Hate speech is punished in many democratic countries all over the world . Can bad ideas be fought with repression? Speech of Nicola Canestrini at Trento university, may 13th, 2016. I discorsi d'odio sono puniti in molti ordinamenti. Ma le cattive idee si sconfiggono con la repressione?

1. Hate speech
Avv. Nicola Canestrini
Ciclo di Seminari Living Integration laws
13 mggio 2016, UNITN

2. art. 21 Costituzione
«pietra angolare del
sistema democratico»
(Corte Costituzionale 19.02.1965, n.9; 17.4.1969, n.
84)
«fondamento della
democrazia»
(Corte cost. n. 172 del 1972)
«il più alto, forse dei diritti
fondamentali»
(Corte cost. n. 138 del 1985)
libera manifestazione del pensiero
convenzioni
internazionali
art. 19 Dichiarazione
universale dei diritti
dell’uomo 1948
art. 10 CEDU
art. 19 Patto
internazionale sui diritti
civili e politici 1966
art. 11 Carta dei diritti
fondamentali dell’U.E.

3. libertà di
manifestazione del
pensiero
diritto fondamentale del singolo
diritto sociale per “l’effettiva
partecipazione di tutti i lavoratori
all’organizzazione politica,
economica e sociale del Paese” (art.
3/2, Cost.).
(Corte cost. n. 138 del 1985)
dimensione individuale e sociale
indice fondamentale per
misurare il grado di
democraticità di un
sistema politico
“fondamento della società
democratica”
(cfr. Corte EDU Kokkinakis v. Greece
of 25 May 1993, Series A no. 260-A,
p. 17, para. 31).

4. fino a quando si adegua
a determinate
convenzioni.
Joseph Goebbels, Ministro della
Propaganda del III Reich, 1937
L’arte è libera e deve
mantenersi libera

5. anche se non si
adegua a
determinate
convenzioni.
Handyside v. the United Kingdom,
1976
Otto-Preminger-Institut v. Austria
1994
Jersild c. Danimarca 1994
(..)
L’espressione del
pensiero è libera e deve
mantenersi libera
freedom of expression (..) s
applicable not only to
"information" or "ideas" that
are favourably received or
regarded as inoffensive or as a
matter of indifference, but also
to those that shock, offend or
disturb the State or any sector
of the population. Such are the
demands of that pluralism,
tolerance and
broadmindedness without
which there is no "democratic
society"

6. “... [T]olerance and respect for the equal dignity of
all human beings constitute the foundations of a
democratic, pluralistic society. That being so, as a
matter of principle it may be considered necessary
in certain democratic societies to sanction or even
prevent all forms of expression which spread,
incite, promote or justify hatred based on
intolerance ..., provided that any ‘formalities’,
‘conditions’, ‘restrictions’ or ‘penalties’ imposed are
proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued.”
(Erbakan v. Turkey ECHR judgment of 6 July
2006, § 56)

7. “Feindstrafrecht”
libertà di espressione
art. 10 ECHR
tolleranza / rispetto
artt. 10/2, 17 ECHR
“[T]here is no doubt that any remark directed
against the Convention’s underlying values would
be removed from the protection of Article 10
[freedom of expression] by Article 17 [prohibition
of abuse of rights] (...)”
Seurot v. France, ECHR decision on the admissibility
of 18 May 2004)

8. “Feindstrafrecht”

11. confermata in
appello ottobre
2015, pende
Cassazione

13. It is true we no longer put heretics to death; and the amount
of penal infliction which modern feeling would probably
tolerate, even against the most obnoxious opinions, is not
sufficient to extirpate them. But let us not flatter ourselves that
we are yet free from the stain even of legal persecution.
Penalties for opinion, or at least for its expression, still exist by
law; and their enforcement is not, even in these times, so
unexampled as to make it at all incredible that they may some
day be revived in full force.
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1869

14. libertà di espressione vs. tolleranza
la cattive idee si sconfiggono con la
repressione?

17. la cattive idee si
sconfiggono con la
buone idee
.. e il silenzio è
complice

19. Our decision is a reaffirmation of
the principles of freedom and
inclusiveness that the flag best
reflects, and of the conviction that
our toleration of criticism [..] is a
sign and source of our strength.
US Supreme Court, Texas v. Johnson, 1989

20. www.canestriniLex.com
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