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Causes of Inequalities in Health: Socio-economic Status
Inequalities in Health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The following studies into health inequalities have found a  causal  link between  social class  and the  incidence of ill health. The Acheson Report (1998) Reports The Black Report (1980) The Health Divide (1987) Working Together for a Healthier Scotland (1998)
Social Class To understand the link between social class and ill health, we need to be clear what is meant by social class. A person’s social class is based on a mixture of factors: Occupation Income level Housing Education
Registrar General’s Classification of Social Class Unskilled. Cleaner, labourer. Semi-skilled manual. Assembly line worker, builder, lorry driver. Skilled manual: Clerical and minor supervisory. Electrician, mechanic, plumber. Non-manual: Clerical and minor supervisory. Clerk, police officer, shop assistant Lower managerial, administrative, professional. Farmer, librarian, sales manager, teacher. Higher managerial, administrative, professional. Accountant, bank manager, dentist, doctor, solicitor. Categories V IV IIIb IIIa II I Class
The Black Report (1980) Remit ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Black Report (1980) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Black Report (1980) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Black Report (1980) Findings Key causes of inequalities in health were: Low  income Unemployment Sub standard housing Poor environment Poor  education
The Black Report (1980) Recommendations ,[object Object],Government  should adopt a policy: aimed at reducing poverty in the UK of spending  more money on health education and the prevention of Illness.
The Black Report (1980) Reaction by Government ,[object Object],Report did not  explain inequalities  in health. Spending more on  health services would  make no difference to health  standards. Contrary to what the Report said, poor people did use health services.
The Black Report (1980) Took the individualist approach – people should  eat, drink and smoke  less Argued that individual  behaviour within social classes shaped health Regarded the Report  as old-fashioned,  socialist explanations of ill-health They wanted to reduce public  expenditure Government  disagreed Problem was:
The Health Divide (1987) Remit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Health Divide (1987) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Health Divide (1987) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Working Together for a Healthier Scotland”
The Acheson Report (1998) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Acheson Report (1998) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Acheson Report (1998) Findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Acheson Report (1998) Findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Coronary heart disease Strokes Lung cancer Accidents & suicides Respiratory diseases Risk increases Social class I Social class V
Scotland Health Survey 2003

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Inequalities in health - social class

  • 1. Causes of Inequalities in Health: Socio-economic Status
  • 2.
  • 3. The following studies into health inequalities have found a causal link between social class and the incidence of ill health. The Acheson Report (1998) Reports The Black Report (1980) The Health Divide (1987) Working Together for a Healthier Scotland (1998)
  • 4. Social Class To understand the link between social class and ill health, we need to be clear what is meant by social class. A person’s social class is based on a mixture of factors: Occupation Income level Housing Education
  • 5. Registrar General’s Classification of Social Class Unskilled. Cleaner, labourer. Semi-skilled manual. Assembly line worker, builder, lorry driver. Skilled manual: Clerical and minor supervisory. Electrician, mechanic, plumber. Non-manual: Clerical and minor supervisory. Clerk, police officer, shop assistant Lower managerial, administrative, professional. Farmer, librarian, sales manager, teacher. Higher managerial, administrative, professional. Accountant, bank manager, dentist, doctor, solicitor. Categories V IV IIIb IIIa II I Class
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. The Black Report (1980) Findings Key causes of inequalities in health were: Low income Unemployment Sub standard housing Poor environment Poor education
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. The Black Report (1980) Took the individualist approach – people should eat, drink and smoke less Argued that individual behaviour within social classes shaped health Regarded the Report as old-fashioned, socialist explanations of ill-health They wanted to reduce public expenditure Government disagreed Problem was:
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. “ Working Together for a Healthier Scotland”
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.