The health care system in India consists of organizations at the central, state, and local levels. At the central level, the key organizations are the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Directorate General of Health Services, and the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The Ministry has three departments and is responsible for policymaking, planning, and coordinating nationwide health programs. It is supported by the Directorate General of Health Services, which provides technical guidance. States have their own health systems and are responsible for implementation, while districts and local levels provide services. Healthcare spending in India was about 5% of GDP in 2013 and is growing rapidly driven by increases in public and private expenditures.
Primary health centers are the corner stone of rural health services .
It act as a referral unit for 6 sub centers and refer out cases to CHCs.
It covers a population of 30,000 in plain area and 20,000 in hilly and tribal area.
There are 4-6 beds for patients and some diagnostic facilities are also available.
Primary health centers are the corner stone of rural health services .
It act as a referral unit for 6 sub centers and refer out cases to CHCs.
It covers a population of 30,000 in plain area and 20,000 in hilly and tribal area.
There are 4-6 beds for patients and some diagnostic facilities are also available.
India, evolved a NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY in 1983 till 2002. The policy stress on PREVENTIVE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND REHABILITATION ASPECTS OF HEALTHCARE. It also focus on need of establishing primary health care to reach in the remote area of the country.
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses
its two Sub-Missions, the National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health
Mission (NUHM). The main programmatic
components include Health system strengthening
in rural and urban areas, ReproductiveMaternal-Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health
(RMNCH+A) and Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases. The NHM envisages
achievement of universal access to equitable,
affordable & quality healthcare services that are
accountable and responsive to people’s needs.
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providersHarsh Rastogi
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providers
Mid-level health providers (MLHPs) are health workers trained at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years.
MLHP is a health provider who:
Who is trained, authorized and regulated to work autonomously,
Who receives pre-service training at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years, and
Whose scope of practice includes (but is not restricted to) being able to diagnose, manage and treat illness, disease and impairments (including perform surgery, where appropriately trained), prescribe medicines, as well as engage in preventive and promotive care.
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
India, evolved a NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY in 1983 till 2002. The policy stress on PREVENTIVE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND REHABILITATION ASPECTS OF HEALTHCARE. It also focus on need of establishing primary health care to reach in the remote area of the country.
Unit:-2. Health and welfare committeesSMVDCoN ,J&K
Various committees of experts have been appointed by the government from time to time to render advice about different health problems. The reports of these committees have formed an important basis of health planning in India. The goal of National Health Planning in India is to attain Health for all by the year 2000.
The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses
its two Sub-Missions, the National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health
Mission (NUHM). The main programmatic
components include Health system strengthening
in rural and urban areas, ReproductiveMaternal-Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health
(RMNCH+A) and Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases. The NHM envisages
achievement of universal access to equitable,
affordable & quality healthcare services that are
accountable and responsive to people’s needs.
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providersHarsh Rastogi
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providers
Mid-level health providers (MLHPs) are health workers trained at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years.
MLHP is a health provider who:
Who is trained, authorized and regulated to work autonomously,
Who receives pre-service training at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years, and
Whose scope of practice includes (but is not restricted to) being able to diagnose, manage and treat illness, disease and impairments (including perform surgery, where appropriately trained), prescribe medicines, as well as engage in preventive and promotive care.
Ayushman bharat what an why ..we must know this programme it is important for all doctors and nurses and others...very important for MBBS students also
India is a union of 29 states and 7 union territories. Under the constitution of India, the states are largely independent in matters relating to the delivery of health care to the people. Each state, therefore, has developed its own system of health care delivery, independent of the central Government. The central responsibility consists mainly of policy making, planning, guiding, assisting, evaluating and coordinating the work of the State Health Ministries, so that health services cover every part of the country, and no State lags behind for want of these services
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING...Kailash Nagar
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion...Kailash Nagar
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion on Respiratory Assessment in Terms of Knowledge and Critical Thinking Abilities Among Nursing Students
Perception and Behavioural Outcome towards COVID-19 Vaccine among Students an...Kailash Nagar
ntroduction: Perception and behaviour towards corona vaccine among peoples in India was poor due to some side effects and negative media publicity in primary phases of vaccination. India has developed two types of vaccine (Covaxin and Covishield). During primary phase of corona vaccine we don’t have appropriate research and literature, about side effects and how far vaccine is reliable that why due so some minor side effect and negative media publicity peoples are very scared to take vaccine. So few peoples were started denial get vaccinated. The researcher wan to explore the positivity through the research result to reduce the negative mindset of the peoples toward corona vaccine, Because in India few peoples has fear to take vaccine against corona due to negative media publicity and scared of side effect.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
1. 1
SMCH/HCDS/07: Health Care System In India at Central Level
Quadrant-I
Personal Details
Role Name Affiliation
Principal Investigator Prof. CP Mishra Department of Community Medicine, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi
Paper Coordinator Prof. Najam Khalique Department of Community Medicine, J N
Medical College, AMU, Aligarh
Content Writer Dr. M. Salman Shah Assistant Professor
Department of Community Medicine, J N
Medical College, AMU, Aligarh
Content Reviewer Dr. A. J Abedi Department of Community Medicine, J N
Medical College, AMU, Aligarh
Description of Module
Items Description of Module
Subject name Social Medicine & Community Health
Paper name Health Care Delivery System
Module name/Title Health Care System In India at Central Level
Module Id SMCH/HCDS/07
Pre-requisites Understanding of organisations in general terms
Objectives
To understand organisation and functioning of health care system at
central level.
Keywords
Director General Health Services, Family welfare, Indian System of
Medicine and Homeopathy,
2. 2
Introduction
The Health care system constitutes the management sector and involves organizational matters. It
operates in the context of the socio economic and political framework of the country.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this module, the reader should be able to:
Mention the sectors providing healthcare in India.
Give synoptic view of Health System in India.
Describe health care organization at national level.
State funding of health care.
Provide an overview of at central level health care set up and organization.
Main Text
1. Overview of sectors providing healthcare in India.
In India it is represented by five major sectors or agencies.
1.1.Public health sectors
(a) Primary Health Care
Primary health centres
Sub-centres
(b) Hospitals/health centres
Community health centres
Rural hospitals
District hospitals/health centres
Specialist hospitals
Teaching hospitals
(c) Health Insurance Scheme
Employees State insurance
Central Government Health Scheme
(d) Other Agencies
Defence services
Railways
1.2.Private sector
(a) Private Hospitals, polyclinics, Nursing homes, and dispensaries
(b) General practitioners and clinics
3. 3
1.3.Indigenous system of medicine
Ayurveda and Siddha
Unani and Tibbi
Homeopathy
Unregistered practitioners
1.4.Voluntary health agencies
1.5.National health programmes (1)
Healthcare is one of India's largest service sectors. The Indian healthcare sector can be viewed as a glass
half empty or a glass half full. The challenges the sector faces are substantial, from the need to reduce
mortality rates, improve physical infrastructure, necessity to provide health insurance, ensuring
availability of trained medical personnel etc. (2)
In India Public and Private sector provides health care of primary to tertiary level to the
patients/community through various kind of set up. Approximately 70% patients are getting services from
private sector while remaining 30% patients are getting services from Govt. sector.(3)
Structure and Organization
Under the Indian Constitution, health is a state subject. Each state therefore has its own healthcare
delivery system in which both public and private (for profit as well as non-profit) actors operate. While
states are responsible for the functioning of their respective healthcare systems, certain responsibilities
also fall on the federal (Central) government, namely aspects of policy-making, planning, guiding,
assisting, evaluating and coordinating the work of various provincial health authorities and providing
funding to implement national programmes (2)
5. 5
2. Synoptic view of health system in India (3)
3.Health care organization at the national level
Health system at the national level consists of:
3.1.The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare;
3.2.The Directorate General of Health Services; and
3.3The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. (3)
The organization at the national level consists of the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The
Ministry has three departments, viz. –
Department of Health & Family Welfare,
Department of Indian system of Medicine and Homeopathy
Department of Health Research.
National
Level
•Ministry of health and family welfare
States and
union
territories
•Department of health and family welfare
District
Level
•District health organisation
•private sector, voluntary sector
Sub
district
level
•Community health centres
Village
Level
•Primaryhealth centres
Periphery
level
•SC, Village health guide, trained dai.
6. 6
Each of these departments is headed by respective secretaries to Govt. of India. The department of Health
& Family Welfare is supported by a technical wing, the Directorate General of Health Services, headed
by Director General of Health Services(DGHS).(4)
7. 7
3.1.Union ministry of health and family welfare
Headed by a cabinet Minister, a Minister of State and Deputy Health Minister.
The Ministry has three departments, viz. – Health, Family Welfare, and Indian System of
Medicine and Homeopathy, headed by two Secretaries, one for Health and Family Welfare and
the other for ISM and H.
The department of Health is supported by a technical wing, the Directorate General of Health
Services, headed by Director General of Health Services (DGHS).
According to India’s Constitution, services are divided into “lists” which specify who is responsible for
them and empowered to pass legislation on them:
1) The Union list for the Central (federal) government,
2) The State list,
3) And the Concurrent List for tasks deemed the shared responsibility of the Central and State
governments.
Union laws override those made by the states for items in the concurrent list.
The health-related provisions in the union list relate to port quarantine, research, and scientific and
technical education. The concurrent list includes ‘prevention of the extension from one State to another of
infectious or contagious diseases or pests’, and other issues with wider national ramifications such as food
and drugs, family planning, medical education, and vital statistics. All other public health and
environmental sanitation services are supposed to be the exclusive responsibility of states. However, the
center exercises a great deal of power through fiscal control. (3)
Functions
The functions of the union Health Ministry are under
(a) Union list:
a. International health relations and administration of port quarantine
b. Administration of Central institutes such as the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public
Health, Kolkata;
c. Promotion of research through research centers and other bodies
d. Regulation and development of medical,
e. Establishment and maintenance of drug standards
f. Census, and collection and publication of other statistical data
g. Immigration and emigration
h. Regulation of labour
i. Coordination with States and with other ministries for promotion of health.
(b) Concurrent list: Functions listed under the concurrent list are responsibility of both the Union and
State governments. The Centre and the States have simultaneous powers of legislation: The concurrent
list includes:
a. Prevention of extension of communicable diseases from one unit to another
b. Prevention of adulteration of foodstuffs
c. Control of drugs and poisons
d. Vital statistics
e. Labour Welfare
f. Ports other than major
g. Economic and social planning, and
h. Population control and Family Planning.(3)
8. 8
Department of Health:
Headed by a secretary to the Government of India as its executive head, assisted by joint
secretaries, deputy secretaries and a large administrative staff.
Deals with medical & public health maters including drugs control & prevention of food
adulteration.
The MoHFW’s Department of Health is supported in its work by a vast network of autonomous research
and training institutions, which are spread all over the country but administratively under the central
government. These include the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (Delhi), which was set up as
a center for disease control; the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (New Delhi), several apex and
regional training institutes, and specialized institutions such as the Central Food Laboratory and Central
Drugs Laboratory. It also includes the Indian Council of Medical Research, which is headquartered in
New Delhi and has 6 Regional Medical Research Centers, and over 20 specialized research institutions
and laboratories across the country. The Department of Family Welfare is supported by another network
of institutions, and 18 research centers across the country. Besides these, the work of the MoHFW is
supported by institutions run by other bodies, such as the central government’s Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research which has institutions specialized in drug research and environmental engineering (3)
Department of Family Welfare:
The Department of Family Welfare was created in 1966. Assisted by an Additional
Secretary & Commissioner (Family Welfare), and one Joint Secretary.
Oversees the implementation of programs concerning family welfare & MCH.
It has the following technical divisions:
i. Programme appraisal & special schemes
ii. Technical operations
iii. MCH
iv. Evaluation & intelligence
v. Nirodh marketing
vi. Transport
vii. UIP
viii. Area project
ix. Mass education & media (3)
Department of ISM & H:
Established in March 95.
The main areas of its functioning are:
i. Education
ii. Standardization of drugs
iii. Enhancement of availability of raw materials
iv. Research & development
v. IEC
vi. Mainstreaming ISM & H in health care (3)
3.2.Directorate general of health services
9. 9
Organization: The Director General of Health Services is the principal adviser to the Union
Government in both medical and public health matters. He is assisted by an additional
Director General of Health Services, a team of deputies and a large administrative staff. The
Directorate comprises of three main units, e.g., medical care and hospitals, public health and
general administration.
Functions:
A. The GENERAL functions are surveys, planning, coordination, programming
and appraisal of all health matters in the country.
B. The SPECIFIC functions are
i. International health relations and quarantine
ii. Control of drug standards: The Drugs Control Organization is headed by the Drugs
Controller.
iii. Medical store depots: These depots supply the civil medical requirements of the Central
Government and of the various State Governments.
iv. Post graduate training: The Directorate General of Health Services is responsible for the
administration of national institutes. Some of these institutes are:- the all India Institute of
Hygiene and Public Health at Kolkata, All India Institute of Mental Health at Bangalore,
College of Nursing at Delhi.
v. Medical education: The Central Directorate is directly in charge of the following medical
colleges at Pondicherry, and Goa.
vi. Medical Research: Medical Research in the country is organized largely through the
Indian Council of Medical Research,
vii. Central Govt. Health Scheme:
viii. National Health Programmes:
ix. Central Health Education Bureau: An outstanding activity of this bureau is the
preparation of education material for creating health awareness among the people.
x. Health Intelligence: The Central Bureau of Health Intelligence was established in 1961 to
centralize collection, compilation, analysis, evaluation and dissemination of all
information on health statistics for the nation as a whole. The Bureau has an
Epidemiological Unit, a Health Economics Unit, a National Morbidity Survey Unit and a
Manpower Cell.
xi. National Medical Library: The aim is to help in the advancement of medical, health and
related sciences by collection, dissemination and exchange of information.(3)
3.3.Central council of health
Union Health Minister is the Chairman and the State Health Ministers are the members.
Functions:
i. To consider and recommend broad outlines of policy in regard to provision of
remedial and preventive care, environmental hygiene, nutrition, health education
and the promotion of facilities for training and research.
ii. To make proposals for legislation in medical and public health matters.
iii. To make recommendations to the Central Government regarding distribution of
available grants-in-aid for health purpose to the States and to review periodically
the work accomplished in different areas through the utilisation of these grants-
in-aid.
10. 10
iv. To establish any organization or organizations invested with appropriate
functions for promoting and maintaining cooperation between the Central and
State Health administrations.
4.Funding of health care
Spending on health care in India was an estimated five percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013
and is expected to remain at that level through 2016.Total health care spending in local-currency terms is
projected to rise at an annual rate of over 12 percent, from an estimated $96.3 billion in 2013 to $195.7
billion in 2018.While this rapid growth rate will reflect high inflation, it will also be driven by increasing
public and private expenditures on health.(5)
5.Health care setup at central level
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi
CABINET MINISTER
And STATE MINISTERS (one or two)
ADMINISTRATORS
(IAS OFFICERS CADER)
Principal secretary Health & Family Welfare
HEALTH FAMILY
WELFARE
Secretary Secretary
Joint Secretary Joint Secretary
Deputy Secretary Deputy Secretary
Under Secretary Under Secretary
TECHNICAL EXPERTS
1.DIRECTOR GENERAL
Health Services
HEALTH FAMILY
WELFARE
Director Director
Deputy Director Deputy Director
Joint Director Joint Director
Summary:
The Health care system constitutes the management sector and involves organizational matters. It
operates in the context of the socio economic and political framework of the country. In India it is
represented by five major sectors or agencies.
Health system at the national level consists of- The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; The
Directorate General of Health Services; and The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare. The
organization at the national level consists of the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The
Ministry has three departments, viz. Department of Health & Family Welfare; Department of Indian
system of Medicine and Homeopathy; Department of Health Research. Each of these departments is
headed by respective secretaries to Govt. of India. The department of Health & Family Welfare is
11. 11
supported by a technical wing, the Directorate General of Health Services, headed by Director General of
Health Services (DGHS).
At the central level mainly planning & policy making is done whereas the state & districts helps in the
implementation of policies as well as provides feedback to the higher level for further revisions.
References:
1. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, K. Park, 23rd
edition, Page number 902.
2. India’s Healthcare System Overview and Quality Improvement, Swedish Agency for Growth
Policy Analysis, Direct response 2013:04.
3. Post Graduate Certificate Course in Health System and Management, 2013, Module 2: Chapter
6.A INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH SYSTEM IN INDIA - GOVERNMENT SET – UP,
IAPSM Gujarat Chapter.
4. Organization of Health Care in India, Leo S. Vaz.
5. Industry Report, Healthcare: India, The Economist Intelligence Unit, July 2014.