This document provides information about practices for a Basic Immunology course, including: - Students can earn up to 20 points from weekly quizzes on lecture material and must earn at least 10 points total along with a maximum of 3 absences to pass the course. - An interactive online quiz will be introduced during lessons for better understanding, requiring students to register on a website and answer questions that appear for a limited time. - The main tasks and components of the immune system are introduced, distinguishing innate immunity, natural immunity, and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides quick but non-specific responses, while adaptive immunity involves antigen-specific and memory responses. - A quiz on the material will follow the

1. 1st practice: Introduction,
structure of lymphoid organs
Basic Immunology
University of Pécs, Clinical Center
Department of Immunology and Biotechnology

2. Introducing the subject 1.
• Quick tests at the beginning of each practice based on the LECTURES OF THE
PREVIOUS WEEK (for 2 points), 10 tests for a maximum of 20 points.
• In case of absence one catch-up test is allowed at the end of the semester. (But
already written tests cannot be rewritten)
• In order to accept the semester you must have at least 10 points and maximum 3
absences! These terms are non-negotiable.
• You may only join another group in case of absence once in the semester.
• Final grade is based on a written exam in the exam period. (for 100 points)
• All points above 10 acquired from practice tests will be added to your final result.
If you also have half a point by the end of the semester it will be rounded to an
additional point. (e.g. If you have 14.5 points by the end of the year and get 64
points for the written exam your final result will be 69 points)
• The Immunology competition is held annually in April where you can get
additional extra points or even a final grade of 5 (excellent).
• Laboratory coats are necessary for some of the practices, your teacher will advise
you the previous week to bring them with you.
• All the educational material will be available to download on our website.
(www.immbio.hu)

3. Introducing the subject 2.
NEW: From this semester we introduce an interactive quiz during
the lessons for the better follow-up and understanding. We
will ask 1-2 questions from the given part of the practices
during the slide presentation.
Technically, the questions will appear on-line at
www.medtraining.eu with randomized answer choices for
every individual user. Registration is required for the use of
the website: see next slides.
For participating in the quiz, we recommend the use of mobile
devices (smartphones, tablets, laptops), but it is also possible
to hand in the answers on paper.
Since the actual question will only be active for a limited time
it is recommended that you follow the slides of the
presentations during the lessons because you can only pick
the correct answer this way. You can answer the questions
only once and it is not possible to correct later or return to
previous question(s).

5. Registration 1.

6. Registration 2.
Username: NEPTUN code
After the registration the
new users get approved by
the administrator and in a
few minutes the website
will be available for work.

7. Introducing the subject 2.
• Our official books you can learn from:
• Attention! Our department has never published or lectored any notes for
students, therefore we recommend you to be cautious in case you decide to study
from them.
Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H.H.
Lichtman, Shiv Pillai: Basic
Immunology, 4th edition, 2012.
Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H.H. Lichtman,
Shiv Pillai: Cellular and Molecular
Immunology, 8th edition, 2015.

8. • What makes immunology worth studying?
– The immune system is involved one way or another in almost all human
pathological conditions.
– Many of the laboratory diagnostics are based on immunological methods. (see
later)
– More and more diseases get treatable by manipulating the immune system. (see
later)
– Autoimmune diseases affect 7-8% of the population, they are chronic and
generally incurable, yet many can be treated effectively. (see later)
– The number of immunocompromised patients increased recently. (Due to
therapeutic immunosuppression and HIV, see later)
– Laypeople also seem to have strong opinions regarding immunology. → Media
tends to mix medical facts with quackery and pseudoscience.
Introducing the subject 3.
A news report from June of 2015.

10. Main tasks of the immune system
Preserving the integrity of an organism
Defense against external pathogens
(e.g. viruses, bacteria, parasites)
Elimination of one’s pathologically
altered cells (e.g. virally infected cells,
cancer cells)
Altered foreign structures must be recognized and distinguished from the
organism’s own healthy cells.
IMMUNE RESPONSE (either an aggressive
response or immunological tolerance)

11. Components of the immune system
Antibody = Immunoglobulin
• The components of immune system can be classified into subsystems (See the
lectures for more details):
– Innate immunity (e.g. granulocytes, macrophages, NK cells, complement
system)
– Natural immunity (e.g. B1 B cells, γδ T cells)
– Adaptive immunity (e.g. αβ T cells, B2 cells, antibodies)
• The distinction above is artificial, in the organisms these work hand in hand.
• You will mostly learn about the adaptive immunity throughout the semester.

12. Innate vs adaptive immunity
Innate Adaptive
Recognition Pattern-based (not
antigen-specific)
Antigen-specific
Kinetics Quick (minutes, hours) Slow (days, weeks)
Amplification of response Linear Exponential
Immunological memory No Yes
Antigen: Substance recognized by T and B cell receptors (TCR and BCR) which induces
either an immune response or immunological tolerance.
Difference between pattern-recognition and antigen-recognition:
Innate: „The cell surface is
full of carbohydrates
usually found on bacteria -
it must be some kind of
bacteria.”
Adaptive: „This is the 45-
60 amino acid segment of
E. coli flagellin.”
E. coli

13. Quiz follows