The document discusses several ways that global warming may negatively impact human health, including increased deaths from heat waves, worsening air pollution and spread of diseases. Higher temperatures are projected to increase heat-related deaths in cities across the United States. Flooding from stronger storms can spread infectious illnesses if sanitation is compromised. Rising seas may also force coastal population displacement.
Gearing a National Statistical System Towards the Measurement of the Impact o...No to mining in Palawan
This is a revised version of the paper prepared for presentation to the Conference on Climate Change and Official Statistics organized by the United Nations Statistics Division in collaboration with Eurostat, the World Bank and Statistics Norway held at the Oslo Military Society, Oslo Norway on April 14 – 16 2008.
Moreover, the authors would like to acknowledge Ms. Zenaida B. Munoz, chief of the Research and Statistics Division of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, respectively, for providing valuable comments to the paper.
Climate Change and Ethics(Sustainable Development and Research Needs)
Dr. Amit Purushottam
India
carcs.in
+91-6299893489
(Content is Copy Right Protected)
Gearing a National Statistical System Towards the Measurement of the Impact o...No to mining in Palawan
This is a revised version of the paper prepared for presentation to the Conference on Climate Change and Official Statistics organized by the United Nations Statistics Division in collaboration with Eurostat, the World Bank and Statistics Norway held at the Oslo Military Society, Oslo Norway on April 14 – 16 2008.
Moreover, the authors would like to acknowledge Ms. Zenaida B. Munoz, chief of the Research and Statistics Division of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, respectively, for providing valuable comments to the paper.
Climate Change and Ethics(Sustainable Development and Research Needs)
Dr. Amit Purushottam
India
carcs.in
+91-6299893489
(Content is Copy Right Protected)
“State of socio-economic research on climate change and policy implications in the Philippines” presented by Mercedita A. Sombilla, SEARCA at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
pursuing sustainable planetary prosperity chapter 18 US-China 2022Michael P Totten
China and the U.S. are the two largest consuming nations, their combined gross do- mestic products (GDPs) comprising one third of global GDP. The two nations consume one quarter of world natural gas and one third of world oil production, and produce nearly two thirds of world coal. The two nations are also the planet’s largest CO2 emitters, jointly releasing nearly half of the world total.
Business-as-usual scenarios are insufficient to address the acute sustainability challenges that both nations – as well as the community of nations
– are facing. However, collaboration in pursuing solutions through unprecedented statesmanship, leadership and technological advances will simultaneously provide national and global sustainability solutions.
Joint initiatives are in both of our nations’ enlightened self interest – from immediate and sustained economic and environmental gains to long-term well being and prosperity of our peoples – and will make a major, essential contribution to finding global solutions to the devastating risks facing hu- manity and the biosphere.
Presentation of "Managing Drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of Nat...NENAwaterscarcity
Presentation of "Managing Drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of National Drought Policy"
Dr. Donald A. Wilhite
Faculty of Applied Climate Science
School of Natural Resources
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
FAO Near East Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt, 1 March 2015
Climate change is currently threatening the livelihoods of millions of people by altering the natural and physical
assets they rely on. The challenge for adaptation technologies is to deal with the potential for future
changes whilst being resilient to climate variability. Uncertainty about how climate change will manifest in a precise location requires cautions when selecting a
technological solution to avoid locking a community to an unsuitable technology.
Israel is recognized as being at the forefront of high-tech innovation, backed by a highly educated and creative
workforce and a sound infrastructure. The Israeli industry is always breaching for newer and innovative technologies.
Today Israel has about 350 cleantech companies and they are developing and growing constantly. In the following publication a review of the different adaptation technologies offered by Israeli industry will be outlined
by sectors and numerous subsectors.
Climate Change And Water Crisis- Obstacle for the sustainable environment. Climate change is a complex problem that has increased the need for an integrated, multi-sectorial and multidisciplinary response. Apart from the normal water domain, decision-makers in other spheres (finance, trade, energy, housing, regional planning, agriculture) must use and consume water efficiently. Sustainable management and development of water resources will play a pivotal role in preparing societies’ ability to adapt to climate change in order to increase resilience and achieve development goals.
The seminar report aims to draw attention to the critical importance of better water resources management in adapting to climate change and gives reasons why it should be systematically integrated into national plans and international investment.
• Find out causes of climate change and its impact on the water crisis.
• Water sources and demand of water.
• Actions to improve the ability to understand impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation to climate change in the water sector;
• Actions were taken to enhance informed decisions on adaptation planning, measures, and action.
Climate change impacts on animal health and vector borne diseasesILRI
Presentation by Bernard Bett and Delia Grace at a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) climate change technical officers' meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 1 April 2014.
Lecture at the University of Oulu, Finland October 30, 2018, in short course on climate change, weather and health. The University is a WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Change, Environment and Public Health.
Drought refers to a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. A drought can last for several months or years. Sometimes, droughts are declared for a full district for a few years.
It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region and harm to the local life and economy. This module highlights the basics of climatic drought.
17 de marzo 2014 – (Washington, D.C.) La Asociación Americana para el Avance de la Ciencia (AAAS, por sus siglas en inglés) anuncia el lanzamiento de una nueva iniciativa para expandir el diálogo sobre los riesgos del cambio climático. El elemento central de la iniciativa es el informe de la AAAS “Lo que sabemos (–What we know)”, una evaluación actual de la ciencia del clima y los impactos que hacen hincapié en la necesidad de comprender e identificar posibles escenarios de alto riesgo.
“Somos la mayor sociedad científica en el mundo, y por lo tanto creemos que tenemos la obligación de informar al público y a los responsables de tomar decisiones sobre lo que la ciencia está mostrando sobre cualquier tema en la vida moderna, y el clima está particularmente presionando”, comentó el Dr. Alan Leshner, director ejecutivo de la AAAS. “Al ser la voz de la comunidad científica, tenemos que compartir lo que sabemos y llevar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones a la mesa para discutir cómo hacer frente a este problema.”
El Dr. Mario Molina laureado del Premio Nobel, distinguido profesor del Departamento de Química y Bioquímica de la Universidad de California, San Diego y la Institución Scripps de Oceanografía y los co-dirigentes, la Dra. Diana Wall, Profesora Distinguida de Biología de la Universidad Estatal de Colorado, Escuela de Sustentabilidad Ambiental Mundial y el Dr. James McCarthy, Profesor Alexander Agassiz de Oceanografía Biológica en la Universidad de Harvard, presidieron el panel de la ciencia climática que elaboró el informe. Ellos, junto con los 10 panelistas que abarcan especialidades de ciencias del clima, participarán en la iniciativa de diversas maneras, desde ofrecer eventos y testimonios en un sitio web interactivo que estará disponible próximamente, hasta compartir conocimientos con otros profesionales. La iniciativa alienta a los estadounidenses a pensar en el cambio climático como un tema de gestión de riesgos; el panel tiene como objetivo aclarar y contextualizar la ciencia para que el público y los tomadores de decisiones puedan ser adecuadamente informados sobre los riesgos y las posibles maneras de manejarlos.
“Este nuevo esfuerzo pretende afirmar de manera muy clara la evidencia excepcionalmente fuerte que el clima de la Tierra está cambiando, y que el futuro cambio climático puede afectar seriamente los sistemas naturales y sociales “, comentó el Dr. McCarthy. “Incluso entre los miembros del público en general que ya saben acerca de las evidencias del cambio climático y de qué lo está causando, algunos no saben el grado en que muchos científicos del clima están preocupados por los riesgos de cambios climáticos posiblemente rápidos y bruscos – eso es algo a lo que estamos dedicados a discutir con los diversos públicos, desde los líderes empresariales y expertos financieros hasta los tomadores de decisiones en todos los ámbitos de la vida.”
The environment, climate change and the management of natural resources have been taking centre stage with policy-makers and governments in Southeast Asia. It is now recognized that environmental degradation cannot continue unabated over the long term. It is already affecting countries, their economies and communities
“State of socio-economic research on climate change and policy implications in the Philippines” presented by Mercedita A. Sombilla, SEARCA at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
pursuing sustainable planetary prosperity chapter 18 US-China 2022Michael P Totten
China and the U.S. are the two largest consuming nations, their combined gross do- mestic products (GDPs) comprising one third of global GDP. The two nations consume one quarter of world natural gas and one third of world oil production, and produce nearly two thirds of world coal. The two nations are also the planet’s largest CO2 emitters, jointly releasing nearly half of the world total.
Business-as-usual scenarios are insufficient to address the acute sustainability challenges that both nations – as well as the community of nations
– are facing. However, collaboration in pursuing solutions through unprecedented statesmanship, leadership and technological advances will simultaneously provide national and global sustainability solutions.
Joint initiatives are in both of our nations’ enlightened self interest – from immediate and sustained economic and environmental gains to long-term well being and prosperity of our peoples – and will make a major, essential contribution to finding global solutions to the devastating risks facing hu- manity and the biosphere.
Presentation of "Managing Drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of Nat...NENAwaterscarcity
Presentation of "Managing Drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of National Drought Policy"
Dr. Donald A. Wilhite
Faculty of Applied Climate Science
School of Natural Resources
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
FAO Near East Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt, 1 March 2015
Climate change is currently threatening the livelihoods of millions of people by altering the natural and physical
assets they rely on. The challenge for adaptation technologies is to deal with the potential for future
changes whilst being resilient to climate variability. Uncertainty about how climate change will manifest in a precise location requires cautions when selecting a
technological solution to avoid locking a community to an unsuitable technology.
Israel is recognized as being at the forefront of high-tech innovation, backed by a highly educated and creative
workforce and a sound infrastructure. The Israeli industry is always breaching for newer and innovative technologies.
Today Israel has about 350 cleantech companies and they are developing and growing constantly. In the following publication a review of the different adaptation technologies offered by Israeli industry will be outlined
by sectors and numerous subsectors.
Climate Change And Water Crisis- Obstacle for the sustainable environment. Climate change is a complex problem that has increased the need for an integrated, multi-sectorial and multidisciplinary response. Apart from the normal water domain, decision-makers in other spheres (finance, trade, energy, housing, regional planning, agriculture) must use and consume water efficiently. Sustainable management and development of water resources will play a pivotal role in preparing societies’ ability to adapt to climate change in order to increase resilience and achieve development goals.
The seminar report aims to draw attention to the critical importance of better water resources management in adapting to climate change and gives reasons why it should be systematically integrated into national plans and international investment.
• Find out causes of climate change and its impact on the water crisis.
• Water sources and demand of water.
• Actions to improve the ability to understand impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation to climate change in the water sector;
• Actions were taken to enhance informed decisions on adaptation planning, measures, and action.
Climate change impacts on animal health and vector borne diseasesILRI
Presentation by Bernard Bett and Delia Grace at a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) climate change technical officers' meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 1 April 2014.
Lecture at the University of Oulu, Finland October 30, 2018, in short course on climate change, weather and health. The University is a WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Change, Environment and Public Health.
Drought refers to a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. A drought can last for several months or years. Sometimes, droughts are declared for a full district for a few years.
It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region and harm to the local life and economy. This module highlights the basics of climatic drought.
17 de marzo 2014 – (Washington, D.C.) La Asociación Americana para el Avance de la Ciencia (AAAS, por sus siglas en inglés) anuncia el lanzamiento de una nueva iniciativa para expandir el diálogo sobre los riesgos del cambio climático. El elemento central de la iniciativa es el informe de la AAAS “Lo que sabemos (–What we know)”, una evaluación actual de la ciencia del clima y los impactos que hacen hincapié en la necesidad de comprender e identificar posibles escenarios de alto riesgo.
“Somos la mayor sociedad científica en el mundo, y por lo tanto creemos que tenemos la obligación de informar al público y a los responsables de tomar decisiones sobre lo que la ciencia está mostrando sobre cualquier tema en la vida moderna, y el clima está particularmente presionando”, comentó el Dr. Alan Leshner, director ejecutivo de la AAAS. “Al ser la voz de la comunidad científica, tenemos que compartir lo que sabemos y llevar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones a la mesa para discutir cómo hacer frente a este problema.”
El Dr. Mario Molina laureado del Premio Nobel, distinguido profesor del Departamento de Química y Bioquímica de la Universidad de California, San Diego y la Institución Scripps de Oceanografía y los co-dirigentes, la Dra. Diana Wall, Profesora Distinguida de Biología de la Universidad Estatal de Colorado, Escuela de Sustentabilidad Ambiental Mundial y el Dr. James McCarthy, Profesor Alexander Agassiz de Oceanografía Biológica en la Universidad de Harvard, presidieron el panel de la ciencia climática que elaboró el informe. Ellos, junto con los 10 panelistas que abarcan especialidades de ciencias del clima, participarán en la iniciativa de diversas maneras, desde ofrecer eventos y testimonios en un sitio web interactivo que estará disponible próximamente, hasta compartir conocimientos con otros profesionales. La iniciativa alienta a los estadounidenses a pensar en el cambio climático como un tema de gestión de riesgos; el panel tiene como objetivo aclarar y contextualizar la ciencia para que el público y los tomadores de decisiones puedan ser adecuadamente informados sobre los riesgos y las posibles maneras de manejarlos.
“Este nuevo esfuerzo pretende afirmar de manera muy clara la evidencia excepcionalmente fuerte que el clima de la Tierra está cambiando, y que el futuro cambio climático puede afectar seriamente los sistemas naturales y sociales “, comentó el Dr. McCarthy. “Incluso entre los miembros del público en general que ya saben acerca de las evidencias del cambio climático y de qué lo está causando, algunos no saben el grado en que muchos científicos del clima están preocupados por los riesgos de cambios climáticos posiblemente rápidos y bruscos – eso es algo a lo que estamos dedicados a discutir con los diversos públicos, desde los líderes empresariales y expertos financieros hasta los tomadores de decisiones en todos los ámbitos de la vida.”
The environment, climate change and the management of natural resources have been taking centre stage with policy-makers and governments in Southeast Asia. It is now recognized that environmental degradation cannot continue unabated over the long term. It is already affecting countries, their economies and communities
Climate Change - Impacts and Humanitarian ImplicationsCharles Ehrhart
Climate change: impacts and humanitarian implications. Presentation at the Dubai International Humanitarian Aid & Development Conference (DIHAD), April 2009.
Global Climate Change, Energy & Health: Foreboding Clouds & Silver LiningsOmar Ha-Redeye
Global Climate Change, Energy & Health: Foreboding Clouds & Silver Linings
Talk by Jonathan Patz, MD, MPH
of the Nelson Institute & Dept. Population Health Sciences at the University of Wisconsin - Madison at the 16th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine on May 12, 2009.
Reproduced here with the author's permission.
From the link between worsening air quality and increasing respiratory illness- to the damage of increasingly powerful storms on healthcare facilities- to the link between a rapidly warming Earth and infectious diseases- to the negative effects on mental health, the changing climate is affecting humanity. Join Kimberley for an evidence-based overview of the topic to learn more about current challenges, what needs to be done to best meet changing needs, which groups are most impacted, and how some groups are approaching those challenges.
THE THREATS OF EXTINCTION TO HUMANITY BY HUMAN BEINGS THEMSELVES AND HOW TO A...Faga1939
This article aims to present how to overcome the threats to the extinction of humanity caused by human beings that concern global climate change, pandemics and the outbreak of the 3rd World War. Extreme heat is one of the leading causes of climate-related death that is already occurring in many parts of the world. Vector-borne diseases, reduced food availability and water shortages may occur as a result of climate change. Climate change causes changes in temperature, precipitation and humidity, and as a result, increases the risk of disease transmission. Air pollution is today one of the main health risk factors, leading to significant increases in mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Global warming and climate change threaten the survival of humanity, making it essential to build a new model of society based on the sustainable development model. In addition to adopting measures to protect forests and combat the exploitation of wild species to avoid new pandemics, it is urgent to develop and produce vaccines capable of immunizing the population against new viruses and new bacteria. It is necessary to avoid the proliferation of wars in the world and the outbreak of the 3rd World War which could result in the use of nuclear weapons by the contenders and could lead to the extinction of the human species. To avoid the proliferation of wars in the world and the outbreak of the 3rd World War, a democratic world government must be established that will be elected by the world parliament to be formed with the participation of countries around the world.
Environmental degradation and it’s consequent effects by Green YatraGreen Yatra
The effect of Environmental degradation can seriously disrupt the balance of nature Pesticides can damage crops, Some pollutants can get into our systems indirectly from eating vegetables grown in contaminated soil. Reduced aesthetic appeal.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
1. Health Impacts of Global Warming: Warmer and Sicker? Focus the Nation National Teach-In at Lehman College, City University of New York (CUNY) January 31, 2008 Prof. Juliana Maantay, Environmental, Geographic, and Geological Sciences Dept.
2.
3. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere, causing it to warm up. The greenhouse gases shown here are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These gases account for 98% of the greenhouse effect. The territories that emit the most greenhouse gases are the United States, China, the Russian Federation and Japan. However, the most emissions per person are in Qatar: equivalent to 86 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. Qatar has significant oil and gas reserves, and in 2002 was populated by 600,000 people. Territory size shows the proportion, by their global warming potential, of all greenhouse gas emissions that come from there.
4.
5. The Ethical Dimensions of Global Climate Change The two world maps schematically represent the contribution of different nations to global warming, as measured in atmospheric carbon output (top) and the health effects of global warming as measured in mortality for diseases and other effects of a warming world climate (bottom). The effort to compare and contrast such measures is one way to illustrate the ethical dimensions of global climate change. (Credit: Jeff Miller, Image courtesy of University of Wisconsin-Madison) Data Source: University of Wisconsin-Madison (2007, November 12). Health Toll Of Climate Change Seen As Ethical Crisis . ScienceDaily . TOP MAP: Carbon Output (in billions of tons of carbon) BOTTOM MAP: Health effects of global warming (in mortality per million people)
6. Data Source: “ Global Warming: A MindMapper’s Guide to the Science and Solutions ,” by Sharon Gennovese Mental Map of Global Warming Impacts
7.
8. Potential Health Impacts from Global Climate Change Heat Waves More heat-related deaths and illnesses; Air Pollution Aggravation of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases from worsening air quality; Terrestrial Changes Risk of infectious diseases because of new geographic ranges and activity of disease- carrying animals, insects, and infective parasites; Altered Marine Ecology Changes in incidence of cholera and food poisoning from toxic algae; Storms Deaths and injuries from storms and floods and intestinal illnesses from flooding of sewage treatment plants; Droughts Rising malnutrition in some places; Population Displacement Injuries and increased risk of disease and conflict due to migration and crowding; Saltwater Encroachment in Greater risk of intestinal illnesses from inadequate Coastal Aquifers water supplies.
9.
10.
11. ing Numbers derived from averages from three models -- United Kingdom Meteorological Model, Global Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Model, and Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Model. Population and metropolitan areas standardized to current levels. Lives spared due to warmer winters estimated to be negligible. Adapted from Laurence S. Kalkstein and J. Scott Greene. Projections of Heat Wave Deaths Due to Global Warming 185.3 160 79 St. Louis,MO 79.7 54 39 Pittsburgh,PA 174.7 129.3 59 Minneapolis,MN 127.3 115 49 Kansas City,MO 70 55.7 36 Indianapolis,IN 219 162.7 110 Detroit,MI 52.3 39 29 Cleveland,OH 497.3 400.7 191 Chicago,IL 55.3 34.3 33 Buffalo, NY 2050 *CLIMATE AVERAGE DEATHS 2020 *CLIMATE AVERAGE DEATHS CURRENT DEATHS IN PRESENT CLIMATE CITY
15. Data Source: United Nations Environmental Programme – GRID-Arendal Sea Level Rise / Flooding
16. Data Source: Department of Geosciences, Environmental Studies Lab – University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Sea-Level Rise / Flooding
17. 3 meter sea level rise; Population: 1,537,195 Data Source: USGS 10M NED Maps are based on LIDAR data, USGS 10m NED. Maps are illustrative; areas in blue depict various potential inundation scenarios. Map accuracy is dependent on the accuracy of the geospatial data. Data source: Architecture 2030 Sea Level Rise / Flooding
18. Health-Related Impacts of Floods Data Source: US EPA, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, 2000, “ Potential Health Impacts from Global Climate Change ” Data Source: Maantay, J.A.and Maroko, A., Dasymetric Mapping of Urban Population to Analyze Flood Hazard and Environmental Justice in New York City , Applied Geography , forthcoming, 2008. Map by A.R. Maroko.
19. Health-Related Impacts of Floods Data Source: Maantay, J.A., Maroko, Andrew, and Culp, Gretchen, Using Geographic Information Science to Estimate Vulnerable Urban Populations for Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment in New York City, in Showalter, P., and Lu, Y. eds., Geotechnical Contributions to Urban Hazard and Disaster Analysis, forthcoming, 2008. Map by G. Culp
20. Climate-Sensitive Diseases Vector-borne diseases – mosquitoes, ticks, rats and other vermin: Malaria, West Nile virus, Dengue Fever, Lyme disease, Encephalitis. Allergens - Pollen , another air contaminant, is likely to increase as temperatures and carbon dioxide levels rise. A doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels stimulated ragweed-pollen production by more than 50 percent, a study showed. In another, ragweed grew faster, flowered earlier and produced significantly more pollen in urban locations. Heavier rainfall – water-borne diseases Climate-change projections show an increase in the intensity of rainstorms, which create opportunities for pathogens to move around, such as Salmonella, Cholera, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, E. coli infection, Dysentery, Typhoid.
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22. Temperature and Malaria Data Source: US EPA, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, 2000, “ Potential Health Impacts from Global Climate Change ”
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24. West Nile Virus in Metro New York – Characterizing the Mosquito Vector Habitat Culex mosquito laying eggs
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26. Water Quality – Deaths from Cholera Cholera deaths result from severe dehydration caused by diarrhoea. This is treatable: in 2004 the number of cholera deaths was only 2.5% of the number of cholera cases that year.. Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide deaths from cholera that occurred there in 2004 or most recent year available.
27. Water Shortages / Water Depletion This map shows those territories that use much of their internal water resources, measured with a threshold of people using more than 10% of renewable water resources. Each territory is resized based on the volume of water used beyond 10%. Territory size shows the proportion of all water used that is more than 10% of the renewable internal freshwater resources of that territory
29. Air Quality – Acute Episodes of Air Pollution (Killer Smog) Data Source: US EPA, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, 2000, “ Potential Health Impacts from Global Climate Change”
30. Particulates are dusts under 10 microns in diameter. They are linked to cardiopulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory infections. Their main sources are fossil-fuel power plants, vehicles, heating systems and industrial processes. Mapped is a measure of the costs of improving air quality to prevent avoidable deaths attributed to particulate emissions.. Territory size shows the proportion of all particulate damage there. This is measured as the estimated cost to pay to avoid deaths caused by particulates there. Air Quality - Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) Damage
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32. Air Quality – Asthma in the Bronx, New York City Annual Emissions of Major Pollutants From Large Stationary Point Sources in the Bronx, 2002, National Emission Inventory (NEI) Database NO x PM 10 SO 2 VOC CO PM 2.5 NH 3 Tons
33. Air Quality – Asthma in the Bronx, New York City Data Sources, Previous Slide, from upper left, clockwise: (1) US EPA NEI, chart by J.C. Saborio, Lehman College Urban GISc Lab; (2) NYS SPARCS Data, Map by J.A. Maantay, Lehman College Urban GISc Lab; (3) NYC DOH, Graph by J.C. Saborio/A.R. Maroko, all in: GIS for the Urban Environment , Maantay and Ziegler, 2006, ESRI Press, Redlands, CA. Data Source: NYC DOH, 2003, Asthma Facts, 2nd Edition. Graphs by A. Maroko, Lehman College Urban GISc Lab, in: Maantay, J.A., 2005. Asthma and Air Pollution in the Bronx: Methodological and Data Considerations in Using GIS for Environmental Justice and Health Research , Health and Place , Volume 13, pp. 32-56. Special issue: Linking Population Health, Critical Theory, and Geographical Information Science.
37. Acknowledgements / Data Sources: Support for the Urban GISc Lab’s research on asthma and air pollution in the Bronx; assessing population vulnerability to flood hazard in NYC; characterization of the West Nile Virus vector habitat; and the impacts of air pollution on cardiovascular health has been generously provided by the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) under grant #2 R25 ES01185-05, and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) grant # NA17AE162, as part of NOAA’s Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center (NOAA-CREST). All cartograms courtesy of the WorldMapper project, Daniel Dorling and the WorldMapper team, Centre for Urban and Regional Development Studies & Housing and Society Research Group, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol; Geography Department, University of Sheffield, UK; and University of Michigan, MI, USA.
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39. “ Focus the Nation” National Teach-In on Global Warming Solutions Lehman College, City University of New York Thursday, January 31, 2008 East Dining Room, Music Building 10:45 am - 4:45 pm For more info, call: Environmental, Geographic, and Geological Sciences Department (EGGS) (718) 960-8660 1 10:45 am : “ An Inconvenient Truth,” the Academy Award-winning film. 1:00 pm: Keynote Address. 2:15 – 4:45 pm: Faculty and Guest Speakers on Global Warming Impacts and Solutions for New York City.