To argue whether school organisation has the characteristics of social system or natural system. Based on theoretical explanations we come to the conclusion: school organization is considered both as social system and natural system as it provides for societal needs (educating function) and at the same time it is a natural bureaucratic entity as it fulfills the needs of its organizational members
To argue whether school organisation has the characteristics of social system or natural system. Based on theoretical explanations we come to the conclusion: school organization is considered both as social system and natural system as it provides for societal needs (educating function) and at the same time it is a natural bureaucratic entity as it fulfills the needs of its organizational members
Experimentalism believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the view that reality is what works right now and that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to discover and expand the society we live in. Students study social experiences and solve problems.
Experimentalism believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the view that reality is what works right now and that goodness comes from group decisions. As a result, schools exist to discover and expand the society we live in. Students study social experiences and solve problems.
Learning
Learning can be defined in many ways, but most psychologists would agree that it is a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience. During the first half of the twentieth century, the school of thought known as behaviorism rose to dominate psychology and sought to explain the learning process.
The three major types of learning described by behavioral psychology are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
Behaviorism
Behaviorism was the school of thought in psychology that sought to measure only observable behaviors.
Founded by John B. Watson and outlined in his seminal 1913 paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, the behaviorist standpoint held that psychology was an experimental and objective science and that internal mental processes should not be considered because they could not be directly observed and measured.
Watson's work included the famous Little Albert experiment in which he conditioned a small child to fear a white rat. Behaviorism dominated psychology for much of the early twentieth century. While behavioral approaches remain important today, the latter part of the century was marked by the emergence of humanistic psychology, biological psychology, and cognitive psychology.Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process in which an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response.
For example, in Pavlov's classic experiment, the smell of food was the naturally occurring stimulus that was paired with the previously neutral ringing of the bell. Once an association had been made between the two, the sound of the bell alone could lead to a response.
How Classical Conditioning Works
Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a learning process in which the probability of a response occurring is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment. First studied by Edward Thorndike and later by B.F. Skinner, the underlying idea behind operant conditioning is that the consequences of our actions shape voluntary behavior.
Skinner described how reinforcement could lead to increases in behaviors where punishment would result in decreases. He also found that the timing of when reinforcements were delivered influenced how quickly a behavior was learned and how strong the response would be. The timing and rate of reinforcement are known as schedules of reinforcement.
How Operant Conditioning Works
Observational Learning
Observational learning is a process in which learning occurs through observing and imitating others. Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests that in addition to learning through conditioning, people also learn through observing and imitating the actions of others.As demonstrated in his classic "Bobo Doll" experiments, people will imitate the actions of others without direct reinforcement. Four important elements are essential for effective observational
Functions of socialization, types of socialization and institutes of socialization. Family, Peer group, School, The work place, Religion and Mass media.
Educational Shift Happens by Nick Page.
This was presented on 03 March 2010 at 'Building Spaces for the Future' an event drawing on recent research by Futurelab about young people’s view of what learning spaces should look like in the future to offer practical support to Local Authorities, schools and those going through building programmes such as BSF and PCP.
http://www.futurelab.org.uk/events/listing/buildingspaces
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
14. How Children Respond
• Anger
• Rebellion
• Submission
• Blaming Others
• Lying, Hiding Feelings
• Fear of Trying Something New
…
15. Drawbacks of Authoritarian Style
• It does not teach children about responsibility,
problems solving and respectful communication.
• It teaches children to be dependent on adults.
16. Why So Many Parents Use This Style?
• Most parents use it
because they were
raised that way
themselves.
• It feels natural, and
parents do not
question its
effectiveness.
17. The Permissive Style
• Permissive parents use different ways to
persuade children to cooperate.
• The underlying belief is that kids will cooperate
when they understand that cooperation is the
right thing to do.
Respectful, But Not Firm
18. Why It Is Not Working?
• Permissiveness is a guidance
system based on yellow
lights.
• Stopping is optional, not
required.
• Kids know it, but permissive
parents are not aware that
their signals do not really
require stopping.
19. What Children Learn?
• Rules are for others, not for
me.
• Parents serve children.
• Parents are responsible for
solving children’s problems.
• Dependency, disrespect, self-
centeredness.
20. Drawbacks of This Approach
• While parents protect the children from suffering
from consequences of their poor choices,
children lose the opportunities to learn from their
mistakes.
21. Democratic Style
• The Democratic approach is a win-win method
which combines firmness with respect.
• It accomplishes all of our basic training goals.
Firm and Respectful
22. Parents’ Beliefs
• Children are capable of solving problems on their own.
• Children should be given choices and allowed to learn
from their choices.
• Encouragement is an effective way to motivate
cooperation.
23. What Children Learn?
• Responsibility
• Cooperation
• Independence
• Respect for rules and
authority
• Self-control
24. How Children Respond?
• More cooperation.
• Less limit testing.
• Resolve problems on their own.
• Regard parents’ words seriously
Revolving Child - Short Film.mp4
25. • Children need family to:
– provide basic material necessities.
– encourage learning.
– develop self-respect.
– nurture peer relationships.
– ensure harmony and stability.
26. - Schools hold a central place in the
developmental agenda set forth for children
in almost all nations.
- Educational institutions play a central role in
both promoting children’s acquisition of
knowledge and shaping the ways in which
they learn to regulate their attention,
emotions and behavior.
SCHOOL
27. The School's Role in Child
Development
• Academic Development
• Social Development
• Character Building
• Experiences
28. Types of School-Family
Involvement
Communicating: Schools must reach out to families
with information about school programs and student
progress. This includes the traditional phone calls,
report cards, and parent conferences, as well as new
information on topics such as school choice and
making the transition from elementary school to
higher grades.
29. Types of School-Family
Involvement
Volunteering: Parents can make significant
contributions to the environment and
functions of a school. Schools can get the
most out of this process by creating flexible
schedules, so more parents can participate,
and by working to match the talents and
interests of parents to the needs of students,
teachers, and administrators.
30. Types of School-Family
Involvement
Learning at Home: With the guidance
and support of teachers, family
members can supervise and assist their
children at home with homework
assignments and other school-related
activities.
31. Types of School-Family
Involvement
Decision-making: Schools can give parents
meaningful roles in the school decision-
making process, and provide parents with
training and information so they can make the
most of those opportunities
32. Types of School-Family
Involvement
Collaboration with the Community: Schools
can help families gain access to support
services offered by other agencies, such as
healthcare, cultural events, tutoring services,
and after-school child-care programs.
33. Effects of Family-School
Involvement
• Improved grades and test scores.
• Positive attitude toward schoolwork.
• Positive behavior.
• Work completion.
• Increased participation in classroom
activities.
• Increased attendance.
34. THE ECOLOGY OF SCHOOL: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION AND ATTENDANT
REGULATORY PROCESSES
35. PEER
• A group of people of
approximately the same age,
status, and interests.
‘prodigies should spend as much
time as possible with their peer
group’
36. How can we help preschool
children get along with their
peers?
37. -Teach social skills (through stories, pictures, puppets) and
practice them (through role-plays and games). They can also
teach children how to deal with various social situations (sharing a
toy, taking turns, apologizing, etc.).
-“Coach” young children on how to initiate play, ask questions and
support their peers.
-Reinforce positive interactions between children in the classroom
and provide opportunities for play.
39. - learn to share and express their feelings
with words;
-learn social skills such as collaboration
and cooperation;
- develop positive relationships with their
peers.
42. Teens and Peer Relationships
• emotional maturity increases their
relationships with their peers
change as they become more
vulnerable and emotionally intimate
with their peers.
• greater trust among peers.
• demonstrate their growing
independence.
43. -a social, religious, occupational, or other
group sharing common characteristics or
interests and perceived or perceiving itself
as distinct in some respect from the larger
society within which it exists (usually
preceded by the):
the business community; the community of
scholars.
COMMUNITY
44. What is in a suburban community?
Rural farmland, homes and buildings spread out
Urban cities, homes and buildings close together
Suburban places outside the city
Categories of Community
1. A Community Interest
-TV show, a celebrity figure or a
subject area such as an
historical event.
45. 2. A Community of Practice
-who share a profession or craft come together
to share experiences and expertise, and
thereby improve themselves professionally or
personally.
3. A Community of Inquiry
-the aim being to bring together
people involved in considering a
problem from an empirical or
conceptual perspective.
46.
47. 4. A Community of action
-focused on bringing about change in
the world.
5. A Community of place
-co-located – this might include
a neighbourhood watch
scheme, a parent-teacher
association at the local school,
or a group of independent shop
keepers from the same part of a
town.
48. 6. A Community of circumstance
-people who come together to share
experiences related to being in a particular
life situation or other circumstance, rather
than a shared interest.