Family Life Education....R Abdullah Azad and Leena

1 | S o c i a l i z a t i o n SOCIALIZATION Learning Outcomes At the end of this chapter you will be able to do the following. Define socialization. Compare nature and nurture as socialization influences. Identify agents and agencies of socialization. Evaluate the study of cases of feral children in terms of their importance to our knowledge of socialization. Recall and define the steps in determining a self-concept. Evaluate Dramaturgy for its application to every day life. WHAT IS SOCIALIZATION? Socialization is the process by which people learn characteristics of their group’s norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. Through socialization we learn the culture of the society into which we have been born. In the course of this process, a personality develops. A personality is comprised of patterns of behavior and ways of thinking and feeling that are distinctive for each individual. Babies are not born with the social or emotional tools needed to contribute to society as properly functioning social actors. They have to learn all the nuances of proper behavior, how to meet expectations for what is expected of them, and everything else needed to become members of society. As newborns interact with family and friends they learn the expectations of their society (family, community, state, and nation). From the first moments of life, children begin a process of socialization wherein parents, family, and friends establish an infant’s social construction of reality, or what people define as real because of their background assumptions and life experiences with others. An average U.S. child’s social construction of reality includes knowledge that he or she belongs, and can depend on others to meet his or her needs. It also includes the privileges and obligations that accompany membership in his or her family and community. In a typical set of social circumstances, children grow up through a predictable set of life stages: infancy, preschool, K-12 school years, young adulthood, adulthood, middle adulthood, and finally later-life adulthood. Most will leave home as young adults, find a spouse or life partner in their mid-to late 20s and work in a job for pay. 2 | S o c i a l i z a t i o n THREE LEVELS OF SOCIALIZATION When discussing the average U.S. child, most agree that the most imperative socialization takes place early in life and in identifiable levels. Primary socialization typically begins at birth and moves forward until the beginning of the school years. Primary socialization includes all the ways the newborn is molded into a social being capable of interacting in and meeting the expectations of society. Most primary socialization is facilitated by the family, friends, day care, and to a certain degree various forms of media. Children watch about three hours of TV per day (by the time the average child attends kindergarten she has watched about 5,000 hours of TV.

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