This document summarizes a health impact assessment of air quality and greenhouse gases/climate change for six Latino communities in San Jose, California. It finds that these communities experience higher levels of air pollution and associated health risks like cancer and respiratory illness due to proximity to stationary sources, highways, and vehicle traffic. Climate change is also expected to exacerbate air quality issues and increase heat-related illnesses in these vulnerable neighborhoods. The document recommends measures to reduce pollution exposure, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental health inequities through the county general plan and environmental review process.
A letter signed by more than 250 health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, psychologists, veterinarians, dentists, professors, students and others, requesting the governor direct a detailed study of the effects of hydraulic fracturing on human health, and delay adopting new drilling regulations for at least 6 months.
A presentation made at the 2015 NC BREATHE Conference by Jason West, PhD of University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. Sponsored by Clean Air Carolina and partners, the 2015 NC BREATHE Conference was held on March 27, 2015 in Raleigh, NC to bring together air quality researchers, medical and public health professionals, and policymakers to share the latest research on the health impacts of air pollution, the positive health outcomes related to clean air policy-making, and the resulting economic benefits.
Health Effects- Unconventional Natural Gas Development and Production (“FRACK...Tiffany Blackden
Ann Bristow shared this science based presentation on fracking in Maryland at the Garrett County Commissioner's Meeting on March 17, 2015. Fracking in Garrett County is restricted until October, 2017, when the moratorium is lifted, and the state will permit fracking. Now is the time to get involved and alert law makers to the fact that the risks are immense, and we are NOT willing to be collateral damage.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Study: Perinatal Outcomes and Unconventional Natural Gas Operations in Southw...Marcellus Drilling News
This study investigated the association between proximity to unconventional natural gas operations (UGD) in Pennsylvania and perinatal outcomes using birth records from 2007-2010. Mothers were categorized into exposure groups based on the number and distance of gas wells within 10 miles of their residence. After adjusting for confounding factors, the highest exposure group had slightly lower average birth weights and a higher rate of babies born small for gestational age compared to the lowest exposure group, though clinical significance is unclear. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to better evaluate potential health impacts of UGD.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Department of InteriorLyle Birkey
The Department of the Interior allocates $769 million to environmental research and development in 2013. The largest recipient is the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) which receives $643 million to conduct research related to natural hazards, ecosystems, energy and minerals, climate and land use change, and water resources. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management receives $33 million for research regarding offshore energy development and environmental protection. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement receives $24 million for research focused on offshore safety standards and oil spill response.
This document outlines an environmental impact statement for flood control projects along Banita Creek in Nacogdoches, Texas. It describes the purpose to limit flooding and comply with environmental regulations. Four alternatives are evaluated: total channelization and levees (Alternative 1), partial channelization (Alternative 2), debris removal (Alternative 3), and clearing and snagging (Alternative 4). Impacts to the environment, infrastructure, and socioeconomics are analyzed, and mitigation measures are proposed for significant impacts like loss of habitat and increased emissions.
Filling the Void: A Citizens' Audit of Ohio Oil and Gas Waste Disposal WellsMarcellus Drilling News
A faux "report" produced by 16 untrained volunteers (anti-drilling activitists) who claim to find evidence of mismanagement of the wastewater injection well program in Ohio on the part of the Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources. The solution, according to the virulently anti-drilling Ohio Citizen Action group that produced the report, is to have the federal EPA take over active oversight of the injection well program.
A letter signed by more than 250 health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, psychologists, veterinarians, dentists, professors, students and others, requesting the governor direct a detailed study of the effects of hydraulic fracturing on human health, and delay adopting new drilling regulations for at least 6 months.
A presentation made at the 2015 NC BREATHE Conference by Jason West, PhD of University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. Sponsored by Clean Air Carolina and partners, the 2015 NC BREATHE Conference was held on March 27, 2015 in Raleigh, NC to bring together air quality researchers, medical and public health professionals, and policymakers to share the latest research on the health impacts of air pollution, the positive health outcomes related to clean air policy-making, and the resulting economic benefits.
Health Effects- Unconventional Natural Gas Development and Production (“FRACK...Tiffany Blackden
Ann Bristow shared this science based presentation on fracking in Maryland at the Garrett County Commissioner's Meeting on March 17, 2015. Fracking in Garrett County is restricted until October, 2017, when the moratorium is lifted, and the state will permit fracking. Now is the time to get involved and alert law makers to the fact that the risks are immense, and we are NOT willing to be collateral damage.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Study: Perinatal Outcomes and Unconventional Natural Gas Operations in Southw...Marcellus Drilling News
This study investigated the association between proximity to unconventional natural gas operations (UGD) in Pennsylvania and perinatal outcomes using birth records from 2007-2010. Mothers were categorized into exposure groups based on the number and distance of gas wells within 10 miles of their residence. After adjusting for confounding factors, the highest exposure group had slightly lower average birth weights and a higher rate of babies born small for gestational age compared to the lowest exposure group, though clinical significance is unclear. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to better evaluate potential health impacts of UGD.
FY 2013 R&D REPORT January 6 2014 - Department of InteriorLyle Birkey
The Department of the Interior allocates $769 million to environmental research and development in 2013. The largest recipient is the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) which receives $643 million to conduct research related to natural hazards, ecosystems, energy and minerals, climate and land use change, and water resources. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management receives $33 million for research regarding offshore energy development and environmental protection. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement receives $24 million for research focused on offshore safety standards and oil spill response.
This document outlines an environmental impact statement for flood control projects along Banita Creek in Nacogdoches, Texas. It describes the purpose to limit flooding and comply with environmental regulations. Four alternatives are evaluated: total channelization and levees (Alternative 1), partial channelization (Alternative 2), debris removal (Alternative 3), and clearing and snagging (Alternative 4). Impacts to the environment, infrastructure, and socioeconomics are analyzed, and mitigation measures are proposed for significant impacts like loss of habitat and increased emissions.
Filling the Void: A Citizens' Audit of Ohio Oil and Gas Waste Disposal WellsMarcellus Drilling News
A faux "report" produced by 16 untrained volunteers (anti-drilling activitists) who claim to find evidence of mismanagement of the wastewater injection well program in Ohio on the part of the Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources. The solution, according to the virulently anti-drilling Ohio Citizen Action group that produced the report, is to have the federal EPA take over active oversight of the injection well program.
The document is an annotated bibliography that summarizes three sources related to the effects of hydraulic fracturing on employee health and safety. It discusses the sources' disciplinary affiliations, concepts, and phenomena addressed. The first source finds both positive and negative local impacts of fracturing. The second compares fracturing policies across states and their balance of state vs. local control. The third finds occupational exposures to silica pose health risks for certain fracturing jobs.
This document discusses priorities for protecting the Great Lakes from emerging chemical pollutants. It implements a methodology developed by engineers to rank the top 20 emerging contaminants found in Great Lakes surface water and drinking water based on their occurrence, impacts, and difficulty to treat. The top chemicals include hormones, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and plastic production chemicals. Case studies of monitoring efforts by Chicago, Milwaukee, and other municipalities are provided. Establishing clear priority rankings can help utilities implement focused monitoring and aid regulatory agencies in assessing risks. Governments should use prioritization methods to set binational objectives for controlling the highest priority contaminants under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
This document provides a review of key knowledge gaps related to subsurface impacts of hydraulic fracturing. It is divided into 10 sections that cover various topics. The sections identify current understanding, knowledge gaps, and recommend research approaches to address those gaps. Some of the major gaps identified include: a lack of understanding of baseline groundwater quality and natural methane levels; pathways and mechanisms of methane migration; geochemical impacts of fugitive methane on water quality over time; development of improved models to understand contamination risks; factors contributing to induced seismicity; quantification of groundwater usage and impacts on water budgets; and accounting for all external costs and benefits of hydraulic fracturing activities. Filling these knowledge gaps through additional monitoring, modeling, and interdisciplinary research is
Study: The Potential Environmental Impacts of Fracking in the Delaware River ...Marcellus Drilling News
A $320,444 "study" bought and paid for by Big Green groups (the William Penn Foundation and Delaware Riverkeeper) that reportedly shows the impacts (i.e. harms) that would occur if shale drilling were allowed in Wayne and Pike counties in Pennsylvania. Currently those counties cannot drill for shale energy because they are part of the Delaware River Basin Commission's jurisdiction and the DRBC does not allow drilling. This study, using Big Green money, is meant to keep it that way--no drilling ever in those counties, denying landowners their Constitutional rights. It is a sham study with a pre-determined outcome authored by CNA, a non-profit organization that sells itself to the highest bidder.
Axelrod Becker Consulting facilitated the 2.5 day environment and health summit for MDI Biological Laboratory. Key stakeholders published their action plan commitments in Current Environmental Health Reports.
Airborne Particulate Matter And Human Health:Perspective And Case Study-Garg ...ECRD IN
This document summarizes research on the health effects of airborne particulate matter. It discusses epidemiological studies that have found associations between particulate exposure and increased mortality and morbidity. Specifically, exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 have been linked to increased hospital admissions and decreased lung function. The document also reviews the gaps in understanding these health impacts in India, noting that more research is needed that focuses specifically on PM10 and PM2.5, as most Indian data so far has examined total suspended particulates only. It calls for efforts to better understand the epidemiology, toxicology and exposure levels related to particulate air pollution in India.
This document discusses the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) in classrooms. It notes that green schools provide clean air which promotes student health and learning. Poor IAQ can negatively impact student attendance, test scores, and health. Common indoor and outdoor air pollutants are outlined. The document recommends increasing outdoor air ventilation and filtration to improve classroom air and protect students from outdoor pollutants. It references standards and guidelines for acceptable classroom ventilation and air quality.
The document provides course descriptions for courses in the Master of Environmental Engineering program. The courses cover topics like water resources engineering, physical and chemical processes in water and wastewater treatment, air quality and pollution control, biological processes in water and wastewater treatment, solid and hazardous waste management, fate and transport of environmental contaminants, environmental impact and risk assessment, and thesis research. Elective courses cover additional topics such as environmental chemistry, policy analysis, sampling and monitoring, pollution transport, sea pollution control, GIS for environmental engineering, remediation and restoration, industrial water and wastewater, pollution prevention, and financing environmental projects.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document discusses a study analyzing the recreational water illness (RWI) prevention protocols of the City of Mesa Aquatics Division. It examines the division's administration, aquatic staff, and maintenance entities to evaluate if their prevention and sanitation measures meet CDC guidelines. Through interviews and reviewing documentation from each entity, it was found that while administration and maintenance meet standards, aquatic staff inconsistently complete required daily logs. The study concludes by recommending streamlining the staff documentation process and increasing education on its importance to improve compliance with RWI prevention protocols.
This study analyzed 20 public drinking water wells on Cape Cod, Massachusetts for 92 organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) including pharmaceuticals, hormones, and consumer product chemicals. The goals were to evaluate the presence of OWCs in the wells and determine if surrogates of wastewater impact like nitrate, boron, and residential development could identify wells most impacted by OWCs. Fifteen of the 20 wells contained at least one OWC, with the two most frequently detected being the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole and the perfluorosurfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate. Maximum concentrations of two pharmaceuticals matched or exceeded levels reported in other U.S. public water sources, indicating
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUSTs) in Rhode IslandEva Do
This document discusses leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs) in Rhode Island and options to address the issue. It provides background on LUST regulations since the 1980s. Data shows LUSTs release hazardous substances that contaminate groundwater and increase cancer rates. Three alternatives are analyzed: increasing EPA funding, enforcing state LUST laws, or banning underground tanks. Metrics to evaluate the alternatives are identified. Regression analysis shows a relationship between LUSTs and pollution levels. After weighing performance indices and stakeholder utilities, recommending enforcing state LUST laws is concluded to minimize health and environmental impacts.
This document discusses various sources of water pollution and new techniques being developed for water purification. It begins by outlining how water pollution occurs from industrial wastes like mining and manufacturing, agricultural runoff containing pesticides, and domestic waste. It then examines some specific pollutants in more depth from these sources. New techniques under research for water purification are also mentioned, with the goal of developing more affordable methods. The document aims to analyze the impact of pollutants on water and introduce promising new purification techniques.
This document contains descriptions of various topics related to the environment and Earth sciences. It provides the topic name, a brief description of the topic, and assigns it to a panel. Some of the topics covered include atmospheric kinetics, behavioural ecology, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layer meteorology, climate and climate change, community ecology, conservation ecology, earth engineering, and earth resources.
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 established the Central Pollution Control Board in India with the objective of preventing and controlling water pollution. The act provides for maintaining water quality, establishing pollution control boards at the central and state levels, and penalties for defaulters. It applies initially to several states and union territories. The Central Pollution Control Board advises the central government on pollution control and guides state pollution control boards. State boards implement similar functions at the state level. Several programs have been implemented to reduce pollution in water bodies, including the Ganga Action Plan to improve the Ganga river's water quality.
The document summarizes various studies on water quality in Erbil governorate. It finds that water sample quality varied by time and location, with some sites showing pollution. Testing of the Greater Zap river found the water was not safe for drinking due to bacterial indicators. Some lake water also showed eutrophic conditions. The objectives are to summarize existing information on natural and drinking water quality and identify gaps. It concludes that groundwater is generally suitable for drinking but some showed nitrate and mineral contamination. Surface water quality varied, with some parameters within WHO guidelines and others exceeding limits. Improved management strategies are needed like establishing water quality standards, a national water quality database, and a Kurdistan Environmental Protection Agency to continuously monitor water
This document is a research paper submitted for a Bachelor of Science in Architecture. It discusses applying an ecological infrastructure planning approach to the Angat River basin watershed in the Philippines. The paper aims to: 1) identify ecological processes affecting landscape planning in watersheds; 2) provide an understanding of ecological infrastructure design approaches; and 3) contribute to integrating these principles into local planning processes for the Angat River Basin watershed. Specifically, it examines how ecological infrastructure planning can address existing ecological risks and sustainability issues in the Angat River basin.
O documento descreve o serviço de planejamento de refeições oferecido por uma mãe para ajudar outras famílias a desenvolver hábitos alimentares saudáveis e organização nas compras e preparo de comida. O serviço envolve conhecer os hábitos da família, planejar cardápios semanais e listas de compras, e oferecer acompanhamento e ajuda.
Este documento compara diferentes plataformas para compartir videos y redes sociales como herramientas educativas. Discute las ventajas de YouTube para ver videos explicativos sin necesidad de cuenta, y compara las redes Hi5 y Xing, destacando que Hi5 sirve para hacer amigos pero es menos popular que Facebook, mientras que Xing se enfoca en conexiones profesionales pero algunas funciones son de pago.
The preliminary plan_of_long-term_care_insurancenobisyu
The document outlines a preliminary plan for long-term care insurance in Taiwan. It discusses the background of aging population trends driving the need for reform. The plan proposes a single social insurance system managed by the Bureau of National Health Insurance. Two options are considered for eligible individuals - all people or those over age 40. Benefits would include both in-kind services and possible in-cash benefits. Financial resources would come from premiums paid by insured individuals, employers, and government subsidies. The plan aims to establish a legal framework and integrate long-term care with the existing health insurance system through measures like sub-acute care coverage.
The document is an annotated bibliography that summarizes three sources related to the effects of hydraulic fracturing on employee health and safety. It discusses the sources' disciplinary affiliations, concepts, and phenomena addressed. The first source finds both positive and negative local impacts of fracturing. The second compares fracturing policies across states and their balance of state vs. local control. The third finds occupational exposures to silica pose health risks for certain fracturing jobs.
This document discusses priorities for protecting the Great Lakes from emerging chemical pollutants. It implements a methodology developed by engineers to rank the top 20 emerging contaminants found in Great Lakes surface water and drinking water based on their occurrence, impacts, and difficulty to treat. The top chemicals include hormones, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and plastic production chemicals. Case studies of monitoring efforts by Chicago, Milwaukee, and other municipalities are provided. Establishing clear priority rankings can help utilities implement focused monitoring and aid regulatory agencies in assessing risks. Governments should use prioritization methods to set binational objectives for controlling the highest priority contaminants under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
This document provides a review of key knowledge gaps related to subsurface impacts of hydraulic fracturing. It is divided into 10 sections that cover various topics. The sections identify current understanding, knowledge gaps, and recommend research approaches to address those gaps. Some of the major gaps identified include: a lack of understanding of baseline groundwater quality and natural methane levels; pathways and mechanisms of methane migration; geochemical impacts of fugitive methane on water quality over time; development of improved models to understand contamination risks; factors contributing to induced seismicity; quantification of groundwater usage and impacts on water budgets; and accounting for all external costs and benefits of hydraulic fracturing activities. Filling these knowledge gaps through additional monitoring, modeling, and interdisciplinary research is
Study: The Potential Environmental Impacts of Fracking in the Delaware River ...Marcellus Drilling News
A $320,444 "study" bought and paid for by Big Green groups (the William Penn Foundation and Delaware Riverkeeper) that reportedly shows the impacts (i.e. harms) that would occur if shale drilling were allowed in Wayne and Pike counties in Pennsylvania. Currently those counties cannot drill for shale energy because they are part of the Delaware River Basin Commission's jurisdiction and the DRBC does not allow drilling. This study, using Big Green money, is meant to keep it that way--no drilling ever in those counties, denying landowners their Constitutional rights. It is a sham study with a pre-determined outcome authored by CNA, a non-profit organization that sells itself to the highest bidder.
Axelrod Becker Consulting facilitated the 2.5 day environment and health summit for MDI Biological Laboratory. Key stakeholders published their action plan commitments in Current Environmental Health Reports.
Airborne Particulate Matter And Human Health:Perspective And Case Study-Garg ...ECRD IN
This document summarizes research on the health effects of airborne particulate matter. It discusses epidemiological studies that have found associations between particulate exposure and increased mortality and morbidity. Specifically, exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 have been linked to increased hospital admissions and decreased lung function. The document also reviews the gaps in understanding these health impacts in India, noting that more research is needed that focuses specifically on PM10 and PM2.5, as most Indian data so far has examined total suspended particulates only. It calls for efforts to better understand the epidemiology, toxicology and exposure levels related to particulate air pollution in India.
This document discusses the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) in classrooms. It notes that green schools provide clean air which promotes student health and learning. Poor IAQ can negatively impact student attendance, test scores, and health. Common indoor and outdoor air pollutants are outlined. The document recommends increasing outdoor air ventilation and filtration to improve classroom air and protect students from outdoor pollutants. It references standards and guidelines for acceptable classroom ventilation and air quality.
The document provides course descriptions for courses in the Master of Environmental Engineering program. The courses cover topics like water resources engineering, physical and chemical processes in water and wastewater treatment, air quality and pollution control, biological processes in water and wastewater treatment, solid and hazardous waste management, fate and transport of environmental contaminants, environmental impact and risk assessment, and thesis research. Elective courses cover additional topics such as environmental chemistry, policy analysis, sampling and monitoring, pollution transport, sea pollution control, GIS for environmental engineering, remediation and restoration, industrial water and wastewater, pollution prevention, and financing environmental projects.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document discusses a study analyzing the recreational water illness (RWI) prevention protocols of the City of Mesa Aquatics Division. It examines the division's administration, aquatic staff, and maintenance entities to evaluate if their prevention and sanitation measures meet CDC guidelines. Through interviews and reviewing documentation from each entity, it was found that while administration and maintenance meet standards, aquatic staff inconsistently complete required daily logs. The study concludes by recommending streamlining the staff documentation process and increasing education on its importance to improve compliance with RWI prevention protocols.
This study analyzed 20 public drinking water wells on Cape Cod, Massachusetts for 92 organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) including pharmaceuticals, hormones, and consumer product chemicals. The goals were to evaluate the presence of OWCs in the wells and determine if surrogates of wastewater impact like nitrate, boron, and residential development could identify wells most impacted by OWCs. Fifteen of the 20 wells contained at least one OWC, with the two most frequently detected being the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole and the perfluorosurfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate. Maximum concentrations of two pharmaceuticals matched or exceeded levels reported in other U.S. public water sources, indicating
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUSTs) in Rhode IslandEva Do
This document discusses leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs) in Rhode Island and options to address the issue. It provides background on LUST regulations since the 1980s. Data shows LUSTs release hazardous substances that contaminate groundwater and increase cancer rates. Three alternatives are analyzed: increasing EPA funding, enforcing state LUST laws, or banning underground tanks. Metrics to evaluate the alternatives are identified. Regression analysis shows a relationship between LUSTs and pollution levels. After weighing performance indices and stakeholder utilities, recommending enforcing state LUST laws is concluded to minimize health and environmental impacts.
This document discusses various sources of water pollution and new techniques being developed for water purification. It begins by outlining how water pollution occurs from industrial wastes like mining and manufacturing, agricultural runoff containing pesticides, and domestic waste. It then examines some specific pollutants in more depth from these sources. New techniques under research for water purification are also mentioned, with the goal of developing more affordable methods. The document aims to analyze the impact of pollutants on water and introduce promising new purification techniques.
This document contains descriptions of various topics related to the environment and Earth sciences. It provides the topic name, a brief description of the topic, and assigns it to a panel. Some of the topics covered include atmospheric kinetics, behavioural ecology, biogeochemical cycles, boundary layer meteorology, climate and climate change, community ecology, conservation ecology, earth engineering, and earth resources.
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 established the Central Pollution Control Board in India with the objective of preventing and controlling water pollution. The act provides for maintaining water quality, establishing pollution control boards at the central and state levels, and penalties for defaulters. It applies initially to several states and union territories. The Central Pollution Control Board advises the central government on pollution control and guides state pollution control boards. State boards implement similar functions at the state level. Several programs have been implemented to reduce pollution in water bodies, including the Ganga Action Plan to improve the Ganga river's water quality.
The document summarizes various studies on water quality in Erbil governorate. It finds that water sample quality varied by time and location, with some sites showing pollution. Testing of the Greater Zap river found the water was not safe for drinking due to bacterial indicators. Some lake water also showed eutrophic conditions. The objectives are to summarize existing information on natural and drinking water quality and identify gaps. It concludes that groundwater is generally suitable for drinking but some showed nitrate and mineral contamination. Surface water quality varied, with some parameters within WHO guidelines and others exceeding limits. Improved management strategies are needed like establishing water quality standards, a national water quality database, and a Kurdistan Environmental Protection Agency to continuously monitor water
This document is a research paper submitted for a Bachelor of Science in Architecture. It discusses applying an ecological infrastructure planning approach to the Angat River basin watershed in the Philippines. The paper aims to: 1) identify ecological processes affecting landscape planning in watersheds; 2) provide an understanding of ecological infrastructure design approaches; and 3) contribute to integrating these principles into local planning processes for the Angat River Basin watershed. Specifically, it examines how ecological infrastructure planning can address existing ecological risks and sustainability issues in the Angat River basin.
O documento descreve o serviço de planejamento de refeições oferecido por uma mãe para ajudar outras famílias a desenvolver hábitos alimentares saudáveis e organização nas compras e preparo de comida. O serviço envolve conhecer os hábitos da família, planejar cardápios semanais e listas de compras, e oferecer acompanhamento e ajuda.
Este documento compara diferentes plataformas para compartir videos y redes sociales como herramientas educativas. Discute las ventajas de YouTube para ver videos explicativos sin necesidad de cuenta, y compara las redes Hi5 y Xing, destacando que Hi5 sirve para hacer amigos pero es menos popular que Facebook, mientras que Xing se enfoca en conexiones profesionales pero algunas funciones son de pago.
The preliminary plan_of_long-term_care_insurancenobisyu
The document outlines a preliminary plan for long-term care insurance in Taiwan. It discusses the background of aging population trends driving the need for reform. The plan proposes a single social insurance system managed by the Bureau of National Health Insurance. Two options are considered for eligible individuals - all people or those over age 40. Benefits would include both in-kind services and possible in-cash benefits. Financial resources would come from premiums paid by insured individuals, employers, and government subsidies. The plan aims to establish a legal framework and integrate long-term care with the existing health insurance system through measures like sub-acute care coverage.
O documento resume os principais personagens e capítulos da obra Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos. A história acompanha uma família nordestina de retirantes que vivem situações de extrema pobreza e dificuldades durante uma seca na caatinga.
1. O documento contém 24 exercícios sobre eletrostática e eletrização por contato e indução.
2. Os exercícios envolvem conceitos como carga elétrica, distribuição de carga em condutores e isolantes, atração e repulsão entre corpos carregados, equilíbrio eletrostático e indução eletrostática.
3. As questões devem ser respondidas escolhendo entre alternativas de resposta fornecidas.
La Universidad Tecnológica de Morelia llevará a cabo un concurso culinario llamado "Comida Michoacana Contemporánea" para preservar las raíces culinarias tradicionales de Michoacán. El concurso desafiará a los estudiantes de gastronomía a cocinar platillos de alta cocina michoacana usando solo estufas de leña tradicionales. Más de 12 equipos de diferentes escuelas culinarias de Morelia ya se han inscrito y competirán durante dos días de eliminatorias y una
This document provides an overview of indicators used in the Environmental Justice Index to measure environmental burden and vulnerability. It describes indicators in three main modules: social vulnerability, environmental burden, and health vulnerability. In the environmental burden module, it discusses indicators related to air pollution (ozone, PM2.5, diesel particulate matter, air toxics cancer risk), potentially hazardous sites (National Priority List sites, Toxic Release Inventory sites, hazardous waste facilities, risk management plan sites, coal mines, lead mines), built environment (lack of parks, older housing), and transportation infrastructure (roads, railways, airports). Each indicator is described in terms of data sources and potential health impacts.
This document is a chapter from the Fourth National Climate Assessment on air quality. It discusses four key messages: 1) Climate change will worsen existing air pollution levels, increasing health risks. 2) More frequent wildfires due to climate change will further degrade air quality. 3) Climate change is likely to increase allergic illnesses by changing pollen exposure. 4) Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants would provide both air quality and climate change mitigation benefits. The chapter also examines how climate change will alter the chemical and physical processes influencing air pollution levels.
The document provides background on brownfield sites and contamination in the United States. It discusses the environmental and public health problems posed by brownfield sites, including ecosystem and human health impacts. Common contaminants found at brownfield sites like lead, VOCs, and asbestos are profiled. The document then outlines approaches to remediating brownfield sites, including risk assessment and common techniques like soil vapor extraction. It discusses how remediation decisions must be made on a site-by-site basis. The role of Groundwork Trusts in equitable brownfield redevelopment is covered. Finally, the Groundwork USA Trust Act of 2015, which would provide funding for nonprofit remediation efforts, is introduced.
This thesis examines phytoremediation as a more sustainable alternative to traditional brownfield remediation methods. The author outlines how conventional remediation methods are costly, pose health and environmental risks, and lack public support. Meanwhile, phytoremediation uses plants to break down toxic substances in contaminated sites. While still in development, phytoremediation offers lower costs and greater community acceptance than traditional methods. The author analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of conventional remediation and phytoremediation through a review of literature to argue that phytoremediation provides a more sustainable approach to remediating the growing problem of contaminated brownfield sites.
This document presents the results of a study that used mobile mass spectrometry to measure ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, and xylene compounds (BTEX) near unconventional oil and gas extraction sites in the Eagle Ford Shale region of Texas. The study found highly variable BTEX contamination events originating from specific sources on well pad sites, including natural gas flaring units, condensate tanks, compressor units, and hydrogen sulfide scavengers. Individual wellheads did not contribute significantly to BTEX levels. The detection of point sources indicates that mechanical inefficiencies, rather than the extraction process as a whole, are responsible for releasing these compounds into the air.
FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL ...Lyle Birkey
This document summarizes federal funding for environmental research and development by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2014. It outlines the EPA's six major research areas and budgets for each. In 2014, the EPA's total budget for environmental research was $555 million. The largest shares went to research related to sustainable and healthy communities ($155 million), chemical safety and sustainability ($131 million), and safe and sustainable water resources ($111 million). The document provides details on the goals and programs within each research area.
The document discusses the U.S. EPA's Goal 1 of achieving clean air and addressing global climate change. It covers several topics including criteria air pollutants, air toxics, indoor air quality, stratospheric ozone protection, greenhouse gases, and climate change. Progress has been made in reducing various air pollutants and their health impacts, though further reductions are still needed to fully protect public health. The EPA conducts research and provides tools and guidance to support the achievement of air quality standards and goals.
ScenarioYou have completed and submitted your Pollution PreventiVannaJoy20
The document describes a scenario where an agricultural production company has approved implementing recommendations from a Pollution Prevention Plan pre-assessment study. The company has assigned a 3-person field team to help monitor the program. The tasks involve developing a PowerPoint presentation summarizing the need for monitoring different aspects of the program, including methods for soil/groundwater/surface water/air monitoring, as well as monitoring for sustainable development and global pollution prevention performance. The presentation must cite sources from a textbook and scholarly journal article.
Stephanie douma natural toxicants 2010 linked in 2011stephdouma
There are many natural toxic substances that occur in soils, water, and air in Canada due to geological processes. While some laws and policies aim to regulate and limit exposure to toxic substances, they often fail to adequately consider geological data and factors. An integrated approach between earth sciences and health sciences is needed to better understand and manage risks from natural toxicants.
Stephanie Douma Natural Toxicants 2010 Linked In 2011stdouma
There are many natural toxic substances that humans are exposed to through air, water, soil, and food. While some laws and policies aim to regulate and limit exposure, they are often inadequate and do not fully consider knowledge from earth sciences regarding the natural abundance and health effects of toxic substances derived from geological materials. An integrated approach between earth sciences and health sciences is needed to better understand and manage risks to population health from natural toxicants.
This document discusses the high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in India and the link between air pollution and increased risk of CVD. It provides the following key points:
1. CVD is the leading cause of death in India, with rates higher than global averages. Major CVDs include IHD, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension.
2. Risk factors for CVD like hypertension and diabetes are rising dramatically in India and projected to affect hundreds of millions by 2030.
3. Existing evidence suggests air pollution likely increases the risk of CVD and its risk factors through mechanisms like endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and increased blood pressure.
4. Research aims to better characterize the associations between long-term air
The document discusses the health impacts of particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. It notes that exposure to anthropogenic PM2.5 leads to reduced life expectancy, with models showing losses ranging from months to over a year depending on the year and meteorological factors. Motor vehicles are identified as major contributors to air pollution in cities, responsible for around half of particulate emissions. Long term exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 and other air pollutants increases mortality rates from respiratory and cardiac causes.
ASPHER's ambition in climate change and health educationJohn Middleton
A presentation for the launch of the ASPHER Climate change and health education EU Health Policy Platform network 202207 ASPHER middletonj climate change and health long version.pptx
The Environment And Corporate Environmental Impact On The...Erin Rivera
The document discusses several environmental issues caused by human activities, including loss of biodiversity, deforestation, ocean pollution, water scarcity, and climate change. These issues have serious implications for both the environment and humanity. Pollution from human waste and emissions is harming ecosystems and making people sick. Litter ends up in oceans, threatening sea life. Many bodies of water are too contaminated for safe recreational use due to pollution. These environmental problems negatively impact society.
Quantification of rate of air pollution by means ofIJARBEST JOURNAL
To develop efficient strategies for pollution control, it is essential to assess
both the costs of control and the benefits that may result. These benefits will often include
improvements in public health, including reductions in both morbidity and premature
mortality. Until recently, there has been little guidance about how to calculate the benefits
of air pollution controls and how to use those estimates to assign priorities to different air
pollution control strategies. In this work, a method is described for quantifying the benefits
of reduced ambient concentrations of pollutants (such as ozone and particulate matter)
typically found in urban areas worldwide. The method applies the data on Jakara, Indonesia,
an area characterized by little wind, high population density (8 million people), congested
roads, and ambient air pollution. The magnitude of the benefits of pollution control depends
on the level of air pollution, the expected effects on health of the pollutants (dose-response),
the size of the population affected, and the economic value of these effects. In the case of
Jakarta, the methodology suggests that reducing exposure to lead and nitrogen dioxide
should also be a high priority. An important consequence of ambient lead pollution is a
reduction in learning abilities for children, measured as I.Q. loss. Apart from that, reducing
the proportion of respirable particles can reduce the amount of illness and premature
mortality.
Spatiotemporal variations and characterization of the chronic cancer risk ass...ssuserb49377
This document summarizes a study that performed a spatiotemporal analysis of benzene levels in the eastern United States from 1993 to 2018. Time series analysis showed a declining trend and annual seasonality in benzene levels. Spatial analysis identified hot spot areas with higher benzene concentrations. Both deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments were conducted, finding that children face higher cancer risks from benzene exposure than adults. The probabilistic approach estimated a wider range of risk levels and identified a higher percentage of children (28.77%) than adults (1.2%) at immediate risk.
Environmental HealthTheme Outdoor Air QualityDescription TanaMaeskm
Environmental Health
Theme: Outdoor Air Quality
Description of the Environmental Health Theme
The environmental theme I choose from the Pilsen windshield survey outdoor air quality. It was resolved that the Pilsen community has had the problem of good quality outdoor air for over ten years. A smelting facility in the neighborhood has been associated with the degrading condition of air safety in the area. The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to create a healthy environment to promote people’s health (HealthyPeople.gov., 2021). Outdoor air quality is the first objective of Healthy People 2020 that focuses on reducing air pollution to reduce the increasing premature deaths associated with poor air quality such as cancer and cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses (HealthyPeople.gov., 2021).
Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution on Pilsen Community
According to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (Illinois EPA), air emissions increase the lead concentration in the air. Lead is associated with various health effects when it accumulates in the body. After ingestion, lead enters into the bloodstream and gets distributed to other body parts and increases the risk of brain damage, and may impair prenatal development (Pilsen Environmental Rights and Reform Organization (PERRO), 2021). It can cause lead poisoning when people ingest contaminated substances such as water, soil, and dust. The Illinois Department of Public Health encourages children to be assessed to determine their exposure to lead, particularly those aged between 6 months and 6 years (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (Illinois EPA), 2021). Illinois EPA identified that lead exposure was a community concern due to the proximity of the sources of emissions to schools and residents (Illinois EPA, 2021).
The Historical, Present, and Future Perspectives on Air Pollution in Pilsen
The issue of air pollution in the Pilsen community has been a target for EPA for over 10 years. Community inquiries raised in 2005 about the air emissions from a smelting company known as H. Kramer and Co. attracted the attention of EPA. EPA found that the facility had violated air pollution regulations. In 2013, the Illinois State and EPA started parametric monitoring to monitor lead emissions and ensure the emissions did not exceed the set limits and also prevent leakage. Reports indicate that there has been a reduction in lead concentrations in the air, particularly due to the measures that have been put in place to control emissions. Although significant efforts have been taken to control air pollution in Pilsen, unfiltered emissions still remain a major concern. It appears that the regulatory agencies have struggled to control air pollution from big industries such as H. Kramer and the Fisk and Crawford coal-fired plant. The U.S. EPA stated that there were excessive emissions from the facilities (Guzzardl, 2011). However, the facilities were only asked to set up plans ...
This document discusses the relationship between environmental protection and economic development. It provides context that while economic development has often taken priority, local officials now recognize the importance of both. The purpose is to help communities ensure future development reflects environmental goals as well as economic ones. It discusses the benefits of conducting environmental impact assessments to help balance these priorities by identifying impacts, involving stakeholders, and providing guidance.
The document provides a comparison of bicycle master plans from Seattle, WA and Washington D.C. It analyzes the plans based on several criteria related to environment, community, existing bike networks, design standards, funding and implementation. Based on the analysis, Seattle's plan scored higher, with 38.75 out of 58 total points, compared to 34 points for D.C.'s plan. Seattle's plan provided more in-depth discussions of health, equity, and linking bicycling goals to its climate action plan. However, both plans lacked specifics on measuring progress and estimated emissions reductions.
Kenneth Rosales is a bilingual community organizer seeking a position in urban planning. He has a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Studies and a minor in Political Science from San Jose State University. He is currently pursuing a Master's degree in Urban and Regional Planning from SJSU with an expected graduation date of Fall 2015. His work experience includes coordinating conservation programs for the Sierra Club Loma Prieta Chapter and managing projects for the Center for the Development of Recycling in San Jose. He has strong skills in Microsoft Office, GIS mapping, and design software.
Kenneth Rosales is an environmentalist and urban planner seeking a position in his fields. He has a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Studies and a minor in Political Science from San Jose State University. He is currently pursuing a Master's degree in Urban and Regional Planning from SJSU. His previous work experience includes serving as the Conservation Programs Coordinator for the Sierra Club Loma Prieta Chapter and as the Project Manager for the Center for the Development of Recycling. He has strong skills in Microsoft Office, GIS mapping, and research databases.
This document summarizes a community assessment and planning process in the Spartan Keyes neighborhood of San Jose, California that was conducted by San Jose State University urban planning students and community partners. It provides links to resources on community benefit districts, business improvement districts, and examples of past community events, projects, and organizations in the neighborhood. It thanks participants and provides photo credits for images used in an accompanying presentation.
This document discusses a project analyzing senior services accessibility in East San Jose. It finds that the senior population is growing significantly both locally and nationally as baby boomers age. However, many seniors will have poor access to services due to suburban development patterns. The project aims to map senior populations relative to existing services and planned urban villages to advocate for improved accessibility and incorporation of senior needs into city planning. It identifies data sources used to create maps showing current service proximity to seniors and how planned development could impact accessibility.
Industrial ecology aims to connect the environment, economy, government, and society through sustainability. It models natural systems by closing material and energy loops. The document reviews concepts in industrial ecology like life cycle assessment and eco-industrial parks. Case studies show successes, like in Denmark where an eco-industrial park exchanges waste between multiple firms, reducing costs and impacts. However, industrial ecology has also faced challenges in implementation. The document provides an overview of the goals, tools and debates within the field of industrial ecology.
This document provides background information on the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and discusses calls for reforming the law. It notes that Governor Jerry Brown announced in 2013 that CEQA needs reform to reduce delays. Several bills have been introduced to reform CEQA. Supporters of reform argue it is being used to delay or stop projects for non-environmental reasons, while environmental groups want to protect CEQA from weakening reforms. The document provides context around the debate on CEQA reform in California.
This document provides an overview of opportunities and constraints related to land use, transportation, design, environment, and overlaps for the Santa Teresa/Bernal Urban Village Plan area. Some key opportunities mentioned include proximity to light rail and Caltrain stations, abundance of surface parking lots for infill development, and allowed building heights up to 15 stories. Constraints include costs of expanding transit, potential resistance from property owners, and surrounding low-density neighborhoods not politically supporting tall buildings. The document aims to identify these issues to help mitigate challenges and adapt the plan as needed.
The document discusses parking and traffic congestion issues at San Jose State University from the perspective of a public policy problem. It notes that traffic and finding parking can take significant time, negatively impacting students. A survey found that many students feel frustrated by the parking situation. While traffic issues are interconnected with the larger city, the university has taken some initiative to address the problems, such as creating a committee. However, the number of parking passes issued exceeds the number of available spaces. Addressing this issue could have environmental benefits if it encourages more sustainable transportation. Other universities have employed strategies such as limiting parking or building more parking structures, but these approaches have challenges.
This document discusses heavy metal soil contamination, its causes and health effects. Heavy metals can contaminate soil through mining, landfills and industrial activities. This leads to issues like the contamination of farmland near copper mines in Peru and the adverse health effects on residents living near a lead smelter in Boolaroo, Australia. The document also examines solutions to heavy metal contamination like bioremediation, phytoremediation and rhizoremediation, which use organisms or plants to clean up soils. More research is still needed to improve the success of remediation methods.
The document summarizes ecological changes over time at three lakes in Watsonville, California - College Lake, Kelley Lake, and Pinto Lake. It discusses how human activities like farming, transportation, and development have disrupted natural processes at the lakes. It provides details on the lakes' histories and current statuses, including drainage of College and Pinto Lakes into the ocean each year. The document also examines the native and invasive fish species found at College and Pinto Lakes, such as steelhead trout, brown bullhead catfish, and carp. Maps with directions to each lake are included.
This document provides a map and information about senior services in San Jose, California. The map shows the location of hospitals, clinics, grocery stores, libraries, community centers, senior housing, and other amenities around the city. It also shows the population over age 60 by census tract, with the highest concentrations in darker shaded areas. Key waterways, roads, and public transportation routes are identified. In summary, the document maps out essential services and amenities for seniors, and shows where the largest senior populations are located in San Jose.
The document analyzes a survey of 115 people in San Jose on their willingness to use and pay for a new bike share program. The survey found no significant correlation between age and willingness to pay. Most respondents would use bike shares for errands, especially near Diridon Station. Alternative transportation was the top reason for not using bike shares. Respondents would pay more on average than in other cities like Washington D.C. and Boston. A non-profit model is recommended to keep costs low through subsidies and sponsorships.
This document discusses a study conducted on a planned bike share program in San Jose, California. 115 surveys were administered in areas where bike share kiosks would be located to understand who would use the program, how much they would pay, and why. The study found most people would use bike share to run errands and pay more than other cities' programs. It also found the highest use would be around Diridon Station. The results suggest the program could charge higher prices or seek sponsors to fund maintenance and education.
The document describes a proposed mobile app called CitizenACT that would allow citizens to access information about land development and planning processes in their neighborhoods. It would provide a "one stop shop" for zoning information, environmental reports, public meeting details, and development proposals for any given property through an interactive mapping system. The goal is to make this information easier for citizens to access, understand, and engage with in order to increase public participation in planning decisions. It provides examples of similar existing online tools, outlines the proposed functions and implementation of the app, and discusses potential benefits and limitations.
Los equipos de Cool Cities del Sierra Club son grupos comunitarios que promueven soluciones locales al cambio climático en ciudades y condados. Los equipos realizan inventarios de emisiones, abogan por planes de acción climática, y apoyan iniciativas para hacer que las comunidades sean más ecológicas y sostenibles mediante el uso de transporte peatonal y ciclista, la prohibición de plásticos de un solo uso y el fomento de la eficiencia energética. Actualmente hay 16 equipos activos en la región.
A documentary film about environmental activism from conservation to climate change will be screened at multiple locations in September and October. The filmmaker and local leaders will lead a discussion connecting the themes of the film to the local communities after each screening. Light refreshments will be provided at the free screenings, with donations accepted.
This document advertises a walking tour on March 22nd of the proposed plans for downtown South San Francisco. The tour will cover plans for pedestrian safety, affordable housing, economic vitality, parks and train station improvements as the city conducts a long-term vision process for revitalizing the downtown area. Attendees will hear from city staff, community leaders and experts about opportunities and challenges of redevelopment. The tour is organized by the Coalition for Community Benefits and Sierra Club and will begin at the Caltrain station.
The document announces a community event to discuss how economic development, social equity, and the environment relate to healthy communities. The event will be held on July 29 from 6:00-8:30pm at the Menlo Park Senior Center and feature a presentation and discussion led by Vu-Bang Nguyen from Urban Habitat on what defines a healthy community and how residents can influence positive changes. Attendees are asked to RSVP online or contact the Sierra Club for any questions.
This map document summarizes a 2015 tour of the Coyote Creek Watershed in San Jose, California. It identifies trash hotspots like Los Lagos Golf Course, Tully Ballfields, and Tully Library along the tour route on Tully Road. The map was created by Kenneth Rosales of the Sierra Club Loma Prieta Chapter and identifies clean-up activity stops and nearby community areas like community gardens, a skatepark, and pocket park.
1. Health Impact
Assessment:
Santa Clara
County’s
General Plan
Health Element
Air Quality and Greenhouse
Gases/Climate Change
San José State University
Department of Environmental Studies
Yan Yin K. Choy, Adam Filipp, Melanie Rossi, Thai-
Chau Le, Sharon Ng, Kenneth Rosales, and Joshua
Villa
1
(San Jose, CA Del
Monte Cannery Site)
(Alviso)
(Cal pine Energy
Plant, California)
(Highway 237)
2. THANK YOU
• Rocio Luna and Maritza Rodriguez:
SCC Department of Public Health
• Jennifer Lucky: Human Impact Partners
• Department of Environmental Studies, SJSU
• SJSU Research Foundation
2
3. Overview
I. Introduction: Problem Statement
II. Air Quality and Health Impacts
III. Climate Change/Greenhouse Gases and
Health Impacts
IV. Cumulative Environmental Impacts and
Adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) Documents
V. Recommendations and Mitigation Measures
3
(San Jose, CA.: Reed & Graham Incorporated Asphalt
plant)
4. I. Introduction
The Santa Clara County General
Plan Update:
Health Element new opportunity
to improve and protect
communities through land-use
decisions
• Comment on City of San
José’ s future development
and potential health
impacts
• Bay Area will experience
population growth which
requires additional
transportation infrastructure
and development (housing,
commercial, etc)
The objective of the proposed
research is to conduct a Health
Impact Assessment (HIA) for
the same six Latino/Hispanic
communities in San José:
• air quality impacts,
• climate change,
• and cumulative
environmental impacts.
4
(San Jose, California. West San
Carlos proposed residential
development)
5. Problem Statement
Researchers across
numerous disciplines
documented the health
and environmental
disparities in low
socio-economic status
neighborhoods caused
from exposure to
environmental
pollutants. (Burton and Yandle, 1996;
Boer et al., 1997; Been and gupta, 1997; Hefland
and Peyton, 1999; Morello-Frosch and Jesdale,
2006; Pellow, 2000; Szasz and Meuser, 2000;
United Church of Christ 1987).
State, Federal, and local governments
identified research needs, initiatives, grants,
and mitigation measures to address the health
impacts from climate change.
San Francisco Deparment of Public Health only
in CA to receive funding from the CDC to create
strategies:
• Health Impacts: Heat stress morbidity and
mortality associated with air quality impacts
(http://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/climate_ready.htm)
5
(San Jose, California. Meridian Ave. and West S an
Carlos)
6. 1. Reduce Air Pollution Exposure:
from existng and new sources,
especially in impacted neighborhoods
per BAAQMD and other sensitive
receptors
2. Reduce Greenhouse Gas
Emissions: to protect qualtiy of life:
climate change increases
temperatures which further detoriates
air qualtiy
3. Reduce Environmental and Health
Inequities: Implement the HIA as a
tool to evaluate the potential impacts
in the CEQA process.
Evidence base of health determinants required in HIA
Department of Environmental Studies analyzed air
quality impacts and Greenhouse Gases (GHGs):
Make explicit the health risks caused by
• traffic-related air pollutants
• other non-traffic air pollution sources;
• and the potential health risks from climate change
(GHGs). 6
Highest Impacted Communities in San José
The SCC Health Department could protect all neighborhoods through the SCC General
Plan Health Element and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA):
(Google Earth. Sunset)
7. Demographics
o A neighborhood's
conditions have
impacts on health
(CDC, 2011).
o Social support is a
viable tool in
influencing health
(SCC, 2012).
o Social equity within
neighborhoods in
Santa Clara County
is important to
achieve.
7
Source: Santa Clara County Department of Public Health.
8. II. Air Quality:
San José, CA Background
A. Community Risk
Reduction Plan
(CRRP) Overview
B. Existing Conditions:
Transportation
Emissions (Mobile
Sources)
C. Stationary Sources
D. Health Impacts
8
9. Background
Air Pollution
“any substance in air that could,
in high enough concentration,
harm humans, animals,
vegetation, or material.” US EPA
Other health effects: autism,
learning disabilities,
developmental defects, and
known to be, or may reasonably be
anticipated
to be, carcinogenic, mutagenic,
teratogenic, neurotoxic, which cause
reproductive dysfunction, or which are
acutely or chronically toxic).” (HEI Air Toxics
Review Panel, 2007, p.16).
Source: California Air Resource Control Board. ARB Fact Sheet: Air Pollution and Health. Retrieved from
http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/health/fs/fs1/fs1.htm
9
10. Regulations and Laws
Federal:
U.S. EPA
• Clean Air Act
1990
National
Ambient Air
Quality
Standards
(NAAQS)
• six criteria air
pollutants
• ozone, carbon
monoxide,
sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen
dioxide, lead,
and particulate
matter
• National
Environmental
Policy Act
(NEPA)
State: California EPA
• California Air Resource
Board (CA ARB)
• California Clean Air Act
• California Ambient Air Quality
Standards (CAAQS)
• SB 25 Children’s
Environmental Health
Protection Act
• Bay Area Air Quality
Management District
(BAAQMD)
• 2010 Clean Air Plan
• Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE)
Program
• California Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA)
Source: Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). Air Quality Standards and
Attainment Status. http://hank.baaqmd.gov/pln/air_quality/ambient_air_quality.htm
10
11. Figure 5-1 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. CEQA Guidelines. December 2009, p. 5-4 11
A. BAAQMD:
Community Risk
Reduction Plan (BAAQMD Bay Area
2010 Clean Air Plan, 2010, p. 3-11)
o Evaluate and reduce health risks
related to Toxic Air Contaminants
(TAC) and diesel Particulate Matter
(PM)
o Identifies areas “at risk” based on
sensitive receptors to TACs and
PMs from point, non-point, and
cumulative sources
o Local governments reduce these
impacts through Community Risk
Reduction Plans (CRRPs),
12. B. Air Quality
Baseline:Transportation
12
Cancer risk – weighted air toxics emissions by source category (Clean Air
Plan, 2010, p.2-52).
Cancer risk- weighted toxics emissions trends (Clean Air Plan, 2010, p.
2-53)
BAAQMD CEQA Guidelines, 2011, p. 2-2
Threshold for PM 2.5 annually that was
provided by SFDPH is as follows (Bhatia, 2008,
p.16) : 0.2 µg/m3 of PM 2.5 annual average
exposure from roadway vehicles within a
150 meter buffer of a sensitive receptor.
13. Burbank/Buena Vista Mayfaire/
Suenes
Tropicana/ Dorsa/
Miller
Washington/
Guadalupe
Seven Trees/ Los Arboles/ Serenede
Cancer and Non-Cancer risks
(Ozone and PM 2.5)
“The estimated risk and hazard impacts were modeled at two different heights, 6ft. and 20
ft. The 6 ft. height estimates should be used when receptors are located on the ground floor of
a building; and the 20 ft. height estimates should be used when receptors are located on the
second floor of a building.”
• http://www.baaqmd.gov/Divisions/Planning-and-Research/CEQA-GUIDELINES/Tools-and-Methodology.aspx
(Maps created by Thai-Chau Le, SJSU, 2012 using Google Earth)
14. Pollutants monitored in 2009 (CAP,
2010, p. 2-5)
BAAQMD, City of
SJ CRRP
Workshop, 2011
Highway 87 140,000
avegvehicles/day
Highway 82
60,000 avg
vehicles/day
Highway 280 250,000
avg vehicles/day Highway 17 190,000 avg vehicles/day
Highway 101
208,000 avg
vehicles/day
15. C. Air Quality Baseline
for Stationary
Sources
Difference between Mobile and
Stationary Sources
Methodology – BAAQMD
Stationary Source Screening
Analysis Tool
Examples of Stationary Sources
Google Earth:
Stationary Sources Map
15
16. One Community
Example:
Burbank’s
BAAQMD Permitted
Sources
Bay Area Air Quality Management District.
2012. CEQA Guidelines: Tools and
Methodology. BAAQMD Website.
http://www.baaqmd.gov/Divisions/Planning-
and-Research/CEQA-GUIDELINES/Tools-and-
Methodology.aspx (accessed November 22,
2012) 16
17. D. Health Impacts: Cancer Risk by CensusTracts
(NATA, 2005)
17
The estimated
lifetime cancer risk
from air toxics in the
Bay Area is on the
order of 400 cases
per million(CAP, 2010, p. 1-
17).
This compares to the
total lifetime cancer
risk of approximately
400,000 cases per
million from all
causes. (CAP, 2010, p. 1-17).
Burbank
Washington
Mayfair
Tropicana
Seven Trees
Created by Thai-Chau Le, SJSU, 2012 using EnviroMapper
18. Air Quality: Respiratory Risks by Census Tracts
18
BAAQMD estimates that there are
approximately 2,800 premature
deaths in the Bay Area per year
related to current air pollution
levels,
and that the vast majority of
these deaths ‐ more than 90% ‐
are related
to exposure to fine particulate matter
(PM2.5). (p. Intro 3)
The health impacts included asthma
emergency room visits, respiratory
hospital admissions, cardiovascular
hospital admissions, chronic
bronchitis, non‐fatal heart attacks,
cancer onset, and mortality.
(NATA,2005)
Washington
Burbank
Mayfair
Tropicana
Seven Trees
Created by Thai-Chau Le, SJSU, 2012 using EnviroMapper
19. III. Climate Change/
Greenhouse Gases
Background
A. Greenhouse
Gases/Sources
B. Laws and
Regulations
C. Transportation
Sources
D. Health Impacts
19
20. A. Greenhouse Gases and Sources
In California and the Bay Area, climate
changes stemming from anthropogenic based
GHGs has shown to have negative impacts on
the following (EPA, 2012):
• water resources,
• recreation,
• forests,
• ecosystems,
• human health, energy,
• and agriculture.
• MOST IMPORTANT, relationship
between climate change and air
pollution
What kinds of gases are considered to be
GHGs (EPA 2012) ?
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Methane (CH4)
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
• Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
• Halocarbons (HFCs, CFCs)
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
represent 99% of
the known GHG
potential of
the Bay Area (p. 1-7)
20
21. B. Greenhouse Gas Regulation in the
US and California
Federal:
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)
•No Current GHG
Regulations, only
monitoring
State:
California Natural Resource Agency:
CA EPA
•California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA)
California Air Resource Board (ARB)
•Bay Area Air Quality
Management District (BAAQMD)
Local:
•City of San José
o Envision 2040
EPA
CEQA
CARB &
BAAQMD
CITY OF SAN JOSÉ
Assembly Bill 32
(AB 32): The
Global Warming
Solutions Act
Senate Bill 375:
Sustainable
Communities and
Climate Protection Act
of 2008
21
22. CEQA: Thresholds of Significance for
Operational-Related GHG Emissions
California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA) Appendix G:
GRN-1: If the project generated
greenhouse gas emissions, either
directly or indirectly, that may have a
significant impact on the environment,
then the impact would be considered
significant.
GRN-2: If the project conflicts with an
applicable plan, policy or regulation
adopted for the purpose of reducing the
emissions of greenhouse gases, then
the impact would be considered
significant.
Bay Area Air Quality Management
District (BAAQMD)
22
23. 23
C. Greenhouse Baseline Gases:
Source for Transportation
Transportation = 36.4% (34.86 MMT CO2 Eq.) of
GHG emissions in Bay Area (Bay Area Air Quality Management District,
2010)
Santa Clara County 2nd largest GHG emitter in
region at 19.6% [18.8 MMT CO2 Eq.](BAAQMD, 2010)
Transportation = 42% (7.9 MMT CO2 Eq.) out of all
GHG emissions in the county.(BAAQMD, 2010)
2010 county population = 27% = 1.8 million
people of entire regional population (Department of Finance, 2012)
2040 county projection = 23% = 2.2 million
people of entire regional population (Department of Finance, 2012)
24. reductions in some criteria pollutants, such as black carbon (a component of PM), ROG, and carbon
monoxide will help to decrease the “radiative forcing” that drives global warming. (BAAQMD CAP, 2010, p. 1-
19)
24
Transportation largest emitter
of GHGs 46.3% (3.52 MMT
CO2Eq.) (City of San José, 2011)
2008 population = 9.9
thousand = 53% of county
population (City of San José, 2011)
1.2 million by 2035 = 55% of
county population (City of San José, 2011)
City of San José General
Plan GHG Emissions and
Population
25. D. Climate Change: Categories of
human health consequences
www.niehs.nih.gov/climatereport (p.5, 7)
1. Asthma, Respiratory
Allergies, and Airway Diseases
2. Cancer
3. Cardiovascular
Disease and Stroke
4. Foodborne Diseases and
Nutrition
5. Heat-Related
Morbidity and Mortality
6. Human Developmental
Effects
7. Mental Health and
Stress-Related Disorders
8. Neurological Diseases
and Disorders
9. Vectorborne and Zoonotic
Diseases
10. Waterborne Diseases
Weather-Related
11. Morbidity and
Mortality
25
26. Climate Change:
Health Impacts
The California Climate Change Center indicates a
relationship between temperature and response (Shonkoff et
al.2009, p.9)
• Rise in temperature of 1°C rise in U.S. causes about
• 20-30 additional cancer cases
• 1,000 additional deaths caused by air pollution
• Ozone and particulate matter 40% of additional annual deaths (Jacobson
2008; Bailey et al. 2008).
• 300 annual deaths in California (Bailey et al. 2008).
There is increased vulnerability to heat waves and higher
temperatures for low-income urban communities and
communities of color (Shonkoff et al.2009)
• Greater vulnerability to heat-island effect due to inner city segregation
(Schultz et al. 2002; Williams and Collins 2001; Shonkoff et al. 2009, p. 4)
• Reliance of public transit, agricultural work, outdoor work 26
(Impervious Surfaces in California from the California
Department of Public Health and the Public Health Institute.
English et al. 2007)
27. IV. Cumulative
Environmental
Impacts
The Adequacy of Environmental
Impact Reports (EIRs) and
Mitigated Negative Declarations
(MNDs)
According to Morello-Frosch
et. al., four categories of
cumulative impacts at the
census tract level:
1. Social and Health
Vulnerability
2. Health Risk and
Exposure (air pollution)
3. Climate Change
Vulnerability
4. Proximity to Hazardous
Land-Uses and Sensitive
Receptors
(EJSM, 2012)
27
28. Cumulative Impacts
In addition to air
quality and
greenhouse gases
Databases used :
Comprehensive
Environmental
Response
Compensation and
Liability Information
System (CERCLIS)
Public Access Database
U.S. EPA,
MyEnvironment Maps
Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act
Information (RCRAInfo)
database
GeoTracker
28
Created by: Le, Thai-Chau. 2012. Hazardous Waste, Biennial Report, and Underground
Tanks in San Jpse. San Jose State University.
29. Cumulative Impacts (by zip codes)
29
Created by: Le, Thai-Chau. 2012. Hazardous Waste, Biennial Report, and
Underground Tanks in San Jpse. San Jose State University.
30. Cumulative Impacts & Sensitive
Land-use (schools)
30
Created by Thai-Chau Le, SJSU, 2012 using EnviroMapper
31. Environmental Impact
Assessments (EIAs)
Adequacy of Analysis and
Disclosure in proposed
developments under CEQA:
• Reviewed Environmental Impact Reports
(EIRs) and Mitigated Negative Declarations
(MND) for AIR Quality and Climate Change
• Did the lead agency and private
developers provide a rigorous
environmental and health analyses ?
• Can these documents provide an
indication of the environmental changes
from existing environmental baseline
conditions (Environmental Setting)?
• Whether mitigations are adequate to protect
the environment and health?
• Whether the documents fully disclose and
analyze the cumulative effects and provide
adequate mitigation measures to protect
health?
31
Project Name District
#
Size of Development Area
North San Pedro
Apartment Project
(IS/EIR)
3 0.73 acres
Japantown Project (EIR) 3 5.78 acres
8th Street & William
Condominiums (MND)
3 0.57 acres
Santana Row Planned
Development (MND)
5 40.78 acres
Ohlone Mixed-Use (EIR) 5 8.25 acres
Page Street & Meridian
Mixed-Use (MND)
6 3.59 acres
Race Street Terrace
(MND)
6 2.12 acres
Sun Garden
Redevelopment (EIR)
7 7 acres
32. Findings: Environmental Documents
Air Quality:
• Lack of Quantitative
Analysis
• Inadequate
projection models
• Cumulative Impacts
were not addressed
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Lack of Quantitative Analysis
• Absence of outlined
"Thresholds of Significance"
from regulatory agencies
(BAAQMD)
• Inadequate disclosure of
mitigation measures
32
• The connection between
health and the
environment was not made
33. (Morello-Frosch, R., Pastor, M., Sadd., J, EJSM, 2012)
City of San José: Current Environmental Impact Assessment Documents
lack Cumulative Impact Analysis (especially vulnerable populations)
33
35. 35
Recommendations
When Looking at Future Developments:
San José requires a CRRP: Thus far,
mitigations for air quality have not been
successful.
Cumulative impacts need to be analyzed to
communities in the Latino Health Assessment
from current and proposed developments
Outlined measurable mitigation strategies
should be included when developing in
impacted neighborhoods
Disclosure of health impacts to sensitive
receptors in non-attainment areas should
be upheld
Nexus between air quality,
traffic/transportation, and GHG emissions
and their association to public health
impacts should be explicit and analyzed.
• Use Health & Equity Metrics
addressed by Human Impact Partners’
take on SB 375
35
http://www.bayareavision.org/initiatives/equitabledevelopmen
t.html
36. Mitigation Measures: Air
Quality Impacts
Sustainable SF mitigations
• Inform all potential buyers of all increased health risk
associated with living close to major highways and
thoroughfares and educate them in the proper use of
any installed air filtration.
• Consider limiting building heights adjacent to
roadways with high traffic flows.
BAAQMD provide mitigations
specifically based on the phase of the
project.
36
Source: California Air Resource Board. 2005. Air quality and landuse handbook: A
community health perspective. Page 4-7. Retrieved from California Air Resource Board
website: http://www.arb.ca.gov/ch/handbook.pdf
Source: Safe and sustainable transportation. Humboldt County General Plan
Health Impact Assessment: Transportation Indicators.
Source: Bay Area Air Quality Management District. 2012. California
Environment Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines.
Recommendation on Development of New Sensitive Land Uses
Such as Residences, Schools, Daycare Centers, Playgrounds, or
Medical Facilities
Source Category Advisory Recommendations
Freeways and High-Traffic
Roads
- Avoid development of new
sensitive land uses within
500 feet of a freeway, urban
roads with 100,000
vehicles/day, or rural roads
with 50,000 vehicles/day.
(Google Image)
(Google Image)
(Google Image)
37. Mitigation Measures: Climate Change/
Greenhouse Gases Bay Area Air Quality Management
District (BAAQMD, 2012)
• Urban Form
• Infill development
• High density mixed use
• Compact Development
• Balance jobs and housing
• Improve the jobs and housing ratio within the
plan area
• Sustainable Development
• Construction of new buildings comply with the
California green building code
• Permitting incentives for energy efficiency and
solar projects.
37
Chris Lepe, 2010
California Air Pollution Control Officers
Association (CAPCOA, 2010)
• Vegetation
• Urban tree plantings
• Energy
• Building energy use
• Energy efficiency lighting
• Water
• Water supply (greywater, reclaimed water)
• Water use (efficiency – low flow, dought tolerant landscapes)
38. Climate Change Health Mitigations
Prevent any heat-related illnesses and death i.e.
2006 heat wave esp. among sensitive
demographics (English et. al 2007):
• Establish cooling centers & access to centers
• Outreach about heat waves and personal
cooling strategies target older adults that
live alone (English et. al 2007)
• Install reflective roofs, increase green spaces
and trees (English et. al 2007)
• Provide those with mental illnesses:
psychological support, family reunion, and
family support following a disaster (Ebi and Paulson,
2010)
• The draft EIR and MNDs should include
mitigation and adaptation proposals (City of San José ,
2009)
• Map neighborhoods with high pollution levels
(Shonkoff et al. 2009, Morello-Frosch, 2012).
38
(English et. al 2007)
Santa Clara County Open Space Authority
http://www.openspaceauthority.org/trails/
39. The SCC Health Element with
the Department of Public
Health =an invaluable
opportunity to create a
interdisciplinary approach to
connect the environmental
impacts, health disparities, and
mitigation measures.
Conclusion
Environmental Justice will be achieved when
everyone enjoys the same degree of protection
from environmental and health hazards (EPA, 2012).
Engage communities in the decision-making
processes, research, data collection, and
outreach.
CEQA provides an opportunity for government
agencies and the public to submit comments
on future development
SCC Health Element, SCC Department of
Health, other agencies, and the community
working together for environmental equality.
39
40. References
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). (2011). 2015 Toxics Modeling to Support the
Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Program. (Publication No. 201101-008-TX). Retrieved
from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). Air Quality Standards and Attainment
Status. Retrieved from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management (BAAQMD). (2009). Applied Method for Developing
Polygon Boundaries for CARE Impacted Communities Technical Memorandum. Retrieved
from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management (BAAQMD). (2010). California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA) Air Quality Guidelines. Retrieved from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). (2010). Clean Air Plan 2010 Volume I
Appendices. Retrieved from: Link.
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). (2010). Source inventory of bay area
greenhouse gas emissions. Retrieved from: Link
40
41. References
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). (2011). 2015 Toxics Modeling to Support the
Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) Program. (Publication No. 201101-008-TX). Retrieved
from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). Air Quality Standards and Attainment
Status. Retrieved from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management (BAAQMD). (2009). Applied Method for Developing
Polygon Boundaries for CARE Impacted Communities Technical Memorandum. Retrieved
from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management (BAAQMD). (2010). California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA) Air Quality Guidelines. Retrieved from: Link
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). (2010). Clean Air Plan 2010 Volume I
Appendices. Retrieved from: Link.
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). (2010). Source inventory of bay area
greenhouse gas emissions. Retrieved from: Link
41
42. References
• Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). (2010). Source inventory of
bay area greenhouse gas emissions. Retrieved from: Link
• Bell, J., Lee, M., M. (2011). Why Place and Race Matter; Impacting Health Through a
Focus on Race and Place.
• Blake, P., & Dooris, M. (2010). A green and healthy future: the settings approach to
building health, equity and sustainability. Critical Public Health, 20(3), 281-298.
• California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). (2010). Quantifying
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures - A Resource for Local Government to
Assess Emission Reductions from Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures.
Retrieved from: Link
• California Air Resource Control Board. ARB Fact Sheet: Air Pollution and Health.
Retrieved from: Link
42
43. References
• California Climate Change Center: CA Air Resources Board. (2009). Environmental
Health and Equity Impacts from Climate Change and Mitigation Policies in California:
A Review of Literature. Retrieved from: Link
• Center for Disease and Control (CDC). (2012). Health impact assessment. Retrieved
from: Link
• City of San José – Department of Planning, Building, and Code Enforcement.
(2011). General Plan: Envision 2040 Draft Environmental Impact Report
Appendix B: Transportation impact analyses reduced. Retrieved from: Link
• City of San José – Department of Planning, Building, and Code Enforcement. (2009).
Notice of Preparation (NOP) and Responses to the NOP. Retrieved from: Link
• City of San José. (2011). General Plan: Envision 2040 Draft Environmental Impact
Report: Appendix K – Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Retrieved from: Link
43
44. References
• Ebi, K.L., & Paulson, J.A. (2010). Climate Change and Child Health in the United
States. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 40(1), 2-18.
• Ellman, M., Solomon, G., Trent, R. & Ross, Z. (2007). Heat-Related Illness and
Mortality: Information for the Public Health Network in California. Retrieved
from: Link
• English, P., Fitzsimmons, K., Hoshiko, S., Kim, T., Margolis, H.G., McKone, T.E., Rotkin-
Ellman, M., Solomon, G., Trent, R. & Ross, Z. (2007). Heat-Related Illness and
Mortality: Information for the Public Health Network in California. Retrieved from:
Link.
• Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). EPA: Greenhouse Gases Threaten Public
Health and the Environment.
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2012). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2010. Accessed at: Link
• Focus Maps. (2009). Retrieved from: Link 44
45. References
• HEI Air Toxics Review Panel. (2007). Mobile-Source Air Toxics: A Critical Review of
the Literature on Exposure and Health Effects. HEI Special Report 16. The
Health Effects Institute, Boston, Mass. Retrieved from www.healtheffects.org or
from HEI
• Jacobson, M. (2008). On the causal link between carbon dioxide and air pollution
mortality. Geophys Res. Let. 35 (L03809).
• Kim Gilhuly, et al. 2011. Using health impact assessment in community
development to improve air quality and public health. Community
Development; 42(2) 193-207.
• Metropolitan Transportation Commission and Association of Bay Area
Goverments. (2005, May 24). About mtc news jobs & contracts meetings &
events get involved services library maps & data maps and gis datamart
funding planning projects legislation links san francisco bay area vehicle miles
of travel (vmt) population and employment, 1990-2030. Retrieved from: Link
• Morello-Frosch, R. (2012). Environmental Justice (EJ) Screening and Community
Participation. Retrieved from: Link
45
46. References
• Morello-Frosch, R. (2012). Facing the Climate Gap: How Environmental Justice
Communities are Leading the Way to a More Sustainable and Equitable
California. Retrieved from: Link
• Morello-Frosch, R. (2010). Minding the Climate Gap: What’s at Stake if California’s
Climate Law isn’t Done Right and Right Away. Retrieved from: Link
• National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (2010). A Human Health
Perspective On Climate Change. Environmental Health Perspectives. Retrieved
from: Link
• Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental
Protection Agency. (2001). Prioritization of Toxic Air Contaminants Under the
Children’s Environmental Health Protection Act SB 25. Retrieved from: Link
46
47. References
• Portier CJ, Thigpen Tart K, Carter SR, Dilworth CH, Grambsch AE, Gohlke J, Hess J,
Howard SN, Luber G, Lutz JT, Maslak T, Prudent N, Radtke M, Rosenthal JP,
Rowles T, Sandifer PA, Scheraga J, Schramm PJ, Strickman D, Trtanj JM,
Whung P-Y. (2010). A Human Health Perspective On Climate Change: A Report
Outlining the Research Needs on the Human Health Effects of Climate Change.
Research Triangle Park, NC:Environmental Health Perspectives/National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002272.
Retrieved from: Link
• Santa Clara County Public Health Department. (2011). Executive Summary 2011;
Health and Social Inequality in Santa Clara County. Retrieved from: Link
• State of California, Department of Finance. (2012a). Interim population projections for
california and its counties 2010-2050. Retrieved from: Link
• State of California, Department of Finance. (2012b). New report: California added
more than a quarter-million in 2011: total state population nearly 37.7 million.
Retrieved from: Link
47
48. References
• Santa Clara County. 2012. Association Between Neighborhood Conditions and
Health Outcomes at a local level.
• Santa Clara County Public Health. 2012. Status of Latino/Hispanic Health.
• Shonkoff, S. B., Morello-Frosch, R., Pastor, M. & Sadd, J. (2009). Environmental
Health and equity impacts from climate change and mitigation policies in California:
a review of the literature. Retrieved from: Link
48