Bioethical issues in nursing presents key concepts in bioethics including definitions of bioethics, importance of bioethics in healthcare, and common bioethical situations nurses may encounter. Some key points discussed are:
- Bioethics studies ethical implications of new biological discoveries and advances in fields like genetics and drug research.
- Understanding bioethics is important for nurses due to ever-changing medical policies, patient rights, and new clinical issues.
- Common bioethical issues addressed include reproductive situations like sterilization and abortion, human experimentation, and dealing with infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS.
- Nurses must consider ethical issues around quality of life, end-of-life care, organ
The Filipino registered nurse believes in the worth and dignity of each human being, recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve health at all cost.
EUTHANASIA AND SUICIDE DYSTHANASIA ORTHOTHANASIA
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS TO THE DYING
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES END OF LIFE CARE PLAN OR DNR
NURSING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILTIES
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS
The Filipino registered nurse believes in the worth and dignity of each human being, recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve health at all cost.
EUTHANASIA AND SUICIDE DYSTHANASIA ORTHOTHANASIA
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS TO THE DYING
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES END OF LIFE CARE PLAN OR DNR
NURSING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILTIES
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS
Florence nightingale’s environment theoryShrooti Shah
The foundation of Nightingale’s theory is the environment- all the external conditions and forces that influence the life and development of an organism.
According to her, external influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own vitality by meeting his basic needs through control of the environment.
Anyone who has been in the nursing field for an extended period of time will tell you that a lot has changed. In fact, the twentieth century brought – literally – a technological “invasion” to nursing.
Florence nightingale’s environment theoryShrooti Shah
The foundation of Nightingale’s theory is the environment- all the external conditions and forces that influence the life and development of an organism.
According to her, external influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own vitality by meeting his basic needs through control of the environment.
Anyone who has been in the nursing field for an extended period of time will tell you that a lot has changed. In fact, the twentieth century brought – literally – a technological “invasion” to nursing.
Ethical issues in medicine and research:Special reference to IndiaJishnu Lalu
A detailed discussion on Ethical consideration concerning physician, patient, co-workers and research. It also discusses publication ethics and Ethics in India
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
3. Introduction to
Bioethics
• The study of the ethical and moral
implications of new biological discoveries
and biomedical advances, as in the fields of
genetic engineering and drug research is
bioethics.
• The term “bioethics” was introduced in the
70’s by Van Rensselaer Potter for a study
aiming at ensuring the preservation of the
biosphere.
• It was later used to refer a study of the
ethical issues arising from health care,
biological and medical sciences.
5. Importance of Bioethics
• Bioethics education for medical practice is
essential in today’s complex world because;
• Medical policies and patient rights
legislation are ever-changing
• Health care system function differently than
before
• Clinical practice now involves decision-
making about many new issues.
7. Definition of terms
• Ethics: ethics is a set of principles of right
conduct which is motivation based on ideas of
right and wrong. It guides to moral behavior by
making choices or judgments.
• Ethics Vs Moral: Morals are an individual
frame work for decision making that includes
personal values. Ethics are a generalized
conceptual frame work for decision making.
• Nursing Ethics: it is a system of principles that
govern the actions of the nurse in relation to
patients, families, other health care providers,
policymakers and society.
8. Definition of terms
• Bioethical Issues: areas of health sciences
that are the subject of published, peer-
reviewed bioethical analysis.
• Health ethics: health ethics or medical ethics
are the rules or standards governing the
conduct of a person or the members of a
profession relating to the study or practice
of medicine.
• Professional ethics: professional ethics are
the rules or standards governing the conduct
of a person or the members of a profession.
9. Definition of Bioethics
Bioethics is a branch of applied ethics
that studies the philosophical, social
and legal issues arising in medicine
and the life sciences. It is chiefly
concerned with human life and
well-being, though it sometimes also
treats ethical questions relating to
the non-human biological
environment.
10. When does an issue in practice/
research be an ethical issue?
• When there is conflict of moral values, beliefs and
objectives
– E.g. between the health care providers and the
patients.
• When there is conflict of commitments and
responsibilities
– E.g. saving patients’ lives Vs. using the
available resources ‘rationally’
• When there is the concern that our patients rights/
values are not respected
• When the issues in focus is related to justice in
allocating the available resources
• Finally, when we, as care providers feel that we are
not sure what we should do
11. THE THREE QUESTIONS & the three
categories
• The three questions are:
How to take an (and not the) ethically
acceptable decision to the issue in focus?
Why did we take this decision? (I.e. why
we chose this ethical option and not
another?)
How to implement the decision we have
taken?
12. The three questions & THE THREE
CATEGORIES
• The three categories are:
Clinical ethics is the one which is
concerned with the ethical issues related
to clinical practice in health care settings
Research ethics is concerned with the
protection of humans participating in
research
Organizational ethics which is concerned
more with fair allocation of health care
resources
16. Ethical issues
• Abortion
• Euthanasia
• Suicide
• Determination of death
• Cloning
• Human
experimentation
• Fetal tissue and Stem
cell technology research
• Reproductive sterilization
• HIV and other infections
• Quality of life
• Death and dying
• Homosexuality
• Birth control
• Organ donation and
transplantation
19. Reproductive situations
• Voluntary reproductive sterilization as a
contraceptive method may be contrary to the
moral, ethical or religious beliefs of a
caregiver. Consent is required to perform
reproductive sterilization. Some facilities
require consent from the patient’s spouse.
21. Abortion
• Legalized abortions allows for induced termination of
pregnancy.
• In 1973, the US Supreme Court ruled that any licensed
physician can terminate pregnancy during the 1st trimester
with the woman’s consent.
• During the 2nd trimester, the court requires a state statute that
regulates abortion on the basis of preservation and protection
of maternal health.
• During the 3rd trimester, legal abortion should consider
meaningful life for the fetus outside the womb and
endangerment to the mother’s life and health.
• By selective abortion, one or more fertilized ova may be
aborted so that others may mature properly in a multiple
pregnancy, which is perhaps a result of fertility drugs.
• Although, by law, physicians may perform abortions in health
care facilities, many people, individually and collectively,
oppose abortion, believing that it is a form of active
euthanasia because it takes the life of an innocent victim
without consent.
23. Human experimentation
• Procedures still in development stages are
performed in clinical research-oriented
facilities with the patient’s informed
consent. Those willing to be pioneers in
human experimentation have given or will
give hope to many patients with poor
prognoses. A caregiver should decide if he or
she wants to participate in experimental
procedures.
25. Fetal tissue and Stem cell
research
• Experimentation with human tissues may be of moral
concern to some individuals.
• The acquisition of the tissues in the form of
embryonic tissue and implantation may take place.
Fetal tissues lacks in lymphocytes that can cause
graft-versus-host response.
• Advantages of fetal tissue include rapid proliferation
of cells, quick reversal of the host’s condition and
differentiation in response to cues of the host tissue.
• Studies have shown promise in treatment of diabetes
mellitus, Parkinson’s disease and certain blood
disorders.
• Tissues from spontaneous abortion and ectopic
pregnancy has generally undergo pathologic
degradation and is not suitable for this use
27. HIV and other infections
• Underlying attitudes about homosexuality and IV drug abuse
may subconsciously influence the care of such patients.
• Should it?
– Are these patients any different from patients with
hemophilia and those who become infected through a
contaminated blood transfusion?
– Should the infant with HIV be treated any differently than
an infant with a congenital anomaly?
– Does the diagnosis make a difference to the health care
provider and to the quality of care that the patient receives?
• Knowing that HIV infection is transmitted by blood and body
secretions, conscientious application of standard precautions for
infection control should provide protection against occupational
exposure to HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis and other communicable
or resistant infections.
28. HIV and other infection
• Other ethical questions concern screening and the reporting of test
results versus confidentiality.
– Do the same considerations apply to team members as to
patient?
– What constitutes valid reasons for restricting or terminating
employment on the basis of health status?
• Confidentiality, privacy and informed consent are human rights
that should be protected, but the right to health care should be
protected also.
• Certain organism like AORN and AST believe that providers have
a right to know the HIV or other infectious status of patients but
that caregivers do not have the right to discriminate against HIV-
positive patients. This question has broader implications than just
the issue of being seropositive for HIV and no state mandates by
law that a health care providers can refuse to provide care for a
patient with HIV infection.
30. Quality of life
• Physician often must make critical decisions before
or during any interventions regarding the quality of
patients’ lives after procedures. Palliative
procedures may relieve pain. Therapeutic procedures
may be disfiguring. Life-support systems may
sustain vital functions. Life-sustaining therapy
may prolong the dying process.
• Many questions arise regarding care of terminally
ill, severely debilitated or injured and comatose
patients.
– What will be the outcome in terms of mental or physical
competence?
– When should cardiopulmonary resuscitation be initiated
or discontinued?
31. Quality of life
• Physicians decide, but all team members are
affected by the decisions.
• Patients with advance directives have made
many of these difficult decisions while in a
lucid mental state.
• This saves the family or legal guardians the
anguish of making the decision during times of
duress.
• This helps provide some closure and a small
sense of satisfaction that the loved one’s wishes
were known and followed.
33. Euthanasia
• How is euthanasia defined? Is mercy killing ethical, legal or
justified? Does the patient, family or guardian, physicians
or courts have the right to decide to abandon heroic
measures to sustain life? The patient who is aware of the
options and whose decision-making capacity is intact has
the right of self-administration.
• The idea of euthanasia seems to violate traditional
principles of medicine to preserve life, but our modern
technologies can prolong life without preserving quality.
• Quality of life can be interpreted as life that has a
meaningful value. Most human beings value having
cognitive abilities, physical capabilities, or both and living
free of undue pain and suffering.
• This raises the ethical question of whether physicians should
do what they technologies can do.
35. Right–to-die
• Courts have determined that patients have a
constitutional right to privacy in choosing to die
with dignity or a common law right to withhold
consent and refuse treatment. A mentally
competent adult older than the age of 18 years
can execute a living will, advance directive,
directing physicians and other health care
providers not to use extraordinary measures to
prolong life.
• No law or court precedents deal specifically with
issue of DNR orders in the peri-operative
environment. Institutional policies should
address this matter.
36. Right–to-die
• In an emergency, if there is doubt about the validity
of DNR order or a question concerning
reconsideration of the order, the caregiver should
participate in the resuscitation. If there is a
question of patient changing his or her mind, a
second chance may not be an option during
emergency situation.
• The issue of discontinuation of life-sustaining
measures becomes more difficult in a comatose,
mentally incompetent patient who has executed an
advance directive. Family members, in consultation
with physician, may request DNR orders.
Caregivers are obligated to follow DNR order.
38. Organ donation and
transplantation
• As a result of the uniform Anatomical Gift Act of 1968,
many adult carry cards stating that at death they wish to
donate their body organs or parts for transplantation,
therapy, medical research or education. Most states include
this information on a driver’s license. If this legal
authority is not available, some states have a required
request law. In the event of legally defined brain death, the
caregivers are required by this law to ask the family if they
wish to allow organ retrieval for transplantation.
• The accepted definition of irreversible coma for potential
donors includes unresponsiveness, no spontaneous
movement of respiration, no reflexes and a flat ECG.
• Caregivers learn to cope with feeling associated with the
procurement of donor organs in a manner similar to dealing
with the sudden death of any patient.
40. Death and dying
• Intellectually, we know that death is inevitable. Death can be a
difficult burden for caregivers to bear because our education,
experience and philosophy are dedicated to survival.
• Regardless of religious or cultural beliefs, death is a mystery, a
passage from the known to the unknown.
• Coping strategies that can help team members may include the
following;
– Realize that everyone involved is part of a team effort.
– Believe in greater power than the skills of the team.
– Sharing feelings with others. Encourage each other to share
feelings associated with the loss. Crying is acceptable
behavior.
– Deal with patient’s death by identifying personally with the
loss. Empathy is a positive emotion. Working through the
grieving process brings a sense of closure to the relationship.
– Arrange a visit with the hospital chaplain or rabbi.
42. Answering
difficult
questions
Balancin
g science
and
morality
Health
care
decisions
Ethical
decision
making
•What is safe care?
•What does it mean to be ill or well?
•What is the proper balance between
science/technology and the good of humans?
•Where do we find balance when science will allow
us to experiment with the basic origins of life?
•Nurses must examine life and its origins, as
well as its worth, usefulness, and
importance
•Nurses must determine their own values
and seek to understand the values of others
•Decisions are made with the patient, family,
other nurses, and other health care providers
•Nurses must develop a reasoned thought process
and sound judgment in all situations that take
place within the nurse-patient relationship
43. Values formation and
moral development
Examining
value
systems
Learning
right and
wrong
Under
standing
moral
developmen
t theory
Moving
towards
moral
maturity
44. Ethical theory
• A system of principles by which a person can
determine what ought and ought not to be done.
• Rooted in the assumption that an action or practice
is right if it leads to the greatest possible balance of
good consequences, or to the fewest possible bad
consequences
• Strongest approach for bioethical decision
making—which action will lead to the greatest
ratio of benefit to harm for all persons involved?
Utilitarianism
• Rooted in the assumption that humans are rational
and act out of principles that are consistent and
objective, and compel them to do what is right
• A decision is right only if it conforms to an
overriding moral duty and wrong only if it violates
that moral duty
• All decisions are made in such a way that the
decision could become universal law
Deontology
47. Bioethical dilemmas: life, death
and dilemmas in between
• Definition
• Dilemmas that pose a choice between
perplexing alternatives in the delivery
of health care because of the lack of a
clear sense of right or wrong
• Nurses should consider the dilemmas
that might arise in a given practice
setting
48. Bioethical dilemmas: life, death
and dilemmas in between
Life
• Bioethical abortion issue
•When does life begin?
•Nurses serving in women’s and children’s health settings must be prepared to face this
morally laden issue
• Reproduction issue: influenced by genetic screening, genetic engineering, and cloning
Death
• Quality of life and definition of death issues: With advances in health care, what
is usual and what is heroic care has become unclear
• Euthanasia and assisted suicide present new ethical questions
• Nurses in every setting must be prepared to consider end-of-life questions
Dilemmas
• Right to health care
•Health care system more selective in the amount and type of treatment offered as a result
of managed care
•Is each person entitled to the same health care package?
•Does ability to pay affect specific level of entitlement?
•How ethical is gatekeeping in the new managed care system?
•Access to health care and respect for human dignity are at the core of nursing practice
49. Ethical challenges
• The challenge of veracity
Issues of alternative treatments and acknowledgment of
uncertainty test truth-telling
Which treatment among two or more is best for the
patient?
Which of the new drugs should be used?
Should every patient be subjected to every possible form
of diagnostic treatment?
Should patient be made aware of questions and various
options surrounding care?
Is disclosure of uncertainty beneficial or detrimental?
• The challenge of paternalism
Provider tries to act on behalf of the patient and believes
that his or her actions are justified because of a
commitment to act in the best interest of the patient
Interferes with a patient’s right to self-determination
50. Ethical challenges contd.,
• The challenge of autonomy
Makes way for the crucial legal step of informed consent
When are patients competent to make informed consent
decisions? Can family members or surrogates make decisions
by proxy?
Questions about informed consent are raised for minors,
confused older adults, mentally compromised, imprisoned,
inebriated, unconscious, and those in emergency situations
Nurses also must take responsibility for understanding and
educating people about advance directives
• The challenge of accountability
Nurses have an obligation to uphold the highest standards
of practice, to assume full and professional responsibility for
every action, and to commit to maintaining quality in the
skills and knowledge base of the profession
Obligation to denounce a harmful action or potentially
threatening situation may fall to a fellow member of the
profession; to remain silent is to consent to the action of the
threatening situation
52. Robotic surgery: Bioethical
aspects
• The use of robotic surgery has been increasing
common today, allowing the emergence of
numerous bioethical issues in this area. The
overall result of the citations obtained from
the selected 17 articles, which ever used for the
preparation of the article. It contains brief
presentation on robotics, its inclusion in health
and bioethical aspects, and the use of robots in
surgery.
53. Bioethical issues in conducting
Pediatric Dentistry clinical
research
• Pediatric clinical research on new drugs and
biomaterials involves children in order to create
valid and generalizable knowledge. Research on
vulnerable population, such as children, is necessary
but only admissible when researchers strictly follow
methodological and ethical standards, together with
the respective human rights; and very especially
when the investigation can’t be conducted with
other population or when the potential benefits are
specifically for that age group. Clinical research in
pediatric dentistry is not an exception. The aim of
the present article was to provide the bioethical
principles and recommendations including informed
consent, research ethics committees, conflict of
interest and the “EQUIPOISE concept”.