This document discusses several topics related to health ethics, policy, and justice. It includes questions about euthanasia, medical ethics principles, and the physician Hippocrates. Regarding right to health, it discusses the UN declaration and WHO statements on access to medical care as a basic human right. Issues related to this right include costs, awareness, living standards, and resource distribution. Principles of distributive justice in healthcare include equal shares, needs-based, merit-based, and contribution-based models. Ethical problems arise from unsatisfactory distribution and disparities. Health policy objectives consider population health standards, access, investment, and rational drug use. Factors in policy include indicators, quality of life, costs

1. Health Ethics

2. Quiz
• Euthanasia in One word ?
• How many types of Euthanasia are there?
• Veracity in one word?
• What do understand by term Non-Maleficence?
• Susuruta Samhita is mend for ??
• Who was Hippocrates? And what contribution did he
gave to the field of medicine?
• Component of medical ethics

3. Health Policy & health Care

4. Objective
• Right to Health
 The human rights at issue
 Issues related to the right to health
• Distributive Justice of health care
 Principles of distributive justice
 Ethical problems
 Measures to safeguard
• Health policy
• Objectives & the factors to be considered
• Issues

5. Right to Health
• Article 35 of Universal Declaration of Human
rights states, “Everyone has the right to a
standard of living adequate for the health
and well being of himself and his family ,
including food, clothing and housing and
medical care and necessary social services.”
Reference :
http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/

6. • In 1946 The WHO declared that the
“Enjoyment of the highest attainable standard
of health as one of the fundamental rights of
every human being without deicrimination of
race, religion , political belief, economic and
social condition.

7. The human rights at issue:
• The rights to equitable distribution of food.
• The human rights for access to safe drinking
water & sanitation.
• The human rights to be an adequate standard
of living & adequate housing.
• The human rights to a safe & healthy
environment.
• The human rights to a safer & healthy
workplace.

8. Issues related to the right to
health
• Cost of medical treatment
• Lack of awareness of health education and
distributive justice
• Standard of living of the society
• Unequal resource distribution
• Lack of awareness about various health policy

9. Distributive Justice of health care

10. What is distributive justice?
The four main principles of medical ethics are
respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-
maleficence and justice. Obligations of justice
may be further subdivided into:
1. Distributive justice - the fair distribution of
healthcare resources (which may be scarce)
2. Rights-based justice - the respect for people's
rights
3. Legal justice - the respect for morally acceptable
laws.

11. Principles of distributive Justice
– to each person an equal share
– to each person according to need
– to each person according to effort
– to each person according to contribution
– to each person according to merit

12. Ethical Problems arises when
• Distribution of health care services is
unsatisfactory
• Disparity between group of people and between
religions.
• Allocation of the resources to the healthcare
facility is insufficient
• No fair distribution or inequality in allocation of
the resources.
• Poverty – greatest threat to health
• Socio- economic conditions to the society.

15. A set of decision or commitment to persue
course of action aimed at achieving defined
goal of improving health.

16. Objectives
• to achieve an acceptance standard of good
health amongst general population of the
country.
• More equitable access to health service.
• to increase public health investment
• emphasis laid on rational use of drug within
the allopathic system.

17. The policy introduces with an aim
of :
• elimination of poverty
• raising the level of nutrition, ignorance and ill
health
• improvement of public health
• securing the health care strength of workers ,
men and women especially insuring that
children's are given opportunities and
facilities to develop in healthy manner.

18. Factors need to be considered
while making Health policy
• Medical & Health care Indicators
• Availability of medical and health intervention
for the individual and society
• Patients and doctors preferences
• Improvement of the quality of life of the
individual and the society
• Values held by society such as justice
• Cost of healthcare for the individual and the
society
• Overall good of the society.

19. Scope of health Policy
• Caring
• Promotion of health care by imoroving the
life style
• Prevention of the disease – better water
supply sanitation, immunization
• Primary and emergency care
• Prevention of environmental pollution.