of cancer risk was calculated and the results showed higher risk than an acceptable value of US environmental protection agency (1E-06 – 1E-04) indicating some concern about building houses, markets and farms near the industries.
This document discusses diesel emissions and their health effects. It summarizes recent studies that found strong evidence of a link between diesel exhaust exposure and increased lung cancer risk among miners and truck drivers. Even relatively low exposures of 0.1 mg/m3 per year for 10 years were found to more than double lung cancer risk. The document also outlines strategies for measuring and controlling diesel particulate matter exposure to protect worker health.
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Ann Bristow shared this science based presentation on fracking in Maryland at the Garrett County Commissioner's Meeting on March 17, 2015. Fracking in Garrett County is restricted until October, 2017, when the moratorium is lifted, and the state will permit fracking. Now is the time to get involved and alert law makers to the fact that the risks are immense, and we are NOT willing to be collateral damage.
The document presents the results of an environmental risk assessment for soil and air contamination by heavy metals in Baghdad, Iraq. Heavy metal concentrations were collected from previous studies of soil in residential, industrial, and commercial areas, and of air in residential and industrial areas. Risk of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects through ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation were calculated using EPA models. The risk assessment found the highest risks were for individual heavy metals in both adults and children. The cumulative risk index showed adults and children faced serious chronic health risks from contamination.
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Hazard identification and risk assessment were carried out in different department of the brakes India manufacturing plant. Risk has been calculated by the risk table range between 1 to 25 were consequence and frequency of occurrence rating between 1 to 5. This study was aimed to identify the potential hazards that might may cause accident and risk to the workers in the workplace so that preventive action should be encounter to minimize such unpleasant accidents and events. Different control measures were submitted has a report to the Brakes India Pvt Ltd to reduce the chances of unexpected events and maintain safe workplace. The use of the HIRA technique is found very fit to be applicable in the manufacturing process in Brakes India Pvt Ltd. In addition to that, it may also be applied to other manufacturing process. Kumaravel A | Dr. Muthukumar K "Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Automobile Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30436.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/30436/hazard-identification-and-risk-assessment-in-automobile-industry/kumaravel-a
Risk Assessment of Human Health by Heavy Metals Exposure to Communities along...Premier Publishers
In this study, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni) concentrations were determined in soil samples taken from Pilafu, Shiwa, Fadama-rake and Damdrai along Hong major road using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The determined concentrations were used to investigate their influence on human health risk through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure path ways. The result revealed that the extent of human health risk varied with exposure path ways, Metal species and sample area. The target hazard quotient for all the elements through each exposure path way were observed to be >1, except Zn in ingestion for adults and in dermal for children and also Cu for children in dermal. However, the health index values for adults were observed to be much higher than the children for THQinh and THQdermal. But for THQing the HI values for children were observed to be higher than the adults. While in inhalation exposure path way all the cancer risk index values were observed to be higher in adults than in children except Ni which is higher in children than in adults. The combine effect for each exposure path way shows high possibility of carcinogenic risk by inhalation route. Indicating some concern about the expansion of unregulated settlements along heavy traffic highways.
Assessment of environmental impact of manufacturing steel consideringamaniaaa
The document discusses the endpoint approach to life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), which focuses on actual damage to receptors rather than just potential impacts. It presents a case study comparing LCIA results for manufacturing stainless steel and carbon steel sheets using damage functions that estimate impacts to human health. The key impacts considered are increased thermal stress, malaria incidence, respiratory disorders, and cancer risk from emissions of 10 substances involved in steel production. The study aims to demonstrate the endpoint approach can reduce subjective judgments in LCIA compared to midpoint approaches.
Physicochemical Analysis, Heavy Metals Contaminants and Health Risks Assessme...PriyankaKilaniya
The increasing exposure of humans to Harmattan dust is becoming a growing concern, especially in Northern Nigeria. This study aimed to identify the heavy metal contaminants, assess the associated health risks, and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the Harmattan dust. During the sample collection period, which took place from December 2023 to February 2024, Harmattan dust samples were collected from 20 different locations, 4.5 cm above the ground, using cleaned Petri dishes. The composite samples from each month were analyzed using standard analytical techniques and AAS to examine the physicochemical properties and heavy metal contamination, respectively. The results of the physicochemical examination, which included pH, organic matter, organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and moisture content, showed a significant difference (p ≥ 0.05), using statistical tools. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals such as pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cr among the samples collected in December, January, and February. The concentration of pb and Ni was high in December and January, at 78 mg/kg and 73 mg/kg, respectively, while Ni was at 108 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg for December and January, respectively. The health risk assessment, using the model developed by EPA for children and adults, showed that Cu, Ni, and pb had a hazard index of 1.305, 1.098, and 1.205, and 1.050, respectively. Therefore, Cu and Ni pose health risks for children, while pb poses health risks for both children and adults. Protective measures, such as face masks, during the Harmattan period may help protect people from direct exposure to these heavy metals.
The current investigation presents the role of gooseberry (Phyllanthus acidus) seeds as an effective biosorbent for remediating chromium (VI)), a toxic heavy metal pollutant commonly found in effluents from tanneries and relevant industries. Biosorption was affected by pH, temperature and initial metal concentration. Furthermore, there is a need to understand the holistic effect of all variables to ascertain the best possible conditions for adsorption, therefore, these factors were considered and a total of 17 trials were run according to the Box Behnken design. Quadratic model had maximum R2 value (0.9984) and larger F value (1109.92). From the Analysis Of Variance table and R2 value, quadratic model was predicted to be the significant model with the best fit to the generated experimental data. The optimal parameters obtained from the contour plot for the maximum removal of chromium(VI) were initial metal concentration of 60 mg/L, pH value of 2, and temperature of 27°C. Under these conditions, maximum removal of 92% was obtained. Thus this biosorbent substantially eliminates chromium(VI) under optimized conditions, enabling its use in larger scale.
1) Silver nanoparticles are intentionally produced engineered nanomaterials that are being used in many consumer products due to their antibacterial properties. However, there is concern about their potential impacts on human health and the environment.
2) The project aimed to develop methods to detect silver nanoparticles in water, determine their toxicological effects in aquatic environments, and develop risk assessment protocols.
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Heavy metal-contamination-in-solid-aerosols-and-top-soils-of-faisalabad-envio...Ijcem Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing heavy metal contamination in solid aerosols and top soils in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyze samples of solid aerosols and soils from 50 sites for levels of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. The study found elevated levels of cadmium and lead in solid aerosols, and all four metals in soils, with concentrations highest in industrial and commercial areas. Statistical analysis showed significant variability between sites. The authors conclude that various industries are contributing heavy metals to the local environment and negatively impacting human health.
This document discusses the high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in India and the link between air pollution and increased risk of CVD. It provides the following key points:
1. CVD is the leading cause of death in India, with rates higher than global averages. Major CVDs include IHD, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension.
2. Risk factors for CVD like hypertension and diabetes are rising dramatically in India and projected to affect hundreds of millions by 2030.
3. Existing evidence suggests air pollution likely increases the risk of CVD and its risk factors through mechanisms like endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and increased blood pressure.
4. Research aims to better characterize the associations between long-term air
This document discusses air pollution and its impacts on health. It notes that air pollution is one of the world's leading health risks, causing over 5.5 million premature deaths annually from diseases like lung cancer, heart disease, and COPD. In India, major sources of air pollution include coal burning, industry, vehicles, construction, and biomass burning. High levels of particulate matter and ground-level ozone are used to measure and quantify air pollution exposure and related health effects. The document also mentions that data is being collected from 4 hospitals in Dhanbad, India as part of a National Environmental Health Profile study to understand the effects of air pollution.
ORIGINAL PAPERRisk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals .docxgerardkortney
ORIGINAL PAPER
Risk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals exposure
in Baotou, a typical industrial city in northern China
Kexin Li . Tao Liang . Lingqing Wang
Received: 11 March 2015 / Accepted: 1 September 2015 / Published online: 8 September 2015
! Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
Abstract Industrial activities have led to serious air
pollution and the potentially toxic elements in atmo-
spheric particles can cause various health problems to
humans. In this study, inhalable particulate matter
(PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) were collected from
four typical sites in Baotou, an industrial city in
northern China. We investigated both the mass
concentrations of particulate matter and the concen-
trations of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co,
and Zn) in the collected samples. We assessed the
public health risks associated with atmospheric heavy
metal exposure. The results showed that the mass
concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 as well as these
heavy metal concentrations varied notably influenced
by the prevailing wind directions. Among the studied
metals, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cr were the main metal
pollutants in both PM10 and PM2.5. The results of the
health assessment showed that the eight heavy metals
studied pose significant non-carcinogenic risks and Cr,
Cd, and Co pose lifetime lung cancer risks to local
residents, especially to children.
Keywords PM10 ! PM2.5 ! Heavy metals !
Health risk ! Baotou
Introduction
Mining activities are notorious for adverse environ-
mental impacts, including pollution, habitat loss, soil
erosion, and geological disasters (Salomons 1995;
Klukanová and Rapant 1999; Aguilar et al. 2004; Luı́s
et al. 2011). Among these environmental problems
caused by mining activities, the production and
dispersion of atmospheric particles has become a
great concern in recent years (Kaonga and Kgabi
2011; Chen et al. 2013; Serbula et al. 2014). Atmo-
spheric particulates are generated from numerous
sources, both natural and anthropogenic, but in areas
near mining, mining operations are considered the
largest contributor. The processes of mining, such as
crushing, grinding, excavating, smelting, and refining,
can produce large quantities of particulate matter
(PM), containing dangerously high levels of heavy
metals (Csavina et al. 2012).
Inhalable particulate matter (PM10), particularly
fine particles (PM2.5), have been shown to cause
adverse effects on human health, including asthma,
lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (Pope et al.
2002; Sanchez et al. 2009). Lung and other organ
injuries from atmospheric heavy metal exposure have
also been well-documented (Espinosa et al. 2001;
Cancio et al. 2008; Leili et al. 2008).
K. Li ! T. Liang (&) ! L. Wang (&)
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,
China
e-mail: [email protected]
L. Wang
e-mail: [email p.
Effect of Air Quality in vicinity of Stone crusher: A case study in Billaua G...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of air quality near stone crushing units in Billaua, Gwalior, India. 47 stone crushing units were operating in close proximity. 8 ambient air quality monitoring stations were set up to measure particulate matter (PM10) concentrations. PM10 levels near crushers ranged from 313-784 μg/m3, exceeding national standards. Nearby residential areas also experienced elevated PM10 levels. A health survey found high rates of respiratory, skin and hearing problems among workers. The document concludes that stone crushing dust poses significant health risks and recommendations are made to improve safety compliance and monitoring.
Anthropogenic activities involving risks of adverse impacts on mental health ...Ranveer Singh Mahwar
The impact of some of the environmental contaminants on mental health specially in children and elders are well established and documented. The most studied environmental contaminants in this context are lead, mercury and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It is also observed that the adverse impacts of environmental contaminants on stress related ailments get attention of the patients only after their having gone through the non stress related consultations/treatments for the symptoms with no recovery. The lack of awareness in regard to the primary sources concerning the adverse impacts on the brain’s functioning often deprives or delays treatments of stress related ailments. In –fact the gap between the availability of the information on the actual environmental exposure sources and taking of decisions on the mental health care is expected to be larger in developing countries like India which have extensive industrial and other anthropogenic activities involving toxic contaminants.
India has a large number of metallic waste recycling activities including the used lead-acid batteries and electronic waste processing industries. The risk of exposure to mercury cover a very wide band of activities ranging from use of mercury containing lamps, button cells, cosmetics, pesticides, dental amalgams, thermometers, sphygmomanometers to mercury emissions from coal power plants, metallurgical industries and waste incinerators. The concern for the proper management of Mercury has already got the attention to the extent that an international convention called “Minamata Convention on Mercury” has come into force with effect from the August 16, 2017. The risks of exposure to carcinogenic pollutants like PCBs also cover almost all activities involving combustion of wastes containing halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. There are 28 POPs indentified under the Stockholm Convention as of June 2017.
The anthropogenic activities involving lead, mercury, PCBs etc prevailing in the country have been reviewed and compiled and presented at the World Congress of Mental Health (World Federation for Mental health), November 2-5, 2017 held at New Delhi.
The document provides information about the 7th International Conference on Envirotech, Cleantech and Greentech that was held from November 10-11, 2016 in Singapore. It lists the conference venue as Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Executive Centre. It provides details of two plenary speakers and one keynote speaker at the conference. The document also includes an abstract for an environmental degradation paper presented at the conference.
Evaluation of Haematological, Hepatic and Renal Function of Auto Drivers in T...IOSRJPBS
Background: Episodes of severe air pollution in Asia have been reported in the scientific literature of recent times. The WHO 2005 report Health effects of transport-related air pollution provides the first comprehensive assessment of air pollution related to road transport and of the risks it presents to human health. Environmental pollution has many facets, and the resultant health risks include diseases in almost all organ systems. In this respect, auto rickshaw drivers are at risk, since they are continuously exposed to emissions from vehicles, due to the nature of their job. In view of this, this study is undertaken. Aim And Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the haematological, renal and liver functions of auto drivers in Tirunelveli city and compare it with age and socio demographically matched controls. Materials And Methods: Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty five auto drivers and twenty five controls were investigated for haematological, renal and liver functions. Results: Red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and Haematocrit level were significantly lower in auto drivers than the control group. Liver enzymes and renal functions showed statistically non significant difference between both groups except for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) which was significantly higher in auto drivers. Conclusion: Work exposure to petroleum products inhalation has health implications as seen by the haematological, and liver function changes. Such group of workers need to be sensitized about the hazards of exposure, appropriate preventive strategies and periodic medical examination.
This study summarizes a population-based study conducted approximately 20 years after a TCDD exposure accident in Seveso, Italy to evaluate long-term effects on immune and dioxin response biomarkers. The study randomly selected 121 subjects from the most exposed zones and a non-exposed area, measuring their plasma TCDD levels and markers of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Plasma TCDD levels ranged from background to 90 ng/kg and were associated with decreased plasma IgG concentrations and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor mRNA levels in lymphocytes. When lymphocytes were cultured with TCDD, genes in the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor pathway were induced, and plasma TCDD associated with decreased enzyme activity. The findings suggest long
This document summarizes a study that assessed health risks from occupational exposure to chemicals at a petrochemical industry complex in Iran. The study evaluated risks through a semi-quantitative analysis of 27 chemicals across four units. It also examined spirometry indices in employees. The results found that Raffinate in the Butadiene unit posed the highest risk. Spirometry measures like FVC and FEV1 were negatively correlated with age and work experience, indicating reduced pulmonary function in older and longer-tenured employees. Overall, 48.1% of chemicals posed low risk, 29.6% medium risk, 18.5% high risk, and 3.7% very high risk. The study concluded that variables like age
Assessing The Toxicity Of Pv Coated Magnetite NanoparticlesRenee Wardowski
The document discusses assessing the toxicity of PV-coated magnetite nanoparticles and oil to marine copepods. It introduces the problem of oil spills damaging aquatic ecosystems and limitations of current cleanup methods. It then discusses how nanomaterials like iron oxide have been tested for oil separation with good effect but that further research is needed on applicability, feasibility, costs and scale-up. The document concludes that no studies have assessed the environmental toxicity of such nanoparticles.
This document presents the results of a study on heavy metal concentrations in various foodstuffs from markets in Pakistan and the associated human health risks. The study found that concentrations of chromium, nickel, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead in some fruit, vegetable and cereal samples exceeded permissible limits. A health risk assessment revealed that arsenic concentrations in rice samples from Begumai posed a potential health risk to both adults and children in the region, with a health risk index greater than 1. The document concludes there is a need for improved agricultural practices and food monitoring to reduce heavy metal contamination and potential health impacts.
This document summarizes a health impact assessment of air quality and greenhouse gases/climate change for six Latino communities in San Jose, California. It finds that these communities experience higher levels of air pollution and associated health risks like cancer and respiratory illness due to proximity to stationary sources, highways, and vehicle traffic. Climate change is also expected to exacerbate air quality issues and increase heat-related illnesses in these vulnerable neighborhoods. The document recommends measures to reduce pollution exposure, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental health inequities through the county general plan and environmental review process.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
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In this study, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni) concentrations were determined in soil samples taken from Pilafu, Shiwa, Fadama-rake and Damdrai along Hong major road using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The determined concentrations were used to investigate their influence on human health risk through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure path ways. The result revealed that the extent of human health risk varied with exposure path ways, Metal species and sample area. The target hazard quotient for all the elements through each exposure path way were observed to be >1, except Zn in ingestion for adults and in dermal for children and also Cu for children in dermal. However, the health index values for adults were observed to be much higher than the children for THQinh and THQdermal. But for THQing the HI values for children were observed to be higher than the adults. While in inhalation exposure path way all the cancer risk index values were observed to be higher in adults than in children except Ni which is higher in children than in adults. The combine effect for each exposure path way shows high possibility of carcinogenic risk by inhalation route. Indicating some concern about the expansion of unregulated settlements along heavy traffic highways.
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The increasing exposure of humans to Harmattan dust is becoming a growing concern, especially in Northern Nigeria. This study aimed to identify the heavy metal contaminants, assess the associated health risks, and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the Harmattan dust. During the sample collection period, which took place from December 2023 to February 2024, Harmattan dust samples were collected from 20 different locations, 4.5 cm above the ground, using cleaned Petri dishes. The composite samples from each month were analyzed using standard analytical techniques and AAS to examine the physicochemical properties and heavy metal contamination, respectively. The results of the physicochemical examination, which included pH, organic matter, organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and moisture content, showed a significant difference (p ≥ 0.05), using statistical tools. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals such as pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cr among the samples collected in December, January, and February. The concentration of pb and Ni was high in December and January, at 78 mg/kg and 73 mg/kg, respectively, while Ni was at 108 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg for December and January, respectively. The health risk assessment, using the model developed by EPA for children and adults, showed that Cu, Ni, and pb had a hazard index of 1.305, 1.098, and 1.205, and 1.050, respectively. Therefore, Cu and Ni pose health risks for children, while pb poses health risks for both children and adults. Protective measures, such as face masks, during the Harmattan period may help protect people from direct exposure to these heavy metals.
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1) Silver nanoparticles are intentionally produced engineered nanomaterials that are being used in many consumer products due to their antibacterial properties. However, there is concern about their potential impacts on human health and the environment.
2) The project aimed to develop methods to detect silver nanoparticles in water, determine their toxicological effects in aquatic environments, and develop risk assessment protocols.
3) Key findings included that activated charcoal can effectively capture silver nanoparticles from water, effects were observed on aquatic organisms in toxicity tests, and current models estimate low environmental concentrations pose low risks to human health through drinking water. However, more studies are needed to monitor silver nanoparticles in Ireland's environment and risks.
Heavy metal-contamination-in-solid-aerosols-and-top-soils-of-faisalabad-envio...Ijcem Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing heavy metal contamination in solid aerosols and top soils in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyze samples of solid aerosols and soils from 50 sites for levels of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. The study found elevated levels of cadmium and lead in solid aerosols, and all four metals in soils, with concentrations highest in industrial and commercial areas. Statistical analysis showed significant variability between sites. The authors conclude that various industries are contributing heavy metals to the local environment and negatively impacting human health.
This document discusses the high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in India and the link between air pollution and increased risk of CVD. It provides the following key points:
1. CVD is the leading cause of death in India, with rates higher than global averages. Major CVDs include IHD, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension.
2. Risk factors for CVD like hypertension and diabetes are rising dramatically in India and projected to affect hundreds of millions by 2030.
3. Existing evidence suggests air pollution likely increases the risk of CVD and its risk factors through mechanisms like endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and increased blood pressure.
4. Research aims to better characterize the associations between long-term air
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ORIGINAL PAPERRisk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals .docxgerardkortney
ORIGINAL PAPER
Risk assessment of atmospheric heavy metals exposure
in Baotou, a typical industrial city in northern China
Kexin Li . Tao Liang . Lingqing Wang
Received: 11 March 2015 / Accepted: 1 September 2015 / Published online: 8 September 2015
! Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
Abstract Industrial activities have led to serious air
pollution and the potentially toxic elements in atmo-
spheric particles can cause various health problems to
humans. In this study, inhalable particulate matter
(PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) were collected from
four typical sites in Baotou, an industrial city in
northern China. We investigated both the mass
concentrations of particulate matter and the concen-
trations of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co,
and Zn) in the collected samples. We assessed the
public health risks associated with atmospheric heavy
metal exposure. The results showed that the mass
concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 as well as these
heavy metal concentrations varied notably influenced
by the prevailing wind directions. Among the studied
metals, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cr were the main metal
pollutants in both PM10 and PM2.5. The results of the
health assessment showed that the eight heavy metals
studied pose significant non-carcinogenic risks and Cr,
Cd, and Co pose lifetime lung cancer risks to local
residents, especially to children.
Keywords PM10 ! PM2.5 ! Heavy metals !
Health risk ! Baotou
Introduction
Mining activities are notorious for adverse environ-
mental impacts, including pollution, habitat loss, soil
erosion, and geological disasters (Salomons 1995;
Klukanová and Rapant 1999; Aguilar et al. 2004; Luı́s
et al. 2011). Among these environmental problems
caused by mining activities, the production and
dispersion of atmospheric particles has become a
great concern in recent years (Kaonga and Kgabi
2011; Chen et al. 2013; Serbula et al. 2014). Atmo-
spheric particulates are generated from numerous
sources, both natural and anthropogenic, but in areas
near mining, mining operations are considered the
largest contributor. The processes of mining, such as
crushing, grinding, excavating, smelting, and refining,
can produce large quantities of particulate matter
(PM), containing dangerously high levels of heavy
metals (Csavina et al. 2012).
Inhalable particulate matter (PM10), particularly
fine particles (PM2.5), have been shown to cause
adverse effects on human health, including asthma,
lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (Pope et al.
2002; Sanchez et al. 2009). Lung and other organ
injuries from atmospheric heavy metal exposure have
also been well-documented (Espinosa et al. 2001;
Cancio et al. 2008; Leili et al. 2008).
K. Li ! T. Liang (&) ! L. Wang (&)
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,
China
e-mail: [email protected]
L. Wang
e-mail: [email p.
Effect of Air Quality in vicinity of Stone crusher: A case study in Billaua G...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of air quality near stone crushing units in Billaua, Gwalior, India. 47 stone crushing units were operating in close proximity. 8 ambient air quality monitoring stations were set up to measure particulate matter (PM10) concentrations. PM10 levels near crushers ranged from 313-784 μg/m3, exceeding national standards. Nearby residential areas also experienced elevated PM10 levels. A health survey found high rates of respiratory, skin and hearing problems among workers. The document concludes that stone crushing dust poses significant health risks and recommendations are made to improve safety compliance and monitoring.
Anthropogenic activities involving risks of adverse impacts on mental health ...Ranveer Singh Mahwar
The impact of some of the environmental contaminants on mental health specially in children and elders are well established and documented. The most studied environmental contaminants in this context are lead, mercury and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It is also observed that the adverse impacts of environmental contaminants on stress related ailments get attention of the patients only after their having gone through the non stress related consultations/treatments for the symptoms with no recovery. The lack of awareness in regard to the primary sources concerning the adverse impacts on the brain’s functioning often deprives or delays treatments of stress related ailments. In –fact the gap between the availability of the information on the actual environmental exposure sources and taking of decisions on the mental health care is expected to be larger in developing countries like India which have extensive industrial and other anthropogenic activities involving toxic contaminants.
India has a large number of metallic waste recycling activities including the used lead-acid batteries and electronic waste processing industries. The risk of exposure to mercury cover a very wide band of activities ranging from use of mercury containing lamps, button cells, cosmetics, pesticides, dental amalgams, thermometers, sphygmomanometers to mercury emissions from coal power plants, metallurgical industries and waste incinerators. The concern for the proper management of Mercury has already got the attention to the extent that an international convention called “Minamata Convention on Mercury” has come into force with effect from the August 16, 2017. The risks of exposure to carcinogenic pollutants like PCBs also cover almost all activities involving combustion of wastes containing halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. There are 28 POPs indentified under the Stockholm Convention as of June 2017.
The anthropogenic activities involving lead, mercury, PCBs etc prevailing in the country have been reviewed and compiled and presented at the World Congress of Mental Health (World Federation for Mental health), November 2-5, 2017 held at New Delhi.
The document provides information about the 7th International Conference on Envirotech, Cleantech and Greentech that was held from November 10-11, 2016 in Singapore. It lists the conference venue as Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Executive Centre. It provides details of two plenary speakers and one keynote speaker at the conference. The document also includes an abstract for an environmental degradation paper presented at the conference.
Evaluation of Haematological, Hepatic and Renal Function of Auto Drivers in T...IOSRJPBS
Background: Episodes of severe air pollution in Asia have been reported in the scientific literature of recent times. The WHO 2005 report Health effects of transport-related air pollution provides the first comprehensive assessment of air pollution related to road transport and of the risks it presents to human health. Environmental pollution has many facets, and the resultant health risks include diseases in almost all organ systems. In this respect, auto rickshaw drivers are at risk, since they are continuously exposed to emissions from vehicles, due to the nature of their job. In view of this, this study is undertaken. Aim And Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the haematological, renal and liver functions of auto drivers in Tirunelveli city and compare it with age and socio demographically matched controls. Materials And Methods: Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty five auto drivers and twenty five controls were investigated for haematological, renal and liver functions. Results: Red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and Haematocrit level were significantly lower in auto drivers than the control group. Liver enzymes and renal functions showed statistically non significant difference between both groups except for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) which was significantly higher in auto drivers. Conclusion: Work exposure to petroleum products inhalation has health implications as seen by the haematological, and liver function changes. Such group of workers need to be sensitized about the hazards of exposure, appropriate preventive strategies and periodic medical examination.
This study summarizes a population-based study conducted approximately 20 years after a TCDD exposure accident in Seveso, Italy to evaluate long-term effects on immune and dioxin response biomarkers. The study randomly selected 121 subjects from the most exposed zones and a non-exposed area, measuring their plasma TCDD levels and markers of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Plasma TCDD levels ranged from background to 90 ng/kg and were associated with decreased plasma IgG concentrations and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor mRNA levels in lymphocytes. When lymphocytes were cultured with TCDD, genes in the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor pathway were induced, and plasma TCDD associated with decreased enzyme activity. The findings suggest long
This document summarizes a study that assessed health risks from occupational exposure to chemicals at a petrochemical industry complex in Iran. The study evaluated risks through a semi-quantitative analysis of 27 chemicals across four units. It also examined spirometry indices in employees. The results found that Raffinate in the Butadiene unit posed the highest risk. Spirometry measures like FVC and FEV1 were negatively correlated with age and work experience, indicating reduced pulmonary function in older and longer-tenured employees. Overall, 48.1% of chemicals posed low risk, 29.6% medium risk, 18.5% high risk, and 3.7% very high risk. The study concluded that variables like age
Assessing The Toxicity Of Pv Coated Magnetite NanoparticlesRenee Wardowski
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This document presents the results of a study on heavy metal concentrations in various foodstuffs from markets in Pakistan and the associated human health risks. The study found that concentrations of chromium, nickel, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead in some fruit, vegetable and cereal samples exceeded permissible limits. A health risk assessment revealed that arsenic concentrations in rice samples from Begumai posed a potential health risk to both adults and children in the region, with a health risk index greater than 1. The document concludes there is a need for improved agricultural practices and food monitoring to reduce heavy metal contamination and potential health impacts.
This document summarizes a health impact assessment of air quality and greenhouse gases/climate change for six Latino communities in San Jose, California. It finds that these communities experience higher levels of air pollution and associated health risks like cancer and respiratory illness due to proximity to stationary sources, highways, and vehicle traffic. Climate change is also expected to exacerbate air quality issues and increase heat-related illnesses in these vulnerable neighborhoods. The document recommends measures to reduce pollution exposure, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental health inequities through the county general plan and environmental review process.
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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case study of Rania Industrial Belt, Kanpur
1. The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 6 || Issue || 5 || Pages || PP 52-58 || 2017 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
DOI: 10.9790/1813-0605015258 www.theijes.com Page 52
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case
study of Rania Industrial Belt, Kanpur
V. P. Singh1
, R. K. Srivastava2
, Neeraj Chaudhary3
, Manish Jain4
Geotechnical Engineering, CED, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, India
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
This paper emphasizes on the Health Risk Assessment of heavy metal contaminated soil at Rania Industrial belt,
Kanpur Dehat, India. Study was conducted to determine the Hazard Index and Cancer risk for receptors (Child,
Adult and Industrial worker) through different pathways (Ingestion, Inhalation and Dermal contact) based on the
mean and maximum concentration of heavy metals in soils. Further this study also addresses Carcinogenic and
Non-Carcinogenic health risks due to exposure to heavy metal to each of the receptors. Study shows that
Ingestion is the dominant pathway of exposure to all the receptors for the health risk. The non-Carcinogenic risk
to the children at Rania industrial belt has been obtained as HI=1.40 and 4.97 based on the mean and maximum
concentration of heavy metals, respectively. The maximum Hazard Quotient was found for Pb (HQ = 0.55)
followed by Fe (HQ = 0.52) in the Non-Carcinogenic Risk assessment. The exposure of the children to the site
may cause various adverse health effects on them. Carcinogenic Risk due to Cr(VI) and Pb were found to be
more than 1x10-6
for all the considered receptor. Exposure to the site by any of the receptors can cause the
cancer risk. It was found that Non Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic risk for child is about 8.5 times more than
that for adult.
Key Words: Carcinogenic Risk, Dermal Contact, Ingestion, Inhalation, Non-Carcinogenic Risk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 23 February 2017 Date of Accepted: 20 May 2017
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Improper disposal of untreated industrial and municipal waste leads to the land contamination. Various types of
contaminants such as heavy metals, organic and inorganic compounds etc. are responsible for the contamination
of soil. Exposure to these contaminants may leads to carcinogenic and/or non carcinogenic health risks to
human. On exposure, receptor (Child, Adult or Industrial Worker) may receive the contaminants by any one or
more of the pathways (i.e., ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact). Since, health risk varies as per the age
group (child and adult) and exposure time (residential and industrial worker) hence it is essential to perform
health risk assessment for each receptor individually.
In India, around 537 mega sites with total area of about 175 million hectare has been identified as contaminated
due to industrial and municipal waste effluents (MoEF, 2014). Remediation of contaminated land is a new
research field in India. Hence only few researchers have reported their work in this field. Research on the
concentration, evaluation and speciation of heavy metal has been done for various sites all over the India, such
as Chhattisgarh (Patel et. al., 2006), Hyderabad (Govil et. al., 2008), Kanpur (Singh et. al., 2009; Rawat et. al.,
2009; Gowd et. al., 2010; Sinha et. al., 2006), Mumbai (Krishna and Govil, 2005), Mysore (Shivakumar et. al.,
2012), Patancheru (Govil et. al., 2001), Ranga Reddy (Dantu, 2007), Surat (Krishna and Govil, 2007), Tamil
Nadu (Dheeba and Sampathkumar, 2012) and Thane (Bhagure and Mirgane, 2011). But no study has been
reported regarding the aspects of health risk based site characterization.
The selected site, Rania, is one of the 537 identified contaminated sites located in Kanpur Dehat. Kanpur is well
known for its large number of small scale industries. During the process of leather manufacturing, several
chemicals are extensively used and therefore, the resultant effluent is rich in heavy metals such as chromium
and sodium salts (Gowd et al., 2010). This paper presents the health risk assessment of a heavy metal
contaminated site at Rania, Kanpur, India for three different receptors (i.e., child, adult and industrial worker) by
three exposure pathways (Inhalation, Ingestion and Dermal contact). Non carcinogenic Hazardous Quotient
(HQ) and carcinogenic risk was calculated for each heavy metal.
2. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case study of Rania Industrial Belt, ..
DOI: 10.9790/1813-0605015258 www.theijes.com Page 53
II. METHODOLOGY
Site Description and Sampling
Study site was Rania industrial belt (26N to 25 55’N latitude: 79‖ 30’E to 80‖E Longitude) located in Kanpur
Dehat, Uttar Pradesh, India. Source of the contamination at site was the disposal of effluent by nearby
industries. A total of twenty eight samples were collected from different locations at the site and tested in the
laboratory to find out the concentration of different heavy metals at each location. The samples were collected
from a depth of 0 to 15 cm with the help of plastic shovel, kept in plastic bags and carried to the laboratory. For
the collection of samples random approach was used. Figure 1 shows the location of site and sample collection
points.
Sample Analysis
All the samples were oven dried by keeping in a hot-air oven at 70-80o
C for 24 hrs. This temperature was used
to remove the moisture without thermal decomposition (Campbell and Plank, 1998). Dried samples were then
sieved through the 2mm size sieve and XRF analysis was done to calculate the concentration of each heavy
metal separately. It is increasingly acknowledged that chemical speciation of heavy metals plays an influential
role in governing the fate and ecological toxicity of contaminants (Sauve et. al., 1997).
Fig 1: Rania industrial belt site and sampling point’s descriptions
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Chronic Average Daily Demand (CADD) has been calculated by using the equations shown in table 1 and
factors used for obtaining the value of CADD are described in table 2. RfD values are shown in table 3. After
calculating the CADD for the entire exposure pathway, non-carcinogenic Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated
by dividing the CADD by reference dose (RfD).
3. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case study of Rania Industrial Belt, ..
DOI: 10.9790/1813-0605015258 www.theijes.com Page 54
Where, i = heavy metal and j = exposure pathway. Reference dose (RfD) is an estimation of maximum
permissible risk on human population through daily exposure taking into consideration sensitivity of group
during a lifetime (Du et al. 2013). HQ ≤ 1 indicates no adverse effect and HQ > 1 indicates adverse health
effects (USEPA 1986).
Minimum, mean and maximum concentrations of heavy metals present in soil samples (Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cu, Ni,
Pb, Zn, Fe) in mg/Kg as obtained by XRF is presented in table 4. These heavy metals above a certain
concentration may pose non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to human.
HI≤1 indicates no non-carcinogenic risk to the human health and HI>1 indicates non-carcinogenic risk to the
human health (USEPA 2001 (b)).
Cancer Risk
Cancer risk was determined by multiplying Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) with Cancer Slope Factor
(CSF). It indicates the probability of cancer to the exposed receptor during lifetime.
Cancer Risk = LADD x CSF
Cancer slope factor is shown in table 3. LADD was calculated using equations given in table 1 by replacing
Average Time (AT) by Lifetime (LT).
Total carcinogenic risk was calculated by the summation of risk induced by all the exposure pathways.
Total risk = Risking + Riskinh + Riskder
Risk ≥ 1 x 10-6
indicates carcinogenic risk to the receptor (USEPA 2005)
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Non-Carcinogenic Analysis:
As per mean concentration of heavy metals
Hazard index for adult and child is shown in table 4 and for industrial worker it is shown in table 5. Mean
concentration of heavy metals was found to be in the order: Fe > Cr(III) > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr(VI). The
values of HQ and HI are shown in table 4 and 5. Hazard index considering three exposure pathways (Ingestion,
Inhalation, Dermal ) of intake in the decreasing order is for (a) adults: Pb > Fe > Ni > Cr(VI) > Cu > Zn > Cr,
(b) Child: Pb > Fe > Ni > Cr(VI) > Cu > Zn >Cr, (c) Industrial Worker: Pb > Fe > Ni > Cr(VI) > Zn > Cr(III) >
Cu. For adult, non-carcinogenic Hazard Index for each present heavy metal was negligible as the maximum HI
of Pb was 0.0651, Hence it can be stated that no non- carcinogenic risk is associated with these heavy metal (Pb,
Fe, Ni, Cr(VI), Cu, Zn and Cr) to the adults. For Child HI for Pb and Fe was 0.575 and 0.55 respectively.
Children are more susceptible to non carcinogenic risk by Pb and Fe. Lead has serious consequences for the
health of children. At high levels of exposure, lead attacks the brain and central nervous system to cause coma,
convulsions and may even lead to death (WHO). Considerable Measures should be taken care to avoid the
contact with Pb for child. For the industrial worker, non-carcinogenic HI for individual heavy metal was also
insignificant.
Table 1: Equations for exposure of contaminant to human via ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact pathways
4. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case study of Rania Industrial Belt, ..
DOI: 10.9790/1813-0605015258 www.theijes.com Page 55
Table 2: Factors used for estimation of CADD for cancer and non-cancer risk
Table 3: Reference dose and cancer slope factor for the heavy metals for the different exposure pathway
HI order for the exposure pathways is as follows (a) Adults: Ingestion (0.1638) >Dermal (0.005818845)>
Inhalation (0.000048) (b) Child: Ingestion (1.4752)>Dermal (0.012845555)> Inhalation (0.000320572) (c)
Industrial Worker: Ingestion (0.163) > Inhalation (0.0029) > Dermal (0.000053281). Ingestion was found
dominant exposure pathway of exposure leading to health risk.
HI of this study was high for child (i.e., 1.4188). HI for Adult and Industrial worker was found to be nearly
same as 0.1638 and 0.163 respectively. HI value was more than 1 for child through Ingestion pathway. It shows
the non-carcinogenic health risk associated with the exposure of combination of present metals with the
concentration as specified in table 4 to child near to the site.
It is observed that non carcinogenic health risk to child is about 8.6 times more than adult and industrial worker.
As per maximum value of concentration
Maximum concentration of heavy metals was found in the order of Fe > Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr. Hazard
Index for child, adult and industrial worker was 5.2144, 0.5948 and 0.5941 respectively. It shows the severe
non-carcinogenic risk to child health as the value of HI for child exceeds 1. Pb has the highest HI among all the
heavy metals (i.e. 3.75 for child, 0.405 for adult and 0.417 for industrial worker). Non-Carcinogenic risk
associated to child, adult, and industrial worker as per the maximum concentration is 3.5034, 3.5038 and 3.5792
times higher than non-carcinogenic risk associated as per the mean concentration, respectively.
5. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case study of Rania Industrial Belt, ..
DOI: 10.9790/1813-0605015258 www.theijes.com Page 56
Table 4: Non-carcinogenic Hazard Index (HI) for adult and child for different exposure pathways
Table 5: Non-carcinogenic Hazard Index (HI) for Industrial worker for different exposure pathways
6. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case study of Rania Industrial Belt, ..
DOI: 10.9790/1813-0605015258 www.theijes.com Page 57
Table 6: Carcinogenic risk for adult and child for different exposure pathways
Table 7: Carcinogenic risk for adult and for different exposure pathways
Carcinogenic Risk Analysis
As per mean concentration of heavy metals
Heavy metals (Cr (VI), Pb) are liable to induce carcinogenic risk to human health. The carcinogenic risk study
for adult, child and industrial worker is shown in table 6 and 7. Carcinogenic risk from the exposure to Cr (VI)
and Pb, for child, adult and industrial worker was obtained 119 x 10-6
, 13.3 x 10-6
, and 13.9 x 10-6
respectively.
It shows the high cancer risk to the child. Carcinogenic risk to child was about 8.97 times more than that for
adult. For all the receptors risk through pathways is in the order of Risking > Riskder > Riskinh
Carcinogenic Risk for all the considered receptors exceeds the value of 1 x 10-6
. Hence the concentration shown
in table 6 can cause carcinogenic risk to all the receptors.
As per maximum concentration of heavy metals
For the maximum concentration, carcinogenic risk from the exposure to Cr(VI) and Pb, for child, adult and
industrial worker was calculated as 297.616 x 10-6
, 33.16 x 10-6
and 34.5 x 10-6
respectively. It shows the very
high carcinogenic risk to each receptor as it is a most conservative approach. Sustainable metals extraction
techniques should be employed to reduce the effect of exposure at the site.
IV. CONCLUSION
Heavy metal concentrations for the soil collected from Rania Industrial belt were analyzed in order to assess the
health risks to human. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessment for the heavy metals through
each of the exposure pathways (Ingestion, Inhalation, Dermal Absorption) for the receptors (Child, Adult,
Industrial worker) is presented in this study. It was observed that ingestion is the dominant pathway of exposure
to every receptor. Highest value of HQ=0.575 for Pb in child was obtained. More emphasis should be given to
the remediation of Pb as it may cause various health issues to child. Study shows non-carcinogenic risk
(HI=1.49, 5.21) was associated to child as per mean and maximum concentrations respectively. Based on high
concentration, severe non-carcinogenic risk was evaluated for the child at Rania industrial belt. Study shows that
carcinogenic risk existed for all receptors as the cancer risk exceeds the safe value of 1 x 10-6
. It was found that
non-carcinogenic health risk and carcinogenic risk for child was about 8.6 and 8.9 times more than adult and
industrial worker, respectively.
Heavy
Metal
Heavy Metal
Conc.
INDUSTRIAL WORKER
RiskINGESTION DERMAL INHALATION
LADD Risk LADD Risk LADD Risk
Cr(VI)
Min 12 1.91E-05 9.54E-06 3.67E-08 1.84E-08 2.34E-09 1.17E-09 9.56E-06
Max 28 4.45E-05 2.23E-05 8.57E-08 4.28E-08 5.46E-09 2.73E-09 2.23E-05
Mean 15 2.39E-05 1.19E-05 4.59E-08 2.30E-08 2.93E-09 1.46E-09 1.19E-05
Pb
Min 50 7.95E-05 6.76E-07 1.53E-07 1.30E-09 9.75E-09 8.29E-11 6.77E-07
Max 906 1.44E-03 1.22E-05 2.77E-06 2.36E-08 1.77E-07 1.50E-09 1.23E-05
Mean 146 2.32E-04 1.97E-06 4.47E-07 3.80E-09 2.85E-08 2.42E-10 1.98E-06
7. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Site: Case study of Rania Industrial Belt, ..
DOI: 10.9790/1813-0605015258 www.theijes.com Page 58
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