2. 3
Objectives (1 of 5)
• Describe occupancies that may contain
hazardous materials.
• Understand how to use senses to detect
the presence of hazardous materials.
• Describe specific container shapes/types
that may indicate hazardous materials.
3. 3
Objectives (2 of 5)
• Describe shipping and storage tanks that
could hold hazardous materials.
• Describe apparatuses that can transport
hazardous materials.
• Identify product, owner, and emergency
telephone number on a pipeline marker.
4. 3
Objectives (3 of 5)
• Describe how to identify a placard, label,
and marking.
• Describe the NFPA 704 hazard
identification system.
• Describe how to use the Emergency
Response Guidebook (ERG).
5. 3
Objectives (4 of 5)
• Describe how to use the Fire Fighter’s
Handbook of Hazardous Materials.
• Describe material safety data sheets
(MSDS) and shipping papers.
• Describe CHEMTREC and the National
Response Center.
6. 3
Objectives (5 of 5)
• Describe how to identify criminal or
terrorist activity involving chemical,
biological, or radiological agents.
• Describe how to identify an illicit
laboratory, as well as explosive and
secondary devices.
7. 3
Scene Size-Up
• “Read” the scene.
• Truly understand what you see.
• Think before you act.
8. 3
Recognizing a Hazardous
Materials/WMD Incident
• Different from other types of emergencies
– Moves more slowly
– Chemicals or materials largely dictate actions
– Responders must be conscious of the law
enforcement aspect of the incident
9. 3
Occupancy and Location
• Indicate possible presence of hazardous
material
• Materials at location may already be
known
• Locate key safety personnel from facility
10. 3
Senses
• Initially, stay distant from incident.
• Look.
• Listen.
• Do not “lead with your nose.”
11. 3
Containers
• Vessels or receptacles that hold material
• Provide clues about the substance inside
12. 3
Drums (1 of 2)
• Barrel-like nonbulk storage vessels
• Store a wide variety of substances
• 55-gallon capacity is common
• Cardboard, polyethylene, stainless steel,
other materials
13. 3
Drums (2 of 2)
The drum shown here is made of polyethylene.
14. 3
Dewar Containers (1 of 2)
• Hold cold liquids
• Designed to preserve temperature of
liquid
15. 3
Dewar Containers (2 of 2)
A series of Dewar containers stored adjacent to a compressed
gas cylinder.
16. 3
Bulk Storage Containers
• Over 119 gallons (liquid)
• More than 882 pounds (bulk)
• Include:
– Fixed tanks
– Highway cargo tanks
– Rail tank cars
– Totes
17. 3
Secondary Containment
• Helps contain spilled or released product
18. 3
Large-Volume Horizontal Tanks
• Above-ground storage tanks (ASTs)
• Underground storage tanks (USTs)
• May contain millions of gallons
19. 3
Totes (1 of 2)
• Intermediate bulk container (IBC )
• Capacity from 119 to 703 gallons
• Hazardous to ship and store
20. 3
Totes (2 of 2)
A tote is a commonly encountered bulk storage vessel.
21. 3
Intermodal Tanks (1 of 5)
• For both shipping and storage
• Hold between 5000 and 6000 gallons
• Pressurized or nonpressurized
• Can contain liquefied gases (cryogenic
liquids)
22. 3
Intermodal Tanks (2 of 5)
IM-101 portable tank (IMO type 1 internationally).
23. 3
Intermodal Tanks (3 of 5)
IM-102 portable tank (IMO type 2 internationally).
24. 3
Intermodal Tanks (4 of 5)
Pressure intermodal tank (IMO type 5 internationally).
25. 3
Intermodal Tanks (5 of 5)
• Other types of IM tanks
– Cryogenic intermodal tanks (IMO type 7
internationally)
– Tube modules
26. 3
Nonbulk Storage Vessels (1 of 6)
• Contain up to 119 gallons
• Include:
– Drums
– Bags
– Compressed gas cylinders
– Cryogenic containers
27. 3
Nonbulk Storage Vessels (2 of 6)
A bung wrench is used to operate the openings on the top of a
closed-head drum.
28. 3
Nonbulk Storage Vessels (3 of 6)
An open-head drum has a lid that is fastened with a ring that is
tightened with a clasp or a nut-and-bolt assembly.
29. 3
Nonbulk Storage Vessels (4 of 6)
A pesticide bag must be labeled with the appropriate information.
30. 3
Nonbulk Storage Vessels (5 of 6)
A carboy is used to transport and store corrosive chemicals.
32. 3
Transporting Hazardous Materials
• Air, sea, and land
• Most common method is by roadway
• A cargo tank is:
– Bulk packaging attached to/part of a vehicle
– Separate from vehicle, but unloaded without
being removed from vehicle
33. 3
MC-306/DOT 406 Flammable
Liquid Tanker (1 of 2)
• Liquid food-grade products
• Gasoline
• Other flammable and combustible liquids
• 6000 to 10,000 gallons
• Nonpressurized
• Remote emergency shut-off valves
34. 3
MC-306/DOT 406 Flammable
Liquid Tanker (2 of 2)
The MC-306/DOT 406 flammable liquid tanker typically hauls
flammable and combustible liquids.
35. 3
MC-307/DOT 407 Chemical Hauler
(1 of 2)
• Flammable liquids
• Mild corrosives
• Poisons
• 6000 to 7000 gallons
36. 3
MC-307/DOT 407 Chemical Hauler
(2 of 2)
The MC-307/DOT 407 chemical hauler carries flammable liquids,
mild corrosives, and poisons.
37. 3
MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives
Tanker (1 of 2)
• Smaller diameter than MC-306/DOT 406
or MC-307/DOT 407
• Capacity of approximately 6000 gallons
• Carries corrosives, such as:
– Concentrated sulfuric acid
– Phosphoric acid
– Sodium hydroxide
38. 3
MC-312/DOT 412 Corrosives Tanker
(2 of 2)
The MC-312/DOT 412 corrosives tanker is commonly used to
carry corrosives such as concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric
acid, and sodium hydroxide.
39. 3
MC-331 Pressure Cargo Tanker
(1 of 2)
• Carries materials such as ammonia,
propane, Freon, and butane
• 1000 to 11,000 gallons
• Explosion threat exists
– Spring-loaded relief valves unable to keep up
with rapidly building internal pressure
40. 3
MC-331 Pressure Cargo Tanker
(2 of 2)
The MC-331 pressure cargo tanker carries materials such as
ammonia, propane, Freon, and butane.
41. 3
MC-338 Cryogenic Tanker (1 of 2)
• Maintains low temperatures for cryogens
• Vents puffs of white vapor (normal)
• Explosion hazard with incorrect valve
operation
42. 3
MC-338 Cryogenic Tanker (2 of 2)
The MC-338 cryogenic tanker maintains the low temperatures
required for the cryogens it carries.
43. 3
Tube Trailer (1 of 2)
• Compressed gases, such as:
– Hydrogen
– Oxygen
– Helium
– Methane
44. 3
Tube Trailer (2 of 2)
A tube trailer is made up of several individual cylinders banded
together and affixed to a trailer.
45. 3
Dry Bulk Cargo Tank (1 of 2)
• Powders
• Pellets
• Fertilizers
• Grain
46. 3
Dry Bulk Cargo Tank (2 of 2)
A dry bulk cargo tank carries dry goods.
47. 3
Railroad Transportation
• Relatively few hazardous materials
incidents
• But can cause large-scale emergencies
• Get information on contents from
conductor/engineer or from tank labels
48. 3
Nonpressurized (General-Service)
Rail Tank Car (1 of 2)
• General industrial chemicals
– Corn syrup
– Flammable and combustible liquids
– Mild corrosives
• 4000 to 40,000 gallons
50. 3
Pressurized Rail Tank Car (1 of 2)
• Carries pressurized industrial chemicals
– Propane
– Ammonia
– Ethylene oxide
– Chlorine
• Potential for high-pressure leaks
51. 3
Pressurized Rail Tank Car (2 of 2)
Pressurized rail tank cars have top mounted fittings for loading
and unloading.
52. 3
Special-Use Rail Tank Car (1 of 2)
• Hazard will be unique to the particular
railcar and its contents
– Boxcar
– Flat car
– Cryogenic tank car
– Corrosive tank car
53. 3
Special-Use Rail Tank Car (2 of 2)
Special-use rail tank cars include boxcars, flat cars, cryogenic and
corrosive tank cars. Tube cars are no longer in service.
54. 3
Pipelines (1 of 2)
• Rarely involved in emergencies
• Pipeline emergencies are complicated,
require specially trained responders
• Transport natural gas, gasoline, diesel fuel
• Pipeline right-of-way maintained by
owners
55. 3
Pipelines (2 of 2)
A pipeline warning sign provides information about the pipe’s
contents, the owner’s name, and contact information.
56. 3
Department of Transportation
(DOT) Marking System (1 of 2)
• Required, depending on substance being
transported and quantity:
– Placards (10 ¾″ diamond-shaped)
– Labels (4″ diamond-shaped)
– Markings
57. 3
Department of Transportation
(DOT) Marking System (2 of 2)
The DOT uses labels, placards, and markings (such as these
found in the ERG) to give responders a general idea of the hazard
inside a particular container or cargo tank.
58. 3
NFPA 704 Marking System (1 of 2)
• Diamond-shaped (any size)
• Blue diamond = health hazard
• Red diamond = flammability
• Yellow diamond = reactivity
• White diamond = special information
59. 3
NFPA 704 Marking System (2 of 2)
The NFPA 704 hazard identification system is designed for fixed-
facility use. Each color used in the diamond represents a
particular property or characteristic.
60. 3
Hazardous Materials Information
System (HMIS) (1 of 2)
• Helps employers comply with OSHA
Hazard Communication Standard
• Voluntary labeling system
• Meant for employees at a facility
– Gives necessary information to work safely
around chemicals
61. 3
Hazardous Materials Information
System (HMIS) (2 of 2)
The HMIS uses a numerical hazard rating, colored horizontal
columns, letters, and icons to describe the hazards posed by a
particular substance and provide guidance about choosing PPE.
62. 3
Military Hazardous Materials/WMD
Markings (1 of 3)
• Marking system of U.S. military
• Division 1: Mass detonation hazards
• Division 2: Explosion-with-fragment
hazards
• Division 3: Mass fire hazards
• Division 4: Moderate fire hazards
63. 3
Military Hazardous Materials/WMD
Markings (2 of 3)
A. B.
C. D.
A. Mass detonation hazards. B. Explosion-with-fragment hazards.
C. Mass fire hazards. D. Moderate fire hazards.
64. 3
Military Hazardous Materials/WMD
Markings (3 of 3)
• Pictograms identify specific PPE.
• Colors depict chemical hazards.
– Red: Toxic agents
– Yellow: Harassing agents
– White: White phosphorous
65. 3
Chemical References
• Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
• Fire Fighter’s Handbook of Hazardous
Materials
66. 3
Emergency Response Guidebook
(1 of 3)
• Information on about 4000 chemicals
• Not for long-term action plans
• Inappropriate after first 15 minutes
67. 3
Emergency Response Guidebook
(2 of 3)
• Organized into four colored sections
– Yellow: Chemicals listed by UN/ID number
– Blue: Chemicals listed alphabetically by name
– Orange: Hazard class, fire/explosion hazards,
health hazards, basic emergency actions
– Green: Initial isolation distances
71. 3
Other Reference Sources (1 of 6)
• Material safety data sheets (MSDS)
– Chemical makeup, potential hazards, first aid
in the event of exposure
• Shipping papers
– Names, addresses of shipper and recipient
– Quantity of chemical, weight of shipment
72. 3
Other Reference Sources (2 of 6)
A bill of lading or freight bill: Shipping papers for road and highway
transportation, located in the cab of the vehicle.
73. 3
Other Reference Sources (3 of 6)
A waybill (pictured): Shipping papers for railroad transportation. A
consist is a list of the contents of every car on the train.
74. 3
Other Reference Sources (4 of 6)
A dangerous cargo manifest: Shipping papers on a marine vessel,
kept in the custody of the captain or master.
75. 3
Other Reference Sources (5 of 6)
An air bill: Shipping paper for air transport, kept in the cockpit.
76. 3
Other Reference Sources (6 of 6)
• CHEMTREC (Chemical Transportation
Emergency Center)
• CANUTEC (Canadian Transport
Emergency Centre)
• SETIQ (Emergency Transportation
System for the Chemical Industry,
Mexico)
77. 3
National Response Center (NRC)
• Notify the NRC of significant hazardous
materials incidents.
• Operated by the U.S. Coast Guard
• NRC alerts the appropriate state/federal
agencies.
• 1-800-424-8802
78. 3
Potential Terrorist Incidents (1 of 2)
• Responders should be familiar with the
locations of potential targets in their area.
– Infrastructure targets
– Symbolic targets
– Civilian targets
80. 3
Chemical and Biological Agents
• Chemical agent clues may include
– Rubber gloves, glass containers, residual
chemicals, odor, dead insects or foliage
• Biological agent clues may include
– Lab equipment, reference manuals
• Personnel may show signs of exposure.
81. 3
Radiological Agents (1 of 3)
• Clues may include
– Stainless steel containers, detonators,
radiological protective suits, Geiger counters
• Personnel may exhibit exposure
symptoms such as burns or difficulty
breathing.
82. 3
Radiological Agents (2 of 3)
A. B. C.
Radioactive shipment labels. A. White I label. B. Yellow II
label. C. Yellow III label.
83. 3
Radiological Agents (3 of 3)
A. B. C.
Radioactive packaging. A. Type A package. B. Type B
package. C. Type C package.
84. 3
Illicit Laboratories
• Clues may include
– Terrorist training manuals, basement location
with multiple vents, obscured windows
• Drug laboratories are most common.
– Use everyday items such as jars, bottles,
glass cookware, tubing
85. 3
Explosives
• Clues may include
– Protective equipment, production and
containment materials, explosive materials,
reference materials
86. 3
Secondary Devices
• Explosive or incendiary devices designed
to harm responders at incident scene
– As responders treat victims of the initial attack
• Clues may include
– Timers, wires, switches, concealment
containers, backpacks, propane tanks
87. 3
Summary (1 of 2)
• Interpret visual clues to mitigate incident
• Recognize container profiles and
materials that may be stored inside each
type.
• Name, understand, locate shipping papers
• Be familiar with all types of chemical
transport vehicles.
88. 3
Summary (2 of 2)
• Understand DOT, NFPA, HMIS, and
military marking systems.
• Demonstrate proficiency using the ERG.
• Know how to get MSDS documentation.
• Become familiar with potential terrorist
targets, specific hazards, and indicators.
Editor's Notes
Image: Courtesy of UBH International Ltd.
Image: Courtesy of UBH International Ltd.
Image: Courtesy of UBH International Ltd.
Image: Courtesy of Globalindustrial.com
Image: Courtesy of the USDA
Image: Courtesy of EMD Chemicals, Inc.
Image: Courtesy of Cryofab, Inc.
Image: Courtesy of Polar Tank Trailer L.L.C.
Image: Courtesy of Polar Tank Trailer L.L.C.
Image: Courtesy of National Tank Truck Carriers Association
