Gyroscopic effects on Planes & Ships_Prathmesh Lonkar
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The presentation shows the Gyroscopic effects on Planes and Ships in a very easy and understandable manner. The presentation is purposefully made for understanding based on visual means rather than reading long definitions. This presentation can directly be picked up, modified if required, and shown for your purpose
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5.4 gyroscope effect in ship
The document discusses gyroscopic effects in ships. It defines key terms like bow, stern, port, and starboard in relation to a ship. It explains that a ship can pitch, roll, and steer due to gyroscopic effects from the spinning propeller. The direction a ship turns depends on whether the propeller is spinning clockwise or counterclockwise, and whether the observation is made from the bow or stern end. For example, with a clockwise spinning propeller, turning left from the bow end causes the bow to dip and the stern to raise.
Gyroscope.pptx 2.pptxfinal
- Gyroscopes work based on the principle of angular momentum to maintain orientation. A gyroscope is a spinning wheel or disk whose axis remains fixed in space despite external forces.
- Gyroscopic couples occur due to the vector representation of angular motion and cause precessional motion.
- On airplanes and ships, gyroscopic couples from rotating propellers and rotors help provide stability when turning or pitching and rolling in rough seas.
- On vehicles like motorcycles, the gyroscopic couples from the wheels and engine, along with centrifugal forces, help provide stability and prevent the vehicle from falling over when turning.
gyroscope
1. Gyroscopes and accelerometers are common sensors used to determine the position and orientation of an object. A gyroscope uses Earth's gravity to help determine orientation and consists of a freely rotating disk called a rotor.
2. Gyroscopic motion occurs when the axis of a rotating body changes direction, such as when an airplane takes a turn or the rotor of a ship changes direction. Examples include airplane turns, ship rotors, vehicle wheels turning, and gyroscopic instruments.
3. On ships and vehicles, gyroscopic effects can cause the nose/bow to raise or lower and the stern/tail to correspondingly lower or raise when turning due to interaction between the rotating components and the turning motion.
5.3 gyroscopic effect on aeroplanes
This document discusses the gyroscopic effect on airplanes. It begins by defining key terms related to gyroscopes like axis of spin, gyroscopic effect, precession, and axis of precession. It explains that when a spinning gyroscope experiences a torque perpendicular to its axis of spin, it will precess around an axis perpendicular to both. On airplanes, the spinning rotor of the vertical gyro acts to maintain equilibrium. For example, if the nose is pushed left, the rotor will cause the nose to rise and tail to dip due to the gyroscopic effect. The direction of precession depends on whether the rotor is spinning clockwise or counterclockwise. The document provides diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
Cpt 6 gyroscope
1. A gyroscope is a device that uses angular momentum to detect orientation and maintain stability. It consists of a spinning wheel or disk on an axle that is free to take any orientation.
2. Gyroscopes have two key properties - rigidity and precession. Rigidity means the axis of rotation tends to remain fixed in space without external forces. Precession means an applied torque causes the axis to rotate perpendicular to both the torque and angular momentum vectors.
3. Gyroscopes have important applications in navigation, stabilization, and orientation. They are used in ship compasses, aircraft autopilots, navigation systems, and more due to their ability to resist changes in orientation.
gyroscope
The document discusses gyroscopes and their operation. It explains that a gyroscope uses angular momentum to detect or maintain orientation. It consists of a spinning mass mounted on an axle. Mechanical gyroscopes use a spinning mass mounted on gimbals, while electronic gyroscopes use a vibrating proof mass. Common applications include gyrocompasses, guidance systems, bicycles, and more. The document also discusses gyroscopic couples and their effects on ships, airplanes, and vehicles in terms of pitching, rolling, and steering movements.
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This document discusses gyroscopic instruments and their principles of operation. It explains that a gyroscope will maintain its orientation in space due to its high-speed rotation and angular momentum. It can rotate about perpendicular axes, with any change in its axis of rotation called precession. It describes different types of gyroscopes like attitude gyros and rate gyros, and errors they may experience like drift, wander, gimbal lock, and gimbal error. It also briefly discusses directional gyros, gyro horizons, and fuel quantity indication systems using sight glasses, mechanical floats, electrical resistance transmitters, and electronic capacitance sensors.
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This document discusses the introduction to gyroscopes. It defines a gyroscope as a spinning device that maintains its orientation. Gyroscopes are used in applications like gyrocompasses, inertial guidance systems, and to provide stability. They can operate using different principles such as MEMS and ring lasers.
Applications include use in spacecraft, ships, tunnels, and consumer electronics. The document discusses gyroscopic effects that occur in vehicles with rotating engine parts. It defines terms like axis of spin, precession, and gyroscopic couple. Diagrams are included to illustrate gyroscope operation and how precession direction depends on the direction of spin and applied torque.
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The document discusses gyroscopic effects in ships. It defines key terms like bow, stern, port, and starboard in relation to a ship. It explains that a ship can pitch, roll, and steer due to gyroscopic effects from the spinning propeller. The direction a ship turns depends on whether the propeller is spinning clockwise or counterclockwise, and whether the observation is made from the bow or stern end. For example, with a clockwise spinning propeller, turning left from the bow end causes the bow to dip and the stern to raise.
Gyroscope.pptx 2.pptxfinal
- Gyroscopes work based on the principle of angular momentum to maintain orientation. A gyroscope is a spinning wheel or disk whose axis remains fixed in space despite external forces.
- Gyroscopic couples occur due to the vector representation of angular motion and cause precessional motion.
- On airplanes and ships, gyroscopic couples from rotating propellers and rotors help provide stability when turning or pitching and rolling in rough seas.
- On vehicles like motorcycles, the gyroscopic couples from the wheels and engine, along with centrifugal forces, help provide stability and prevent the vehicle from falling over when turning.
gyroscope
1. Gyroscopes and accelerometers are common sensors used to determine the position and orientation of an object. A gyroscope uses Earth's gravity to help determine orientation and consists of a freely rotating disk called a rotor.
2. Gyroscopic motion occurs when the axis of a rotating body changes direction, such as when an airplane takes a turn or the rotor of a ship changes direction. Examples include airplane turns, ship rotors, vehicle wheels turning, and gyroscopic instruments.
3. On ships and vehicles, gyroscopic effects can cause the nose/bow to raise or lower and the stern/tail to correspondingly lower or raise when turning due to interaction between the rotating components and the turning motion.
5.3 gyroscopic effect on aeroplanes
This document discusses the gyroscopic effect on airplanes. It begins by defining key terms related to gyroscopes like axis of spin, gyroscopic effect, precession, and axis of precession. It explains that when a spinning gyroscope experiences a torque perpendicular to its axis of spin, it will precess around an axis perpendicular to both. On airplanes, the spinning rotor of the vertical gyro acts to maintain equilibrium. For example, if the nose is pushed left, the rotor will cause the nose to rise and tail to dip due to the gyroscopic effect. The direction of precession depends on whether the rotor is spinning clockwise or counterclockwise. The document provides diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
Cpt 6 gyroscope
1. A gyroscope is a device that uses angular momentum to detect orientation and maintain stability. It consists of a spinning wheel or disk on an axle that is free to take any orientation.
2. Gyroscopes have two key properties - rigidity and precession. Rigidity means the axis of rotation tends to remain fixed in space without external forces. Precession means an applied torque causes the axis to rotate perpendicular to both the torque and angular momentum vectors.
3. Gyroscopes have important applications in navigation, stabilization, and orientation. They are used in ship compasses, aircraft autopilots, navigation systems, and more due to their ability to resist changes in orientation.
gyroscope
The document discusses gyroscopes and their operation. It explains that a gyroscope uses angular momentum to detect or maintain orientation. It consists of a spinning mass mounted on an axle. Mechanical gyroscopes use a spinning mass mounted on gimbals, while electronic gyroscopes use a vibrating proof mass. Common applications include gyrocompasses, guidance systems, bicycles, and more. The document also discusses gyroscopic couples and their effects on ships, airplanes, and vehicles in terms of pitching, rolling, and steering movements.
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This document discusses gyroscopic instruments and their principles of operation. It explains that a gyroscope will maintain its orientation in space due to its high-speed rotation and angular momentum. It can rotate about perpendicular axes, with any change in its axis of rotation called precession. It describes different types of gyroscopes like attitude gyros and rate gyros, and errors they may experience like drift, wander, gimbal lock, and gimbal error. It also briefly discusses directional gyros, gyro horizons, and fuel quantity indication systems using sight glasses, mechanical floats, electrical resistance transmitters, and electronic capacitance sensors.
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This document discusses the introduction to gyroscopes. It defines a gyroscope as a spinning device that maintains its orientation. Gyroscopes are used in applications like gyrocompasses, inertial guidance systems, and to provide stability. They can operate using different principles such as MEMS and ring lasers.
Applications include use in spacecraft, ships, tunnels, and consumer electronics. The document discusses gyroscopic effects that occur in vehicles with rotating engine parts. It defines terms like axis of spin, precession, and gyroscopic couple. Diagrams are included to illustrate gyroscope operation and how precession direction depends on the direction of spin and applied torque.
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This document discusses and defines different types of motion. It begins by defining motion as a change in an object's position over time and notes that motion is always observed relative to a reference point. The main types of motion discussed are translatory motion (straight or curved), circular motion, oscillatory motion, and periodic motion. Translatory motion includes rectilinear and curvilinear types. Circular motion includes revolution and rotary motion. Oscillatory motion involves moving back and forth around a fixed point. Periodic motion repeats at regular intervals. Examples are given of objects that exhibit multiple types of motion simultaneously, such as a frisbee or sewing machine.
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Gyroscopes are devices that use the principles of angular momentum to measure or maintain orientation. They were first developed in the early 19th century and have since found applications in navigation, aircraft, ships, automobiles, and electronics. Gyroscopes work by producing gyroscopic forces that cause the spinning object to resist changes to its orientation when external torques are applied. They are used in applications like remote controlled vehicles, spacecraft, aircraft autopilots, ships, motorbikes, smartphones, and computer peripherals to help maintain stability and orientation.
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2. Key applications of gyroscopic effect discussed include aeroplanes, ships, vehicles. For aeroplanes, the effect of the spinning engine/propeller is to change the plane's attitude during turns. For ships steering or pitching, it causes the bow/stern to raise or lower. There is no effect during ship rolling.
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Objects move by changing their position or location over time. There are several types of motion including up and down, straight line, round and round, zigzag, and back and forth motions as seen in examples like a seesaw moving up and down, an object moving in a straight line, a merry-go-round moving in circles, and a swing moving back and forth.
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In physics, motion is the phenomenon in which an object changes its position over time. This presentation tells about the different types of motion.
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The relevance of this project is to determine the effect of gyroscopic reaction on bearings. We determine the reactions on bearing due to different spinning angular velocity of rotor and at different precision angular velocity of the system . This concept is useful in selection of bearing during particular application where extra load due to gyroscopic effect occurs on any system.
PRECESSION
1. The document discusses precession and the gyroscopic effect. It explains how a spinning object like a disc or ship's propeller experiences precession when the axis of spin changes direction.
2. When a spinning object like an airplane propeller or ship's rotor changes the direction of its axis of spin, the gyroscopic effect produces a reactive force perpendicular to the axis of spin. This causes the nose or bow to dip or rise.
3. For a ship, the gyroscopic effect causes the bow to rise and stern to dip when turning left if the rotor spins clockwise, and vice versa if spinning counterclockwise or turning right. This helps explain how gyroscopic forces affect ship and aircraft steering.
Gyro
1. Magnetic compasses indicate magnetic north using the Earth's magnetic field, while gyro compasses indicate true north by measuring the Earth's rotation and are unaffected by magnetic fields.
2. A gyroscope maintains its orientation in space regardless of movement by relying on the principle of gyroscopic inertia. It has three degrees of freedom and its orientation remains fixed due to precession caused by external torques.
3. Errors in gyrocompasses like speed error and ballistic deflection error occur due to the Earth's rotation and changes in a ship's speed or course, but can be compensated for through electrical adjustments and a dual rotor design.
Gyroscope
Unit-6: Gyroscope, of Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
PRECESSION-UNIT 1.pptx
1. Gyroscopes are devices used to control the orientation and angular velocity of rotating bodies. They use the principle of gyroscopic precession to maintain their orientation.
2. Common applications of gyroscopes include their use in inertial navigation systems, gyrocompasses, and to provide stability in vehicles like ships, airplanes, bicycles, and motorcycles.
3. The reactive gyroscopic couple experienced by rotating objects like the engines of airplanes and ships helps provide stability when turning. For example, when an airplane turns left, the reactive couple presses down on the right wing and lifts the left wing, counteracting the turning moment.
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Motion and its types
This document discusses and defines different types of motion. It begins by defining motion as a change in an object's position over time and notes that motion is always observed relative to a reference point. The main types of motion discussed are translatory motion (straight or curved), circular motion, oscillatory motion, and periodic motion. Translatory motion includes rectilinear and curvilinear types. Circular motion includes revolution and rotary motion. Oscillatory motion involves moving back and forth around a fixed point. Periodic motion repeats at regular intervals. Examples are given of objects that exhibit multiple types of motion simultaneously, such as a frisbee or sewing machine.
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Gyroscopes are devices that use the principles of angular momentum to measure or maintain orientation. They were first developed in the early 19th century and have since found applications in navigation, aircraft, ships, automobiles, and electronics. Gyroscopes work by producing gyroscopic forces that cause the spinning object to resist changes to its orientation when external torques are applied. They are used in applications like remote controlled vehicles, spacecraft, aircraft autopilots, ships, motorbikes, smartphones, and computer peripherals to help maintain stability and orientation.
Motion and its types--What is motion?--Types of motion
This presentation covers motion and its types in a very interactive manner. I hope this presentation will be helpful for teachers as well as students.
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1. The document discusses the gyroscopic effect, which is the tendency of a spinning object to resist any change to its axis of rotation. It explains how a gyroscopic couple is generated when a spinning object experiences precession.
2. Key applications of gyroscopic effect discussed include aeroplanes, ships, vehicles. For aeroplanes, the effect of the spinning engine/propeller is to change the plane's attitude during turns. For ships steering or pitching, it causes the bow/stern to raise or lower. There is no effect during ship rolling.
3. Sample calculations are provided to determine the gyroscopic couple generated for different rotating objects like engines, flywheels, and to analyze their effect
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This document discusses gyroscopes and gyroscopic effects. It begins by defining a gyroscope and explaining that gyroscopes resist changes to the direction of their rotational axis, known as the gyroscopic effect. It then provides examples of applications that utilize gyroscopes, such as gyrocompasses, inertial guidance systems, and precession in bearings. The document goes on to define angular momentum and discuss how gyroscopic couples arise due to a change in the direction of angular momentum. It provides figures to illustrate gyroscopic couples and their effects on aircraft when turning. Finally, it analyzes gyroscopic effects on rotating objects like disks, rods, and propellers mounted on bearings.
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The document discusses various gyroscopic flight instruments used in aircraft, including the attitude indicator, heading indicator, and turn indicators. It explains the gyroscopic principles of rigidity in space and precession that allow these instruments to function. The attitude indicator uses gyroscopic rigidity to indicate the aircraft's pitch and roll attitudes relative to the horizon. The heading indicator maintains a fixed orientation to indicate heading. Turn indicators show the rate and quality of turns.
What Is Motion
An object is in motion when its position is continuously changing relative to a reference point as observed. There are four general types of motion: linear, angular, general, and projectile. Linear motion involves uninterrupted movement in a straight line and is defined by its speed and direction, or velocity.
Types of motion
This document discusses different types of motion. It defines motion as a change in an object's position over time and notes that motion is always observed relative to a reference point. It then outlines the main types of motion as translatory, circular, random, oscillatory, vibratory, and periodic motion. Translatory motion is described as uniform motion in a straight line and can be rectilinear or curvilinear. Circular motion involves moving around a fixed axis, with examples given of revolution and rotatory motion. Several everyday objects and actions demonstrating multiple types of motion are provided.
What is motion and its types
Objects move by changing their position or location over time. There are several types of motion including up and down, straight line, round and round, zigzag, and back and forth motions as seen in examples like a seesaw moving up and down, an object moving in a straight line, a merry-go-round moving in circles, and a swing moving back and forth.
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This document discusses governors and gyroscopes. It defines governors as automatic speed control mechanisms that use centrifugal or inertia forces to regulate fuel supply and maintain engine speed. Gyroscopes use conservation of angular momentum to maintain orientation. Their applications include navigation, stabilization of vehicles like helicopters, and maintaining direction in tunnel mining. The document also describes how gyroscopes produce gyroscopic couples that affect a ship's motion during turns, pitching, and rolling.
5.2 gyroscopic effect on bearings
This document discusses the gyroscopic effect on bearings that support a spinning disc or wheel. It defines key terms like gyroscope, axis of spin, gyroscopic effect, precession, and axis of precession. It then describes how a disc mounted on a horizontal axle between two bearings will experience precession when it spins, and how this causes a gyroscopic couple reaction force on each bearing. Equations are provided showing how to calculate the resultant reaction forces on each bearing when considering both the weight-induced reactions and the gyroscopic couple reaction. In summary, it analyzes how a spinning disc's precession due to its own spin introduces gyroscopic forces that affect the bearing reactions.
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The document discusses different aspects of motion including that motion refers to something that is moving, objects can move at different speeds, and things may move in straight, curved, circular or zigzag paths. It also reviews key ideas like how to determine if one object is moving faster than another and different ways that speed and motion are defined.
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The document discusses the physics behind how a gyroscope works. It describes how a gyroscope is able to maintain its orientation due to the principle of conservation of angular momentum. When a force is applied to the axle of a spinning gyroscope, it undergoes precession rather than tilting in the direction of the applied force. This phenomenon occurs because the spinning gyroscope resists changes to its axis of rotation. Gyroscopes have practical applications in navigation systems to help keep airplanes and rockets on their intended course or orbit.
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This document discusses mechanical motion and how motion and rest are determined relative to a reference point. It explains that an object is in motion if its position changes over time relative to an observer or reference point, while an object is at rest if its position does not change over time relative to a reference point. The document also discusses how motion and rest are relative, depending on the reference point chosen. Finally, it briefly introduces some common types of motion, including linear, curved, and circular motion.
Types of motion
In physics, motion is the phenomenon in which an object changes its position over time. This presentation tells about the different types of motion.
Gyroscopic effect on bearings
The relevance of this project is to determine the effect of gyroscopic reaction on bearings. We determine the reactions on bearing due to different spinning angular velocity of rotor and at different precision angular velocity of the system . This concept is useful in selection of bearing during particular application where extra load due to gyroscopic effect occurs on any system.
PRECESSION
1. The document discusses precession and the gyroscopic effect. It explains how a spinning object like a disc or ship's propeller experiences precession when the axis of spin changes direction.
2. When a spinning object like an airplane propeller or ship's rotor changes the direction of its axis of spin, the gyroscopic effect produces a reactive force perpendicular to the axis of spin. This causes the nose or bow to dip or rise.
3. For a ship, the gyroscopic effect causes the bow to rise and stern to dip when turning left if the rotor spins clockwise, and vice versa if spinning counterclockwise or turning right. This helps explain how gyroscopic forces affect ship and aircraft steering.
Gyro
1. Magnetic compasses indicate magnetic north using the Earth's magnetic field, while gyro compasses indicate true north by measuring the Earth's rotation and are unaffected by magnetic fields.
2. A gyroscope maintains its orientation in space regardless of movement by relying on the principle of gyroscopic inertia. It has three degrees of freedom and its orientation remains fixed due to precession caused by external torques.
3. Errors in gyrocompasses like speed error and ballistic deflection error occur due to the Earth's rotation and changes in a ship's speed or course, but can be compensated for through electrical adjustments and a dual rotor design.
Gyroscope
Unit-6: Gyroscope, of Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
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Motion and its types--What is motion?--Types of motion
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Similar to Gyroscopic effects on Planes & Ships_Prathmesh Lonkar
PRECESSION-UNIT 1.pptx
1. Gyroscopes are devices used to control the orientation and angular velocity of rotating bodies. They use the principle of gyroscopic precession to maintain their orientation.
2. Common applications of gyroscopes include their use in inertial navigation systems, gyrocompasses, and to provide stability in vehicles like ships, airplanes, bicycles, and motorcycles.
3. The reactive gyroscopic couple experienced by rotating objects like the engines of airplanes and ships helps provide stability when turning. For example, when an airplane turns left, the reactive couple presses down on the right wing and lifts the left wing, counteracting the turning moment.
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The document discusses a presentation on case studies of pressure sensors. It begins with defining a pressure sensor as an instrument that determines the actual pressure applied to it using a pressure sensitive element. It then discusses the typical working principles of pressure sensors, including a case study on a piezoresistive pressure sensor. Various applications of pressure sensors are also mentioned such as in engineering, aviation, and other industries.
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gyroscope is a chapter of theory of machine. You can easily understand concepts of gyroscope in my ppt. All concepts are with suitable examples and graphics.
saurabh.rana2829@gmail.com
fdocuments.in_gyroscope-ppt.pptx
A gyroscope is a device that uses angular momentum to detect orientation and maintain stability. It consists of a spinning wheel or disk whose axis is free to orient in any direction. Gyroscopes are used for navigation and stabilization in ships, airplanes, drones, and other vehicles. They work by producing a gyroscopic effect - as the spinning axis rotates about another axis, conservation of angular momentum causes a reactive torque perpendicular to the plane of rotation. This effect counters external forces and helps maintain the orientation of the device.
Gyroscope.pdf
- A gyroscope is a device that maintains orientation based on angular momentum. It has a spinning wheel or disk mounted on gimbals to minimize external torque and keep its orientation nearly fixed regardless of motion.
- Precession is the change in the axis of spin of a rotating body in response to an external torque. This results in two components of angular acceleration - one parallel and one perpendicular to the original axis of spin.
- A gyroscopic couple is produced on a spinning object when its axis of spin rotates about another axis. This couple depends on angular velocity and moment of inertia and can cause a rotating object like a ship or airplane to tilt when turning or pitching.
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- 1. Vishwakarma Institute Of Technology, Pune. (An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to the Savitribai Phule Pune University) DepartmentOf Mechanical Engineering Dynamics Of Machines Presentation on Gyroscopic effects on Planes & Ships
- 2. Introduction • What is a Gyroscope ? • Meaning of Gyroscopic couple ? • Why to study its effect ?
- 3. 1) Axes • Axis of spin • Axis of Precession • Axis of gyroscopic couple 2) Planes • Plane of spin • Plane of precession • Plane of gyroscopic couple Terminologies
- 4. GYROSCOPIC EFFECTS ON AN AIRPLANE
- 5. Understanding the basic movements
- 6. During Steer (Yaw motion) Steer direction Result Left Nose raises, tail lowers Right Nose lowers, tail raises Case 1 When the rotor is turning clockwise (viewed from the tail)
- 7. Case 2 When the rotor is turning anti-clockwise (viewed from the tail) During Steer (Yaw motion) Steer direction Result Left Nose lowers, tail raises Right Nose raises, tail lowers
- 8. During Pitch Case 1 When the rotor is turning clockwise (viewed from the tail) Movement Result Pitch Up Right Yaw Pitch Down Left Yaw
- 9. Case 2 When the rotor is turning anti-clockwise (viewed from the tail) During Pitch Movement Result Pitch Up Left Yaw Pitch Down Right Yaw
- 10. During Roll As in rolling, the axis of spin & axis of precession are parallel, No gyroscopic couple acts on the plane
- 11. Gyroscopic effects on a ship • While Steering • While Pitching • While Rolling
- 12. Terms used to denote the directions of a ship
- 13. While Steering The re-active gyroscopic couple on the ship results in pitching motion Case 1 When the rotor is turning clockwise (viewed from stern) Steer direction Result Left Bow raises, stern lowers Right Bow lowers, stern raises
- 14. Case 2 When the rotor is turning Anti-clockwise (viewed from stern) Steer direction Result Left Bow lowers, stern raises Right Bow raises, stern lowers While Steering
- 15. While Pitching The re-active gyroscopic couple on the ship results in Yaw motion Case 1 When the rotor is turning clockwise (viewed from stern) Movement Resulting turn Pitch Up Starboard Pitch Down Port
- 16. Case 2 When the rotor is turning Anti-clockwise (viewed from stern) Movement Resulting turn Pitch Up Port Pitch Down Starboard While Pitching
- 17. While Rolling No gyroscopic couple acts on the ship while rolling As in rolling, the axis of spin & axis of precession are parallel, No gyroscopic couple acts on the ship
- 18. Presented By Name Roll No. Prathmesh Lonkar 82 Mechanical Engineering Third Year Division-S