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Has Science
Buried God?
#evidence
Why is the universe
so fine-tuned?
If the rate of exp-
ansion of the uni-
verse one second
after the Big Bang
was smaller by 1
part in 100,000,

000,000,000,000,
it would have re-
collapsed into a
hot fireball.
Stephen Hawking
© NASA. Used by permission
1
1,000,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000,000,000
weak force
1
10100
Probability of the
Big Bang’s low
entropy condition
arising by chance:
1 in 10 to the power
of 10123
Roger Penrose
Odds against the
initial conditions
being suitable for
star formation: 1
followed by a
thousand billion
billion zeroes at
least
Paul Davies
©ArsElectronica,usedunderaCreativeCommonslicence
Premise 1: Fine-tuning of the universe
is due to physical necessity, chance,
or design.
Premise 2: The fine-tuning is not due
to physical necessity or chance.
Conclusion: Therefore the fine-tuning
of the universe is due to design.
‘‘A common-sense interpretation
of the facts suggests that a super-
intellect has monkeyed with
physics as well as with chemistry
and biology, and that there are no
blind forces worth speaking about
in nature.
Fred Hoyle
‘‘The universe is unlikely. Very
unlikely. Deeply, shockingly,
unlikely.
Discover magazine

1 Nov 2000
Why is the 

universe here?
© 2013, European Space Agency, Planck Collaboration; used by permission
The Big Bang
represents the
creation event. The
creation not only
of all the matter
and energy in the
universe, but also
of space-time
itself.
Paul Davies
©ArsElectronica,usedunderaCreativeCommonslicence
why did the Big Bang happen?
‘‘The Higgs boson ‘brings science
closer to dispensing with the need
for any supernatural shenanigans
all the way back to the beginning
of the universe.’
Lawrence Krauss
author of A Universe from Nothing
Although science
may solve the
problem of how
the universe began,
it cannot answer
the question: Why
does the universe
bother to exist? I
don’t know the
answer to that.
Stephen Hawking
© NASA. Used by permission
Premise 1: Whatever begins to exist
has a cause.
Premise 2: The universe began to
exist.
Conclusion: The universe has a cause
I am not postul-
ating a ‘God of the
gaps’, a god
merely to explain
the things that
science has not yet
explained.
I am postulating a
God to explain why
science explains; I
do not deny that
science explains,
but I postulate God
to explain why
science explains.
Richard Swinburne
‘‘My whole life has been guided by
the principle of Plato’s Socrates:
Follow the evidence, wherever it
leads.
Antony Flew
former atheist philosopher
How can we trust
what we think?
‘‘If my mental processes are
etermined wholly by the atoms in
my brain I have no reason to
suppose that my beliefs are true.
They may be sound chemically,
but that does not make them
sound logically. And hence I have
no reason for supposing my brain
to be composed of atoms.
‘‘In order to escape from the
necessity of sawing away the
branch on which I am sitting, so
to speak, I am compelled to
believe that mind is not wholly
conditioned by matter.
J.B.S. Haldane
What happened
when we tried to bury
God before?
www.tonywatkins.uk
twitter.com/tonywatkins_
facebook.com/TonyWatkinsPage

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Has science buried God?

  • 2. Why is the universe so fine-tuned?
  • 3. If the rate of exp- ansion of the uni- verse one second after the Big Bang was smaller by 1 part in 100,000,
 000,000,000,000, it would have re- collapsed into a hot fireball. Stephen Hawking © NASA. Used by permission
  • 5.
  • 7. Probability of the Big Bang’s low entropy condition arising by chance: 1 in 10 to the power of 10123 Roger Penrose
  • 8. Odds against the initial conditions being suitable for star formation: 1 followed by a thousand billion billion zeroes at least Paul Davies ©ArsElectronica,usedunderaCreativeCommonslicence
  • 9. Premise 1: Fine-tuning of the universe is due to physical necessity, chance, or design. Premise 2: The fine-tuning is not due to physical necessity or chance. Conclusion: Therefore the fine-tuning of the universe is due to design.
  • 10. ‘‘A common-sense interpretation of the facts suggests that a super- intellect has monkeyed with physics as well as with chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature. Fred Hoyle
  • 11. ‘‘The universe is unlikely. Very unlikely. Deeply, shockingly, unlikely. Discover magazine
 1 Nov 2000
  • 12. Why is the 
 universe here?
  • 13. © 2013, European Space Agency, Planck Collaboration; used by permission
  • 14. The Big Bang represents the creation event. The creation not only of all the matter and energy in the universe, but also of space-time itself. Paul Davies ©ArsElectronica,usedunderaCreativeCommonslicence
  • 15. why did the Big Bang happen?
  • 16. ‘‘The Higgs boson ‘brings science closer to dispensing with the need for any supernatural shenanigans all the way back to the beginning of the universe.’ Lawrence Krauss author of A Universe from Nothing
  • 17. Although science may solve the problem of how the universe began, it cannot answer the question: Why does the universe bother to exist? I don’t know the answer to that. Stephen Hawking © NASA. Used by permission
  • 18. Premise 1: Whatever begins to exist has a cause. Premise 2: The universe began to exist. Conclusion: The universe has a cause
  • 19. I am not postul- ating a ‘God of the gaps’, a god merely to explain the things that science has not yet explained.
  • 20. I am postulating a God to explain why science explains; I do not deny that science explains, but I postulate God to explain why science explains. Richard Swinburne
  • 21. ‘‘My whole life has been guided by the principle of Plato’s Socrates: Follow the evidence, wherever it leads. Antony Flew former atheist philosopher
  • 22. How can we trust what we think?
  • 23. ‘‘If my mental processes are etermined wholly by the atoms in my brain I have no reason to suppose that my beliefs are true. They may be sound chemically, but that does not make them sound logically. And hence I have no reason for supposing my brain to be composed of atoms.
  • 24. ‘‘In order to escape from the necessity of sawing away the branch on which I am sitting, so to speak, I am compelled to believe that mind is not wholly conditioned by matter. J.B.S. Haldane
  • 25. What happened when we tried to bury God before?