The document describes the construction of recombinant plasmids containing segments of the rrnB ribosomal RNA operon of E. coli, including the entire operon. Key points:
1) Plasmid pKK 3535 was constructed by cloning the 7.5kb BamHI fragment containing the entire rrnB operon from bacteriophage λ into the BamHI site of plasmid pBR 322.
2) Plasmid pKK 123 was constructed by cloning the 3.2kb EcoRI-BamHI fragment containing part of the 23S rRNA gene into plasmid pBR 313.
3) Plasmid pKK 2361 was constructed by cloning the entire 7.5kb Bam
M.Prasad Naidu discusses several types of polymerases including DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Reich et al. and Baltimore and Franklin demonstrated RNA-primed RNA synthesis using the enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also called RNA replicase. Spiegelman et al. isolated RNA replicase from bacteriophage Qβ which requires an RNA template, magnesium ions, and ribonucleoside triphosphates to function.
This document summarizes key aspects of the cell cycle and DNA repair. It discusses the phases of the cell cycle (G0, G1, S, G2, M), checkpoints, cyclins and CDKs that regulate the cycle. It then covers several DNA repair mechanisms - mismatch repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, double strand break repair. Defects in repair pathways can cause diseases. Apoptosis and mechanisms of programmed cell death are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses types of mutations like point mutations, frameshift mutations and their effects.
This document contains a 40 question multiple choice exam on molecular biology. The exam covers topics such as DNA and RNA structure, gene expression, DNA replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation, and techniques used in molecular biology like PCR, DNA cloning, hybridization probes, and restriction enzymes. The second section asks students to answer 4 out of 5 long answer questions covering topics like ribosomes, cDNA libraries, gene cloning steps, hybridization probes, and polymerase chain reaction.
An aminopeptidase P (PepP)-encoding gene has been cloned from Streptomyces lividans 66. The gene, pepP, was localized by deletion mapping and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence was found to display significant similarity to Escherichia coli PepP. The partially purified S. lividans enzyme had a 50-kDa subunit and was present as a homodimer, confirming that pepP encodes the observed intracellular PepP.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions related to genetics and molecular biology. Some key topics covered include:
- The role of reverse transcriptase in RNA to DNA transcription
- Nucleosides and palindromic DNA sequences
- DNA replication and transcription
- Genetic code and translation
- RNA polymerase function
- DNA structure and mutations
Batch (2) final semester (1) supp exam m. biology - dr. musinSalah Abass
The document is a practice exam for a Molecular Biology course. It contains 33 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of DNA and RNA structure, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene cloning techniques. It also includes 3 essay questions asking students to describe aspects of DNA structure, the process of DNA replication, features of common cloning vectors (plasmids, cosmids, YACs), and the principles and applications of PCR or Sanger sequencing. The exam is designed to evaluate students' understanding of fundamental concepts in molecular biology.
The document discusses various topics related to the genetic code, including:
1. The genetic code is degenerate, meaning many amino acids are specified by more than one codon. Wobble in the anticodon allows one tRNA to recognize multiple codons.
2. Three rules govern the genetic code: codons are read in groups of three in the 5' to 3' direction without gaps or overlaps.
3. Suppressor mutations can reside in the same gene or a different gene and suppress the effects of mutations by producing functional proteins.
M.Prasad Naidu discusses several types of polymerases including DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Reich et al. and Baltimore and Franklin demonstrated RNA-primed RNA synthesis using the enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also called RNA replicase. Spiegelman et al. isolated RNA replicase from bacteriophage Qβ which requires an RNA template, magnesium ions, and ribonucleoside triphosphates to function.
This document summarizes key aspects of the cell cycle and DNA repair. It discusses the phases of the cell cycle (G0, G1, S, G2, M), checkpoints, cyclins and CDKs that regulate the cycle. It then covers several DNA repair mechanisms - mismatch repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, double strand break repair. Defects in repair pathways can cause diseases. Apoptosis and mechanisms of programmed cell death are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses types of mutations like point mutations, frameshift mutations and their effects.
This document contains a 40 question multiple choice exam on molecular biology. The exam covers topics such as DNA and RNA structure, gene expression, DNA replication, transcription, translation, gene regulation, and techniques used in molecular biology like PCR, DNA cloning, hybridization probes, and restriction enzymes. The second section asks students to answer 4 out of 5 long answer questions covering topics like ribosomes, cDNA libraries, gene cloning steps, hybridization probes, and polymerase chain reaction.
An aminopeptidase P (PepP)-encoding gene has been cloned from Streptomyces lividans 66. The gene, pepP, was localized by deletion mapping and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence was found to display significant similarity to Escherichia coli PepP. The partially purified S. lividans enzyme had a 50-kDa subunit and was present as a homodimer, confirming that pepP encodes the observed intracellular PepP.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions related to genetics and molecular biology. Some key topics covered include:
- The role of reverse transcriptase in RNA to DNA transcription
- Nucleosides and palindromic DNA sequences
- DNA replication and transcription
- Genetic code and translation
- RNA polymerase function
- DNA structure and mutations
Batch (2) final semester (1) supp exam m. biology - dr. musinSalah Abass
The document is a practice exam for a Molecular Biology course. It contains 33 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of DNA and RNA structure, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene cloning techniques. It also includes 3 essay questions asking students to describe aspects of DNA structure, the process of DNA replication, features of common cloning vectors (plasmids, cosmids, YACs), and the principles and applications of PCR or Sanger sequencing. The exam is designed to evaluate students' understanding of fundamental concepts in molecular biology.
The document discusses various topics related to the genetic code, including:
1. The genetic code is degenerate, meaning many amino acids are specified by more than one codon. Wobble in the anticodon allows one tRNA to recognize multiple codons.
2. Three rules govern the genetic code: codons are read in groups of three in the 5' to 3' direction without gaps or overlaps.
3. Suppressor mutations can reside in the same gene or a different gene and suppress the effects of mutations by producing functional proteins.
Batch (1) first sem (1) mid m.sc exam molecular biologyySalah Abass
The document is a midterm exam for a molecular biology course consisting of multiple choice and short answer questions covering topics like DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and gene expression. Some key points:
- The multiple choice section contains 30 questions testing understanding of DNA and RNA structure and function, the central dogma, DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
- The short answer questions require discussing structural differences between DNA and RNA, enzymes involved in DNA replication, components and functions of PCR, processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA, definitions of several molecular biology terms, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes, roles of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis, antibiotics
The document summarizes research on RNA splicing and A-to-I RNA editing. Key findings include:
- JetPEI performed better than PEI as a transfection reagent with lower toxicity at low concentrations.
- Co-transfection with ADAR1 showed no changes in editing levels between three Azin1 constructs.
- The three Gria2 constructs showed that longer splicing duration was positively correlated with higher editing frequency.
- Producing new Gria2 constructs with single mutations in the pyrimidine rich tract could provide better insight into the coupling of splicing and editing.
ShRNA-specific regulation of FMNL2 expression in P19 cellsYousefLayyous
This video encompasses all the steps and data produced for my graduation project in BSc in Biopharmaceutical science. During the course of the project we modified mammalian cells using Short Hairpin RNA to inhibit the correct function of the cytoskelleton. In this way we studied the importance of FMNL2 for the activation and regulation of actin fibers. Among the methods used are Flourescent microscopy, mamallian cell culture, cloning and flow cytometry.
This document discusses initiation codons, termination codons, mutation codons, and the genetic code. It begins by explaining that initiation codons (usually AUG) code for methionine and signal the start of protein translation. Termination codons (UAG, UAA, UGA) do not code for amino acids and cause the release of the polypeptide chain. Point mutations include substitutions, insertions, deletions, and frameshifts that can alter the amino acid sequence. The genetic code is the set of rules by which nucleic acid sequences are translated into proteins.
Batch (1) final sem (1) molecular biologySalah Abass
The document is an exam for a Molecular Biology course, consisting of 39 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of key concepts in molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology. Some of the concepts assessed include: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA structure and replication; gene structure and expression; DNA sequencing techniques; restriction enzymes; cloning vectors; the polymerase chain reaction; and applications of recombinant DNA technology such as DNA fingerprinting.
Gene protein relattionship. genetic fine structureJannat Iftikhar
1. The document discusses how genes work through the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which provides that each gene is responsible for producing a single enzyme.
2. It also covers the relationship between genes, proteins, and phenotypes. Mutations in a single nucleotide can alter protein function, as shown through studies of hemoglobin.
3. Experiments by Seymour Benzer using bacteriophage T4 helped disprove the "bead theory" by showing that the smallest units of mutation and recombination are single nucleotide pairs through analysis of point mutations and deletions within the rII gene.
L10. enzymes used in genetic engineering i-1Rishabh Jain
This document discusses various enzymes that are used in genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. It describes DNA and RNA polymerases such as DNA polymerase I, Klenow fragment, T4 DNA polymerase, and reverse transcriptase. It also covers ligases, phosphatases, kinases, and nucleases including DNase I, and their functions, sources, and applications in techniques like cDNA synthesis, DNA labeling, amplification, and sequencing.
Reverse transcription of RNA, which refers to the conversion of the RNA template into its complimentary DNA strand (cDNA) is an essential step in the analysis of gene transcripts.
cDNA can be sequenced, cloned and applied to estimate the copy number of specific genes in order to characterize and to validate gene expression.
Genes are regions of DNA that encode for proteins. They contain coding and non-coding regions. There are three main types of genes - simple, variable, and transposons. Gene expression involves two main stages - transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to proteins. Transcription and translation are tightly regulated by various control regions that determine when and how much of a protein is produced from a gene.
The document discusses the fine structure of genes. It describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene structure. Prokaryotic genes are simple and uninterrupted, while eukaryotic genes contain introns that separate coding exons. Introns have significance as they allow for alternative splicing and exon shuffling, increasing protein diversity. The document also provides history on the discovery of genes and defines key components like promoters, terminators, and regulatory elements.
This document contains a 40 question exam on molecular biology and genetics. The exam covers topics such as DNA structure and replication, gene expression and regulation, genetic engineering techniques including PCR, DNA sequencing, and genomics. It consists of two sections - the first contains 35 multiple choice questions and the second contains 4 short answer questions related to PCR and DNA sequencing techniques.
The genetic code is read in groups of three nucleotides (codons). Experiments by Crick and Brenner showed that altering one or two nucleotides changed all subsequent amino acids, while altering three nucleotides did not, indicating the code is read continuously in triplets without spaces. Later, Nirenberg and others were able to decrypt the genetic code and determine which of the 64 possible codons encode each of the 20 amino acids.
DNA : a genetic material, replication damage and repairAnilkumar C
The document provides information on DNA, including its identification as the genetic material, its structure and replication. Some key points:
- Experiments in the 1920s-1950s identified DNA as the genetic material, including Griffith's work on bacterial transformation and the experiments of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty and Hershey and Chase.
- DNA is made up of nucleotides containing phosphate groups, sugars and nitrogenous bases. Watson and Crick discovered its double helix structure in 1953, with two anti-parallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
- DNA replication is semi-conservative and involves unwinding of the DNA strands, synthesis of new complementary strands, and production of identical double
The document discusses the genetic code, which is the set of rules by which DNA and mRNA sequences are translated into amino acid sequences in proteins. Some key points are:
- The genetic code is made up of 3 nucleotide sequences called codons that each encode for a specific amino acid.
- The code is degenerate, meaning most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon.
- Experiments in the 1960s were the first to demonstrate that the genetic code consists of codons that are three nucleotides long and elucidated the nature of the codon-amino acid relationship.
Gene:its nature expression and regulationroshanchristo
This document provides an overview of gene expression. It discusses that gene expression involves the process by which a gene's information is converted into the structures and functions of a cell through production of a protein or RNA molecule. It describes the eukaryotic cell structure, with genes containing exons and introns. The stages of protein synthesis - transcription, RNA processing, and translation - are explained. Key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in these processes are highlighted.
Biotechnology and recombinant dna technique(UOG)AhmedMushtaq15
Biotechnology uses biology to solve problems and make useful products. Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different organisms to create new genetic combinations. The key steps are: (1) isolating the gene of interest, (2) cutting the gene and vector with restriction enzymes, (3) inserting the gene into the vector, (4) transforming host cells with the modified vector, and (5) expressing the gene to produce the desired product. Biotechnology has applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry by allowing the large-scale production of drugs, genetically modified crops, and industrial chemicals.
Fundamental techniques of gene manipulationManigandan s
Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. They were discovered in the 1960s and have become important tools in molecular biology. Restriction enzymes recognize short palindromic sequences and make cuts within or near these sequences. There are three main types of restriction enzymes that differ in their subunit structure and cleavage patterns. Restriction enzymes are used in techniques like DNA cloning, Southern blotting, and genome mapping.
O documento discute a natureza dos signos linguísticos e sua relação com a persuasão e ideologias de acordo com Ferdinand de Saussure. Os signos possuem significante e significado e se tornam significação quando associados. Signos são veículos para transmitir ideologias e tomam significados diferentes dependendo do contexto.
Aqui estão alguns dos tipos de abat jours dos quais fazemos a estrutura em arame. Se bem que alguns destes não foram feitos por nós também os fazemos. Este catálogo é meramente ilustrativo de parte do nosso trabalho para que possam ter uma ideia do que pode ser feito por nós.
Até breve
:-)
Voici quelques-uns des types de Abat jours qui font le fil de structure. Bien que certains d'entre eux n'ont pas été effectuées par nous aussi nous leur faisons. Ce catalogue est simplement illustrative d'une partie de notre travail afin qu'ils puissent avoir une idée de ce qui peut être fait pour nous.
à bientôt
:-)
Éstos son algunos de los tipos de abat días de los cuales hacen que el alambre de estructura. Aunque algunos de estos no fueron hechos por nosotros también lo hacemos. Este catálogo es meramente ilustrativa de parte de nuestro trabajo para que puedan tener una idea de lo que puede ser hecho por nosotros.
Hasta pronto
:-)
Here are some of the types of abat jours of which make the structure wire. Although some of these were not made by us also we do them. This catalog is merely illustrative of part of our work so they can have an idea of what can be done for us.
See you soon
:-)
Hier sind einige der Arten von Abat jours, von denen die Struktur Draht zu machen. Obwohl einige von ihnen nicht von uns gemacht wurden auch tun wir ihnen. Dieser Katalog ist nur veranschaulichen Teil unserer Arbeit, so dass sie eine Vorstellung davon, was haben kann, kann für uns getan werden.
sehen Sie bald
:-)
Batch (1) first sem (1) mid m.sc exam molecular biologyySalah Abass
The document is a midterm exam for a molecular biology course consisting of multiple choice and short answer questions covering topics like DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and gene expression. Some key points:
- The multiple choice section contains 30 questions testing understanding of DNA and RNA structure and function, the central dogma, DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
- The short answer questions require discussing structural differences between DNA and RNA, enzymes involved in DNA replication, components and functions of PCR, processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA, definitions of several molecular biology terms, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes, roles of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis, antibiotics
The document summarizes research on RNA splicing and A-to-I RNA editing. Key findings include:
- JetPEI performed better than PEI as a transfection reagent with lower toxicity at low concentrations.
- Co-transfection with ADAR1 showed no changes in editing levels between three Azin1 constructs.
- The three Gria2 constructs showed that longer splicing duration was positively correlated with higher editing frequency.
- Producing new Gria2 constructs with single mutations in the pyrimidine rich tract could provide better insight into the coupling of splicing and editing.
ShRNA-specific regulation of FMNL2 expression in P19 cellsYousefLayyous
This video encompasses all the steps and data produced for my graduation project in BSc in Biopharmaceutical science. During the course of the project we modified mammalian cells using Short Hairpin RNA to inhibit the correct function of the cytoskelleton. In this way we studied the importance of FMNL2 for the activation and regulation of actin fibers. Among the methods used are Flourescent microscopy, mamallian cell culture, cloning and flow cytometry.
This document discusses initiation codons, termination codons, mutation codons, and the genetic code. It begins by explaining that initiation codons (usually AUG) code for methionine and signal the start of protein translation. Termination codons (UAG, UAA, UGA) do not code for amino acids and cause the release of the polypeptide chain. Point mutations include substitutions, insertions, deletions, and frameshifts that can alter the amino acid sequence. The genetic code is the set of rules by which nucleic acid sequences are translated into proteins.
Batch (1) final sem (1) molecular biologySalah Abass
The document is an exam for a Molecular Biology course, consisting of 39 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of key concepts in molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology. Some of the concepts assessed include: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA structure and replication; gene structure and expression; DNA sequencing techniques; restriction enzymes; cloning vectors; the polymerase chain reaction; and applications of recombinant DNA technology such as DNA fingerprinting.
Gene protein relattionship. genetic fine structureJannat Iftikhar
1. The document discusses how genes work through the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which provides that each gene is responsible for producing a single enzyme.
2. It also covers the relationship between genes, proteins, and phenotypes. Mutations in a single nucleotide can alter protein function, as shown through studies of hemoglobin.
3. Experiments by Seymour Benzer using bacteriophage T4 helped disprove the "bead theory" by showing that the smallest units of mutation and recombination are single nucleotide pairs through analysis of point mutations and deletions within the rII gene.
L10. enzymes used in genetic engineering i-1Rishabh Jain
This document discusses various enzymes that are used in genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. It describes DNA and RNA polymerases such as DNA polymerase I, Klenow fragment, T4 DNA polymerase, and reverse transcriptase. It also covers ligases, phosphatases, kinases, and nucleases including DNase I, and their functions, sources, and applications in techniques like cDNA synthesis, DNA labeling, amplification, and sequencing.
Reverse transcription of RNA, which refers to the conversion of the RNA template into its complimentary DNA strand (cDNA) is an essential step in the analysis of gene transcripts.
cDNA can be sequenced, cloned and applied to estimate the copy number of specific genes in order to characterize and to validate gene expression.
Genes are regions of DNA that encode for proteins. They contain coding and non-coding regions. There are three main types of genes - simple, variable, and transposons. Gene expression involves two main stages - transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to proteins. Transcription and translation are tightly regulated by various control regions that determine when and how much of a protein is produced from a gene.
The document discusses the fine structure of genes. It describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene structure. Prokaryotic genes are simple and uninterrupted, while eukaryotic genes contain introns that separate coding exons. Introns have significance as they allow for alternative splicing and exon shuffling, increasing protein diversity. The document also provides history on the discovery of genes and defines key components like promoters, terminators, and regulatory elements.
This document contains a 40 question exam on molecular biology and genetics. The exam covers topics such as DNA structure and replication, gene expression and regulation, genetic engineering techniques including PCR, DNA sequencing, and genomics. It consists of two sections - the first contains 35 multiple choice questions and the second contains 4 short answer questions related to PCR and DNA sequencing techniques.
The genetic code is read in groups of three nucleotides (codons). Experiments by Crick and Brenner showed that altering one or two nucleotides changed all subsequent amino acids, while altering three nucleotides did not, indicating the code is read continuously in triplets without spaces. Later, Nirenberg and others were able to decrypt the genetic code and determine which of the 64 possible codons encode each of the 20 amino acids.
DNA : a genetic material, replication damage and repairAnilkumar C
The document provides information on DNA, including its identification as the genetic material, its structure and replication. Some key points:
- Experiments in the 1920s-1950s identified DNA as the genetic material, including Griffith's work on bacterial transformation and the experiments of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty and Hershey and Chase.
- DNA is made up of nucleotides containing phosphate groups, sugars and nitrogenous bases. Watson and Crick discovered its double helix structure in 1953, with two anti-parallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
- DNA replication is semi-conservative and involves unwinding of the DNA strands, synthesis of new complementary strands, and production of identical double
The document discusses the genetic code, which is the set of rules by which DNA and mRNA sequences are translated into amino acid sequences in proteins. Some key points are:
- The genetic code is made up of 3 nucleotide sequences called codons that each encode for a specific amino acid.
- The code is degenerate, meaning most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon.
- Experiments in the 1960s were the first to demonstrate that the genetic code consists of codons that are three nucleotides long and elucidated the nature of the codon-amino acid relationship.
Gene:its nature expression and regulationroshanchristo
This document provides an overview of gene expression. It discusses that gene expression involves the process by which a gene's information is converted into the structures and functions of a cell through production of a protein or RNA molecule. It describes the eukaryotic cell structure, with genes containing exons and introns. The stages of protein synthesis - transcription, RNA processing, and translation - are explained. Key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in these processes are highlighted.
Biotechnology and recombinant dna technique(UOG)AhmedMushtaq15
Biotechnology uses biology to solve problems and make useful products. Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different organisms to create new genetic combinations. The key steps are: (1) isolating the gene of interest, (2) cutting the gene and vector with restriction enzymes, (3) inserting the gene into the vector, (4) transforming host cells with the modified vector, and (5) expressing the gene to produce the desired product. Biotechnology has applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry by allowing the large-scale production of drugs, genetically modified crops, and industrial chemicals.
Fundamental techniques of gene manipulationManigandan s
Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. They were discovered in the 1960s and have become important tools in molecular biology. Restriction enzymes recognize short palindromic sequences and make cuts within or near these sequences. There are three main types of restriction enzymes that differ in their subunit structure and cleavage patterns. Restriction enzymes are used in techniques like DNA cloning, Southern blotting, and genome mapping.
O documento discute a natureza dos signos linguísticos e sua relação com a persuasão e ideologias de acordo com Ferdinand de Saussure. Os signos possuem significante e significado e se tornam significação quando associados. Signos são veículos para transmitir ideologias e tomam significados diferentes dependendo do contexto.
Aqui estão alguns dos tipos de abat jours dos quais fazemos a estrutura em arame. Se bem que alguns destes não foram feitos por nós também os fazemos. Este catálogo é meramente ilustrativo de parte do nosso trabalho para que possam ter uma ideia do que pode ser feito por nós.
Até breve
:-)
Voici quelques-uns des types de Abat jours qui font le fil de structure. Bien que certains d'entre eux n'ont pas été effectuées par nous aussi nous leur faisons. Ce catalogue est simplement illustrative d'une partie de notre travail afin qu'ils puissent avoir une idée de ce qui peut être fait pour nous.
à bientôt
:-)
Éstos son algunos de los tipos de abat días de los cuales hacen que el alambre de estructura. Aunque algunos de estos no fueron hechos por nosotros también lo hacemos. Este catálogo es meramente ilustrativa de parte de nuestro trabajo para que puedan tener una idea de lo que puede ser hecho por nosotros.
Hasta pronto
:-)
Here are some of the types of abat jours of which make the structure wire. Although some of these were not made by us also we do them. This catalog is merely illustrative of part of our work so they can have an idea of what can be done for us.
See you soon
:-)
Hier sind einige der Arten von Abat jours, von denen die Struktur Draht zu machen. Obwohl einige von ihnen nicht von uns gemacht wurden auch tun wir ihnen. Dieser Katalog ist nur veranschaulichen Teil unserer Arbeit, so dass sie eine Vorstellung davon, was haben kann, kann für uns getan werden.
sehen Sie bald
:-)
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Este documento resume as principais causas e eventos da Primeira Guerra Mundial entre 1914-1918. As tensões imperialistas e nacionalistas na Europa, somadas à corrida armamentista e sistema de alianças, levaram ao conflito após o assassinato do arquiduque da Áustria. A guerra se tornou mundial com o uso de novas tecnologias e a entrada de mais países, até a vitória dos Aliados com a ajuda dos EUA em 1918.
AS REVELAÇÕES DO APOCALIPSE-ANTONIO INACIO FERRAZ, TÉCNICO RM ELETRONICA, AGR...ANTONIO INACIO FERRAZ
El documento habla de los Cuatro Jinetes del Apocalipsis y los primeros cuatro sellos mencionados en el Libro del Apocalipsis de la Biblia. También menciona algunos eventos naturales desastrosos que ocurrieron en Lisboa y la fecha en que sucedieron.
The ribosomal RNA gene unit of Tritrichomonas foetus was cloned and analyzed. Southern blot analysis showed the rDNA unit is organized as a tandem head to tail repeat of 6 kb, with 12 copies present. The small subunit rRNA is one of the shortest reported at 1571 bp, while the 5.8S rRNA is 159 bp. Northern blot analysis detected primary and precursor rRNA transcripts of 5.8 kb and 4 kb. Sequence analysis confirmed the secondary structure of the small subunit rRNA is similar to other eukaryotes, while being shorter in variable regions.
The document summarizes research on sequencing part of the ribosomal RNA coding region and determining the secondary structure of the 25S rRNA of Candida albicans. Key findings include:
- A rDNA cistron from C. albicans strain WO-1 was cloned and sequencing revealed the ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S rDNA and 25S rDNA coding regions.
- The C. albicans ITS regions are shorter than those of most other eukaryotes.
- The 5.8S and 25S rDNA sequences were used to model the secondary structure, which was compared to other species.
- Variable regions in the 25S r
The nucleotide sequence of a rat 18S rRNA gene was determined. The 18S rRNA encoded in the gene contains 1874 nucleotides. The sequences of rat and Xenopus laevis 18S rRNAs are very similar, with only minor differences like short insertions in the rat sequence. A secondary structure for rat 18S rRNA is proposed based on comparisons to 17 other small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences. While the primary sequences of rat and bacterial RNAs differ, their deduced secondary structures are remarkably similar.
The document summarizes research characterizing the small 9S and 12S mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) from two trypanosome species, Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma brucei. The researchers determined the nucleotide sequence of the 9S and 12S RNA genes from C. fasciculata mitochondrial DNA and aligned the sequences with the corresponding genes from T. brucei. They found the genes showed 77% overall sequence homology between the two species. Despite low overall sequence homology, the 9S and 12S RNAs contained sequences that were universally conserved among rRNAs from all domains of life, occurring in analogous positions. These conserved sequences could form characteristic secondary structures also
The document discusses the plasmid vector pBR322, which was constructed in 1977 and is one of the most commonly used cloning vectors. It describes the origins and components of pBR322, including two antibiotic resistance genes, the origin of replication, and restriction enzyme cleavage sites. The document also summarizes the construction of several derivatives of pBR322, including pBR327, pUC18, and pBR118/119, and notes their applications and advantages over the original pBR322 vector.
This document summarizes research on the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA gene sequence and microevolution in the ciliate Paramecium. Key findings include:
- The large subunit rRNA gene complex in Paramecium consists of a 283-base "5.8S-like" segment followed by the previously described 20S segment.
- The gene sequences from Paramecium primaurelia and Paramecium tetraurelia were 4% divergent.
- The genes lie adjacent to each other near the end of the linear mitochondrial genome and are transcribed from a common 23S precursor.
- Precise gene boundaries were determined using nuclease protection assays. The complex spans approximately 2654 base pairs.
Characterization of the phi29 Bacteriophage Nanomotorpcpchic
The purpose is to present the evolution of our understanding to the Bacillus subtilis phi29 bacteriophage viral motor\'s structure based on the work of a prominent scientist, Peixuan Guo.
Cloning and expression of the Nodamura virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Poster presentation at Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) National Conference, October 2012, Seatltle, WA
The document discusses gene expression and various methods used to measure it. It describes how measuring mRNA levels can indicate which genes are actively being expressed in a cell. It provides details on transcription, regulatory elements that control it, and various techniques used to study gene expression, including microarray analysis, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), and northern blotting.
This document presents the complete small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences of Giardia ardeae, G. muris, G. duodenalis, and the diplomonad Hexamita. The sequences are compared to analyze phylogenetic relationships. The Giardia sequences range from 1432 to 1453 nucleotides in length, while Hexamita's is 1550 nucleotides. Secondary structure analysis reveals both typically eukaryotic and variable regions. A phylogenetic tree groups the Giardia species separately from Hexamita and Vairimorpha, suggesting they represent a separate kingdom within the domain Eucarya.
1. The document maps three promoters on plasmid pKK3535, which contains the rrnB operon of E. coli. Two of the promoters are the known rrnB promoters P1 and P2. The third promoter, termed hPL5, is located in the attP region of bacteriophage lambda and transcription proceeds through the att core sequence.
2. Gel electrophoresis of in vitro transcripts from the plasmid showed distinct RNA species from each of the three promoters matching expected sizes. Hybridization experiments confirmed the transcripts originate from the rrnB region.
3. The study finds that guanosine tetraphosphate specifically decreases the ability of RNA polymerase to bind to the two rrnB
This document describes a study that sequenced the 23S rRNA gene of Campylobacter coli VC167 and analyzed its sequence and structure. It found that the gene contained a 147 bp transcribed spacer that resulted in fragmented 23S rRNA. Analysis of 31 other C. coli and C. jejuni strains found that 69% contained a transcribed spacer of 147 bp or 37 bp, also producing fragmented 23S rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis placed Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria based on signatures in the 23S rRNA at positions 270 and 1850.
This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationships between 17 species of sea cucumbers found in Malaysia using sequences of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods. The trees showed five main genera of sea cucumbers were present: Molpadia, Holothuria, Stichopus, Bohadschia, and Actinopyga. However, one species of Holothuria was found to be outside of the Holothuria group, making it paraphyletic. Further studies with more samples and different mitochondrial DNA genes are needed to better understand the molecular phylogeny of sea cucumbers.
This document summarizes an experiment aiming to knockout the CTNNB1 gene in mouse embryonic stem cells using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. It describes designing a guide RNA targeting exon 10 of CTNNB1, cloning it into a vector, transforming E. coli, and testing primers for detecting knockout via PCR and qPCR. Prior studies showed CTNNB1 knockout embryos had defects in ectoderm and mesoderm development. The authors hypothesized knocking out CTNNB1 in stem cells would produce inviable embryos, similar to prior findings.
Isolation of a functional human interleukin 2 gene from a cosmid library by r...Elke Stein
A method was developed to isolate genomic clones from a cosmid library using homologous recombination in vivo. This method was used to isolate the human interleukin 2 (IL2) gene. A cosmid library was packaged into lambda phage particles in vivo. A host strain carrying IL2 cDNA sequences was infected with the packaged cosmid library. Recombinants containing antibiotic resistance genes from both vectors were selected. A cosmid clone containing the chromosomal IL2 gene was identified. After transferring the gene into mouse cells, human IL2 was expressed constitutively.
DNA damage repair Neil3 gene Knockout in MOLT-4iosrjce
RNAi is superannuated cellular mechanism that protect organism against viruses that replicate
through double- stranded RNA. RNAi can be used to diminish gene expression from plasmid expressing and
inserted sequence repeat. A stable harpin would be expressed after the vector was integrated into the genome.
In this paper a shiRNA expressing vector for Neil3 was designed and developed which is capable of replication
in MOLT-4. This shiRNA vector had the ability to arose the RNAi pathway, and reduce the gene expression of
Neil3. This was assessed by using pSilence 4.1CMV as a vector, and Gapdh as positive control.
A novel phylum-level archaea characterized by combining single-cell and metag...Guillaume Reboul
This document summarizes the characterization of a novel archaeal phylum through a combined approach of single-cell genomics and metagenomics. The archaeon, referred to as N21, was found in a hot spring environmental sample through single-cell sorting and amplification. Its genome was then partially assembled from single-cell data. Metagenomic sequencing of the same sample provided additional genomic data, which was binned using the single-cell data, allowing reconstruction of a 1.55 Mbp high-quality draft genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed N21 represents a novel phylum-level lineage within the Euryarchaeota.
This document describes an improved method for quantitative transcript profiling using cDNA-AFLP (cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism). The key improvements allow it to be used as an efficient tool for genome-wide expression analysis as an alternative to microarrays. Unique transcript tags are generated from mRNA and screened through selective PCR amplifications. Based on in silico analysis, the enzyme combination BstYI and MseI was chosen to represent at least 60% of transcripts. The method was able to accurately detect differentially expressed genes and subtle expression differences. It was demonstrated to be useful by screening for cell cycle-modulated genes in tobacco.
Genetic material
Anant Mohan Sharma
All cell have the capability to give rise to the cell and
the encoded information in living cell is passed from
one generation to another. The information encoded
material is the genetic material or hereditary material
of the cell.
The genetic material is long sequence of nucleic
acids that contain the genetic instruction. Nucleic
acid are macromolecules in the form of DNA or
RNA.
Experimental evidences
Griffith’s experiment
Avery, MacLeod &McCarty experiment
Hershey & Chase experiment
RNA as genetic material
DNA structure
Z- DNA
V. Sasisekharan RL model
Types of RNA
CRISPR- Trap: a clean approach for the generation of gene knockouts and gene replacements in human cells.- a paper is taken for lab presentation. A very good technique having advantages over conventional KO approaches and allow for the generation of clean CRISPR/ Cas9- based KOs.
This document summarizes Carl Woese's contributions to science, particularly his discovery of the third domain of life (Archaea) through analysis of rRNA sequences. It describes how his work established the use of comparative analysis to determine rRNA secondary structure and identify structural motifs. It highlights that he envisioned comparative analysis providing details about RNA structure and energetics. The summary discusses Woese's seminal concepts regarding the need for a universal phylogenetic framework and how analysis of rRNA satisfied criteria to reconstruct evolutionary relationships across all life.
Gutell 123.app environ micro_2013_79_1803Robin Gutell
This document summarizes a study examining the host specificity of Lactobacillus bacteria associated with different hymenopteran (bee and ant) hosts. The researchers compiled nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of Lactobacillus from public databases and used these to construct phylogenetic trees. They also included shorter 16S sequences from surveys of bacteria associated with sweat bees, fungus-growing ants, and fire ants. The results showed that lactobacilli associated with honey bees and bumble bees are highly host specific, while sweat bees and ants associate with lactobacilli more closely related to those found in diverse environments or vertebrate hosts. The high host specificity seen in corbiculate bees (honey bees
Gutell R.R. (2013).
Comparative Analysis of the Higher-Order Structure of RNA.
in: Biophysics of RNA Folding. Volume editor: Rick Russell. Series title: Biophysics for the Life Sciences. Series editors: Norma Allewell, Ivan Rayment, Bertrand Garcia-Moreno, Jonathan Dinman, and Michael McCarthy. pp. 11-22. Publisher: Springer, New York, NY.
Gardner D.P., Xu W., Miranker D.P., Ozer S., Cannone J.J., and Gutell R.R. (2012).
An Accurate Scalable Template-based Alignment Algorithm.
Proceedings of 2012 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM 2012), Philadelphia, PA. October 4-7, 2012. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 237-243.
Lee J.C. and Gutell R.R. (2012).
A Comparison of the Crystal Structures of the Eukaryotic and Bacterial SSU Ribosomal RNAs Reveals Common Structural Features in the Hypervariable Regions.
PLoS ONE, 7(5):e38203.
Gardner D.P., Ren P., Ozer S., and Gutell R.R. (2011).
Statistical Potentials for Hairpin and Internal Loops Improve the Accuracy of the Predicted RNA Structure.
Journal of Molecular Biology, 413(2):473-483.2011. pp 15-22.
Ozer S., Doshi K.J., Xu W., and Gutell R.R. (2011).
rCAD: A Novel Database Schema for the Comparative Analysis of RNA.
7th IEEE International Conference on e-Science, Stockholm, Sweden. December 5-8, 2011. pp 15-22.
Jiang Y., Xu W., Thompson L.P., Gutell R., and Miranker D. (2011).
R-PASS: A Fast Structure-based RNA Sequence Alignment Algorithm.
Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM 2011), Atlanta, GA. November 12-15, 2011. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 618-622.
Xu W., Wongsa A., Lee J., Shang L., Cannone J.J., and Gutell R.R. (2011).
RNA2DMap: A Visual Exploration Tool of the Information in RNA's Higher-Order Structure.
Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM 2011), Atlanta, GA. November 12-15, 2011. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 613-617.
Muralidhara C., Gross A.M., Gutell R.R., and Alter O. (2011).
Tensor Decomposition Reveals Concurrent Evolutionary Convergences and Divergences and Correlations with Structural Motifs in Ribosomal RNA.
PLoS ONE, 6(4):e18768.
Xia Z., Gardner D.P., Gutell R.R., and Ren P. (2010).
Coarse-Grained Model for Simulation of RNA Three-Dimensional Structures.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 114(42):13497-13506.
The document describes research on fragmentation of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) gene in oyster mitochondrial genomes. Key findings include:
1) The LSU rRNA gene is split into two fragments separated by thousands of nucleotides in three species of oysters.
2) RT-PCR and EST analysis showed the two fragments are transcribed separately in Crassostrea virginica and are not spliced together.
3) Secondary structure models of the fragmented LSU rRNA genes were predicted for C. virginica, C. gigas, and C. hongkongensis based on comparative sequence analysis. This fragmentation represents a novel phenomenon in bilateral metazoan mitochondrial genomes.
Mueller U.G., Ishak H., Lee J.C., Sen R., and Gutell R.R. (2010).
Placement of attine ant-associated Pseudonocardia in a global phylogeny (Pseudonocardiaceae, Actinomycetales): a test of two symbiont-association models.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 98(2):195-212.
Theriot E.C., Cannone J.J., Gutell R.R., and Alverson A.J. (2009).
The limits of nuclear encoded SSU rDNA for resolving the diatom phylogeny.
European Journal of Phycology, 44(3):277-290.
Wu J.C., Gardner D.P., Ozer S., Gutell R.R. and Ren P. (2009).
Correlation of RNA Secondary Structure Statistics with Thermodynamic Stability and Applications to Folding.
Journal of Molecular Biology, 391(4):769-783.
Xu W., Ozer S., and Gutell R.R. (2009).
Covariant Evolutionary Event Analysis for Base Interaction Prediction Using a Relational Database Management System for RNA.
21st International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management. June 2-4, 2009. Springer-Verlag. pp. 200-216.
Chen Y.P., Evans J.D., Murphy C., Gutell R., Zuker M., Gundersen-Rindal D., and Pettis J.S. (2009).
Morphological, Molecular, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Nosema cerenae, a Microsporidian Parasite Isolated from the European Honey Bee, Apis mellifera.
The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 56(2):142-147.
Maddison D.R., Moore W., Baker M.D., Ellis T.M., Ober K.A., Cannone J.J., and Gutell R.R. (2009).
Monophyly of terrestrial adephagan beetles as indicated by three nuclear genes (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Trachypachidae).
Zoologica Scripta, 38(1):43-62.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Gutell 004.plasmid.1981.06.0112
1. PLASMID 6, 112-118 (1981)
Construction and Fine Mapping of Recombinant Plasmids Containing
the rrnB Ribosomal RNA Operon of E. co/i
JCJRGEN BROSIUS,*~~ AXEL ULLRICH,~‘ MARY ALICE RAKER,* ALANE GRAY,?
THOMAS J. DULL,*3 ROBIN R. GUTELL,* AND HARRY F. NOLLER*
*Thimann Laboratories, University of Californiu. Sunta Cruz, CaliJornia 95064, and Wenentech. Inc. I
460 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Fruncisco, Culijornia 94080
Received October 28, 1980: revised February 25, 1981
We have constructed recombinant plasmids containing the entire Escherichiu co/i
rrnB ribosomal RNA operon and segments thereof. Cloning of the 7.5kb BamHI frag-
ment, from Artin which contains this operon, in plasmid vectors pBR 313 or pBR 322
is described. The 3.2-kb EcoRIIBamHI fragment containing the 3’ two-thirds of the 23 S
rRNA gene, the SS rRNA gene, and the terminator region has been cloned separately
in pBR 313. As the nucleotide sequences of pBR 322 and the 7.5kb fragment carrying the
rrnB operon have been established, the entire 11.9-kb sequence of pKK 3535 is now known.
This makes possible precise rearrangements and site-specific alterations of the ribosomal
RNA operon; thus, pKK 3535 becomes a powerful tool for studies such as initiation
and termination of transcription, processing of rRNA precursors, and investigations of
the structure, function, and assembly of the ribosome itself. A detailed physical map
of pKK 3535 is presented.
Initially, our rationale in cloning rRNA
genes from Escherichia coli was the de-
termination of the 16 S RNA and 23 S RNA
primary structures (Brosius et al., 1978,
1980). Subsequently, sequences of tran-
scriptional signals and spacer regions flank-
ing rRNA and tRNA genes in rrnB and
their comparison with homologous regions
of other rRNA operons sequenced in other
laboratories have raised questions concern-
ing aspects of initiation and termination of
transcription, as well as steps involved in
the processing of primary transcripts. A po-
tential use of the recombinant plasmids
described here, especially of pKK 3535
for which we now know the entire nucleotide
sequence, lies in specific alteration of func-
tional sequences and subsequent in vitro
and in viva analysis of the impact on: (a)
the control of expression of a ribosomal
RNA operon, (b) processing mechanisms for
1 Present address: The Biological Laboratories, Har-
vard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, Mass.
02138.
rRNAs and tRNAs, and (c) the structure,
function, and assembly of the ribosome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Isolation of DNA
Strains harboring plasmids pBR 322, pBR
313, and pTUB 2 were kindly provided by
R. Rodriguez, M. Betlach, and Y. Kaziro,
respectively. Plasmid DNA was prepared
in CsCl-ethidium bromide buoyant density
gradients (Clewell, 1972). Bacteriophage
hrifd18 was isolated from an E. cofi K-12
strain by Kirschbaum and Konrad (1973).
Phage DNA was a gift from R. Young.
Restriction Enzyme Digestion
Most of the enzymes were purchased
from New England Bio-Labs or from
Bethesda Research Laboratories. EcoRI
was purified as described by Palmer et al.
(1979). Reactions were carried out under
the conditions recommended by the suppliers.
0147-619X/81/040112-07$02.00/0
Copyright 0 1981 by Academic Press, Inc.
AU rights of reproduction in soy form reserved.
112
2. rRNA OPERON PLASMIDS 113
Ligation, Transformation, and Selection of
Recombinant Plasmid-Containing Cells
Ligation was carried out on appropriately
digested and phenol-extracted DNA under
the conditions of Sgaramella (1972) as de-
scribed by Palmer et al. (1979). For the con-
struction of pKK 123 we ligated 2 pg of
EcoRIIBamHI-digested pTUB 2 DNA, which
carries the 18.6% EcoRI fragment of Xrifd18
in pRSF 2124 (Miyajima et al., 1979) with
1 pg of pBR 313 vector DNA cut with the
same enzymes using 1.5 units of T4 DNA
ligase (Bethesda Research Laboratories)
at 12°C overnight. For construction of pKK
2361, 2.4 pg of BamHI-cut hrifd 18 DNA
was ligated with 1 pg of BamHI-cut pBR
313 DNA under the same conditions. Plas-
mid pKK 3535 was obtained by mixing 1
pg BamHI-cut pKK 2361 DNA with 2 kg
of BamHI-cut and bacterial alkaline phos-
phatase (Sigma)-treated pBR 322 DNA
(Ullrich et al., 1977). After ligation the DNA
was ethanol precipitated and dissolved in 10
mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgC&, 50 mM
CaCl,, and 200 ~1 cells were transformed
with 0.2 pg of DNA according to the pro-
cedure of Bolivar et al. (1977b). E. coli
strains RR1 (F-pro leu thi lacy Str’ r,-
mk- endoII) (Bolivar et al., 1977a) and
HBlOl (F- pro lea thi lacy Str’ r,- mB-
endoI-, recA-) (Boyer and Roulland-Dus-
soix, 1969) were used as recipients for
the recombinant plasmids.
After transformation the cells were selected
on Luria broth plates, containing 20 E.Lg/ml
ampicillin and picked onto Luria broth
plates containing 10 pg/ml tetracycline.
Ampicillin-resistant and tetracycline-sensi-
tive colonies were screened for recombinant
plasmids of increased size (Barnes, 1977)
and small amounts of plasmid DNA were
isolated according to Meagher et al. (1977)
for further characterization by restriction
enzyme mapping. Fragmented DNA was
analyzed on 1% horizontal agarose gels or
6 or 8% polyacrylamide gels as described
elsewhere (Palmer et al., 1979).
Preparation of Plasmid inserts
Inserts from recombinant plasmids were
separated from their vector DNA by su-
crose gradient centrifugation as described
by Valenzuela et al. (1977).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
pKK 123
The BamHIIEcoRI-digested DNA from
plasmid pTUB 2 (Miyajima et al., 1979)
containing the 3’ two-thirds of the 23 S RNA
gene on the 18.6% EcoRI fragment of Arifd 18
(Lindahl et al., 1977) was ligated to pBR
313 digested with the same enzymes. We
chose the larger plasmid pBR 313 (9.2 kb)
over pBR 322 (4.3 kb) as vector because
the desired 3.2-bp insert containing part of
the 23 S RNA gene is then more easily re-
solved from the vector DNA by sucrose
gradient centrifugation. E. coli strain RR1
was transformed. Out of 50 ampicillin-
resistant colonies, 14 were tetracycline
sensitive. We isolated the DNA from 8 colo-
nies in a “miniscreen” procedure (Meagher
et al., 1977). Four out of eight samples,
which were double digested with BamHI
and EcoRI, carried the 3.2-kb fragment
and three carried fragments in the size range
of 5-6 kb, which are probably the larger
BamHIIEcoRI fragment from the 18.6%
EcoRI fragment from tiz?lS carried by
pTUB 2 or a BamHIIEcoRI fragment from
the pRSF 2124 vector used for the con-
struction of pTUB 2 (Miyajima et al., 1979).
One plasmid, pKK 123, carries the 3.2-bp
fragment, shown schematically in Fig. 1.
Bernardi and Bernardi (1979) have inde-
pendently constructed a plasmid (pAB 99)
which carries the same 3.2-bp fragment
inserted in pBR 322.
pKK 2361
Because of low yields of plasmid DNA
from strains carrying plasmid PER 24
(Palmer et al., 1979), which contains the
promoter region of the rrnB operon, we at-
3. 114 BROSIUS ET AL.
0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 kbp
I L 1 I ,1 1I r, 4
1
Ram HI
I A t t
Hindm Eco RI Eco RI Barn HI
pER24
I
I I I
pERi pKK 123
I
pKK 2361, pKK 3535
pKK 116
FIG. 1. Schematic of the region of A$‘18 used in these studies. the orientation of the phage DNA
map is reversed from the usual convention, to show the rRNA operon in its conventional orientation.
Wild-type A sequence is shown by hatching , and mature rRNA sequence is shown by black bars. The
scale shows DNA length in kilobase pairs. Sites of restriction enzyme cleavage used in cloning are
shown. Open bars at the bottom show the cloned segments present in the recombinant plasmids. The
pER24 and pER18 segments were cloned in Co1 El (Palmer et al., 1979), pKKll5 in pBR322
(Brosius et nl., 1978), pKK123 and pKK2361 in pBR313, and pKK3535 in pBR322 (cf. Fig. 2).
The orientation of the insert in pKK2361 is analogous to that of pKK3.535. P, and P, are the two
tandem rRNA promoters for rmB. T, and T, are putative transcriptional terminators (Brosius et al.,
1981).
tempted to clone the entire vrnB operon,
which is included in the 7.5kb BumHI frag-
ment of transducing phage hrifd 18 (Boros
and Sain, 1977). We initially chose pBR
313 as vector, because its larger size facili-
tates the isolation of the desired BarnHI/
EcoRI fragment (2189 bp), or the BamHIl
Hind111 fragment (1596 bp), carrying the
rrnB promoter region. After ligation of a
mixture of the Xrifdl8 BumHI fragments
with pBR 313, we transformed E. coli strain
HBlOl and screened colonies for plasmids
of the predicted size range (Barnes, 1977).
Plasmid DNA from eight such colonies was
isolated by the “miniscreen” procedure
(Meagher et al., 1977). The plasmids were
digested with Hind111 and the resulting
fragments were electrophoresed on a 6%
polyacrylamide gel to identify plasmids con-
taining the unique 0.6-kb Hind111 fragment
located at the 5’ end of the 16 S RNA gene
of the rrnB operon (Brosius et al., 1978).
Three transformants contained the fragment
and were further tested by digestion of
plasmid DNA with EcoRI or double diges-
tion with EcoRI/BumHI orHindIIIIBamH1.
The resulting fragments were electrophoresed
on a 1% agarose gel with size markers
including the 2.2-kb insert from PER 18
(Palmer et al., 1979), and the 3.2-kb insert
from pKK 123 (not shown). Plasmid DNA
from the tested colonies gave rise to the
predicted fragments, indicating that all three
contain the 7.5kb BumHI fragment from
kifd18, carrying the entire rrnB operon in
the same orientation with respect to the
vector.
One of the colonies (containing plasmid
pKK 2361) was grown in supplemented
M9-glucose medium (Bolle et al., 1968).
We obtain this plasmid in a yield of about
2 mg/liter. There is no indication of segrega-
tion of the plasmid as in the case of pER
24 (Palmer et al., 1979).
4. SacII
Sac II 1000
:k
Sac II
Bal I
Xma III
115rRNA OPERON PLASMIDS
Pst I
Tth 111 I
FIG. 2. Schematic map of hybrid plasmid pKK 3535. Positions of vector DNA or inserts from other
plasmids carrying parts of the rrnB operon are indicated on the inner circle. The A portion of the
7.5kb fragment is hatched. The genes for the rRNAs and tRNA2’” are represented by filled bars. Two
open reading frames (ORF I and ORF II) flanking the rrnB operon are indicated. The tandem rRNA
promoters PI and P2 and their sites of initiation of transcription are indicated by arrows. A putative
promoter proximal to ORF II is indicated as PORFii. Putative terminators for the rrnB operon are
marked as Tl and T2. The ampicillin and tetracycline genes (the latter is interrupted by the 7.5-kb
BamHI insert) of plasmid vector pBR 322 are dotted. The direction of transcription is indicated
by arrows under the genes. The location of these landmarks and the location of restriction
enzyme (those which recognize a sequence of six nucleotides) sites are based on the known sequence
of pKK 3535 via the primary structures of pBR 322 (Sutcliffe, 1978a) and the 7.5-kb insert (Brosius
et al., 1981). Locations of all but the sites AvrII, &/I, BclI, ClaI, SphI, Trh 1111, and XmaIII have
been confirmed by digestion of pKK 3535 with various enzymes (see Fig. 2; Table 1).
The identity of the plasmid insert was parently identical to pKK 2361 (also with
further confirmed by restriction mapping respect to the orientation of the insert).
with restriction enzymes recognizing se-
quences of four or five nucleotides and by
DNA sequencing (Brosius et al., 1981).
pKK 3535
Kiss et al. (1978) have independently As the nucleotide sequence of both the
constructed a plasmid (2/12) which is ap- 7.5kb insert of pKK 2361 and the 4.3-kb
5. 116 BROSIUS ET AL.
plasmid pBR 322 have recently become
available (Brosius et al., 1981; Sutcliffe,
1978a) it was desirable to subclone the 7.5
kb BarnHI fragment from pKK 2361 into
theBamH1 site of pBR 322. After ligation E.
coli strain HBlOl was transformed and
ampicillin-resistant, tetracycline-sensitive
colonies were screened for plasmids with
the predicted size (Barnes, 1977). Three
out of twelve transformants were further
tested by digestion of their plasmid DNA
with EcoRI. In all cases three fragments
(6.2, 3.5, and 2.2 kb) were resolved on a
1% agarose gel, indicating that the 7.5kb
fragment carrying the rrnB operon was
cloned into vector pBR 322 in the same
orientation as in pKK 2361 (see Fig. 2 for
the detailed physical map of pKK 3535).
Cells from one of the three positive colonies
were grown and plasmid pKK 3535 was iso-
abcdefghi jk lmnopq
FIG. 3. Restriction patterns resolved on a 1% agarose
gel of pKK 3535 digested with various enzymes:
Lanes (a) BarnHI; (b) uncut pKK 3535 (c) Egll; (d)
BglII: (e) BstEII; (f) EcoRI: (g) HindIII; (h) HpI:
(i) PstI; (j) PvuI; (k) PruII: (1) SalI: (m) SmuI: (n)
WI: (0) SacII; (p) XbaI; (q) hDNA digested with
HindIII. The patterns in lanes (a) and(k) reveal in addi-
tion to the expected fragments linear pKK 3535 DNA
due to incomplete digestion. The smear in lane (m) is
caused by exonuclease activity present in the SmaI
preparation. The larger of the expected bands dis-
appeared completely, while the smaller 0.77-kb frag-
ment is still visible. Lane (c) shows the expected
restriction pattern of A DNA cut with HindIII; the
additional band above the 23.7-kb band and the low
yield of the 4.3-kb band is due to the cohesive ends of
ADNA. Fragments smaller than 0.5 kb are not visible.
TABLE 1
SIZES OF FRAGMENTS GENERATED BY DIGESTION
OF pKK3535 DNA WITH VARIOUS
RESTRICTION ENZYMES”
Fragment size
W)
BamHI 7.5, 4.4
BglI 5.0, 2.9, 2.3, 1.4 (0.2)
BglII 11.9
Bst EII 11.9
EcoRI 6.2, 3.5, 2.2
Hind111 5.7, 5.6, 0.6
HpaI 11.9
PSI 8.3, 3.5
PVUI 11.9
PVUII 7.0, 4.9
SulI 6.8, 2.6, 2.5 (0.1)
SmClI 11.0, 0.8
SstI 11.9
Sac11 6.8, 3.5, 1.4 (0.2)
XbaI 11.9
Hind111 (ADNA) 23.7,9.5,6.7,4.3,2.3,2.0(0.6)(0.1)
fl Numbers in parentheses represent predicted frag-
ments not visible on the gel (Fig. 3) due to small size.
lated. The yield of pKK 3535 is about 0.2
mg/liter, much lower than that of pKK 2361.
However we do not observe segregation
of the plasmid. The basis for the differ-
ence in yield between pKK 2361 and pKK
3535 is unknown.
DNA from plasmid pKK 3535 was further
analyzed by digestion with BarnHI, Bgll,
BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, PstI,
PvuI, PvuII, SacII, SalI, SstI, and XbaI
on a 1% agarose gel (Fig. 3). The resulting
fragments are summarized in Table 1 and
are in complete agreement with the nucleo-
tide sequence (11,864 bp) of pKK 3535.
The 7.5-kb insert of pKK 3535 and various
subfragments thereof (isolated in part from
other described plasmids) have been ex-
tensively mapped with about 35 restriction
enzymes, mainly as a prerequisite for gen-
erating fragments for DNA sequence de-
termination. The results are in accord with
the nucleotide sequence of the 7.5-kb insert
(Brosius et al., 198l), except where the
6. rRNA OPERON PLASMIDS 117
digest pattern indicates that predicted sites
remain uncut. These sites include in the
7508bp fragment: (a) HphI at positions
3049, 4180, and 7098; (b) TaqI at position
5385; and (c) Sau96I and AvaII at position
7419. In cases (a) and (b) an MboI site
(G-,A-T-C) overlaps the HphI sites (G-
G-T-G-A or T-C-A-C-C) or the TuqI
site (T-C-G-A) thus including the methyl-
ated A residue in the HphI or TuqI recog-
nition site. This is a likely reason for the
failure of these enzymes to cut if the DNA,
as in our case, is isolated from a dum+,dcm+
strain. Digestion at a much slower rate was
also observed at the TuqI site at position
1125 of pBR 322 (G. Sutcliffe, personal com-
munication), which is similarly overlapped
by an MboI site. In case (c) an EcoRII site
(C-,C-$-G-G) overlaps the Suu961 or
AvuII site (G-G-N-C-C/G-G-$-C-C)
including the methylated C residue in their
recognition site. It has been described pre-
viously (Sutcliffe and Church, 1978) that the
AvuII site at position 1438 of pBR 322 is
digested at a rate about 10 times slower
than the remaining AvuII sites. The Suu961
site at position 3247 of the 7.5-kb fragment,
which is also overlapped by an EcoRII site,
has not yet been tested by enzymatic
digestion.
For an extensive restriction map of pBR
322 see Sutcliffe (1978b). All restriction sites
occurring in pKK 3535, including the 7.5-
kb fragment carrying the rmB operon, have
been compiled and are available from the
authors on request.
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