Canada's Chemicals Management Plan aims to reduce risks from chemicals to Canadians and the environment. Substances are assessed for harm and actions are taken to control risks. The government committed to developing a long-term strategy to systematically assess the effectiveness of actions controlling toxic substances. Measuring performance establishes indicators, collects data on substance levels, evaluates current conditions against baselines, and identifies needed monitoring and follow up actions. Challenges include inconsistent data, appropriate population representation, timing of data availability, and resource requirements. Performance measurement can improve public health and the environment while minimizing future costs through earlier recognition of concerns.