Guidance and counseling presentation

Guidance and Counseling
in Schools

Educational Guidance
• It is a process of assisting the individual student to reach
optimum educational development.
https://old.amu.ac.in/emp/studym/
99999530.pdf

Cont’d
• Educational Guidance helps the students to make right
choices, as well as make adjustments in relation to
schools, curriculum, courses and school life which
contribute to the all-round development.
• Guidance is a part of the total educational experience of
the child, and teaching is a basic guidance service.
• It must be noted that guidance may be offered by full-
time counselors, by teacher counselors, and by classroom
teachers.

Educational Guidance at Different
Stages
Primary school guidance
Middle school guidance
Secondary school guidance
Higher secondary school guidance

Functions of Educational
Guidance at Primary Level
Counseling and guidance are referred to as psychological
and pedagogical support. It is provided to pupils in nursery
schools, and other educational institutions.
• Assessing pupils’ individual development
• Educational needs
 The pupils will be helped and guided to make a good
beginning in their educational career.
• Psychological and physical abilities
During the process of education, pupils experience
many learning difficulties. Handicaps have to be
detected to ensure progress.
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/guidance-
and-counselling-early-childhood-and-school-education-50_en

Cont’d
• Identifying pupils’ strengths, interests and aptitudes or
talents
They need to be helped according to their abilities and
interests.
• Identifying reasons behind academic failures or
difficulties in pupils’ functioning,
• To make them familiar with different types of courses and
activities available.
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/guidance-
and-counselling-early-childhood-and-school-education-50_en

Guidance at Middle Level
• To develop their maximum personal potential
Tolerate behavior of others
• To acquire appreciation of all persons as members of
society.
• To cope with problems that interfere with their
personal growth and development(Physical,
emotional, social concerns)
Guidance
and
counseling
in
the
classroom
by
DUGALD
S.
ARBUCKLE

Cont’d
• To maximize their academic potential
to understand environment, structure and program of
the school
• To develop interests and capabilities that contribute to
their future success and happiness.
Relative strengths and weaknesses
• To acquire information and experience that will enhance
their career development process.
General career alternatives, personal characteristics
Guidance
and
counseling
in
the
classroom
by
DUGALD
S.
ARBUCKLE

Guidance at Secondary Level
• Help them in enhancing their thinking
To develop a new way of thinking, new associations
and new spheres of concerns.(Thinking out of the box)
• Attitude development
It forms certain attitude towards the school, the
teachers, and education.
• Development of certain likes and dislikes
Career development
Educational
and
vocational
guidance
in
secondary
schools
by
KOCHHAR

Cont’d
• Intelligence and abilities
Working on underdeveloped students
• Personality traits
Honesty, Sincerity etc.

Guidance at H. Secondary Level
• Selection of courses/ vocations with their abilities and
interests.
• For the understanding of the objectives of higher
education
 To decide the line of action for themselves
• To orient themselves to the new purposes of education
through talks
Educational
and
vocational
guidance
in
secondary
schools
by
KOCHHAR

Cont’d
• Prosperous individual and social life
They should be made to realize the role education can
play to enable them to live a happier life.

Role of Guidance in Education
• To provide healthy environment
• Equal opportunity and care
• To provide suitable accommodation and facilities for
guidance
• To make adequate provision in budget
• To establish and maintain cumulative record
• To send teachers for in services training
https://.youtu.be/D4nD3zdvpJo

Cont’d
• To arrange whole time or part time guidance
• To evaluate the guidance program in order to check its
effectiveness and evolve measure to strengthen it further
• The teacher must know about the basic principles that
guide human behavior
• To guide students about vocations
• To analyze students attitude or feelings toward others

Cont’d
• To develop special interest and aptitude
• To participate in workshop, seminars etc.
• The teacher must cooperate in the delivery and evaluation
of guidance services

Cont’d
• Government of Pakistan(Ministry of Education) has
mentioned the following duties of teacher in the guidance
program in its manual of educational and vocational
guidance
To collect information about students for preparation of
cumulative record
To provide assistance in moral development
To develop interest and attitude

Tools and Techniques of
Guidance
• The tools and techniques are generally employed by
guidance worker for collecting basic data about a person.
• The only consideration which the guidance worker should
keep in mind is that the techniques employed should give
reliable and objective information.
• The use of a particular technique, however, depends upon
what the guidance worker wants to get out of it.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.slideshare.net/Nisha
dMuhammed4/tools-and-techniques-of-guidance&ved=2ahUKEwj-haeY7-
P0AhVLLBoKHTmUDm0QFnoECAQQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2BpcaoO3AABe7cBsXH7si8

Cont’d
• Some tools and techniques are as follows :
Personal Rapport
Observations
Interview
Psychological tests
Sociometry tests
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.slideshare.net/Nish
adMuhammed4/tools-and-techniques-of-guidance&ved=2ahUKEwj-haeY7-

Observations
• This is an oral and visual way of measuring what a person
says and what a person does.
• It is basic to other guidance techniques which does not
necessarily pertain only to verbal language.
• Behavior is studied through observation by a trained
observer.
• An observer is expected to observe well defined
behaviors free from biasness and prejudices.

Cont’d
• The effectiveness of the technique depends upon the
skillfulness of the observer.
• Parent, teacher, and guider should know
what to observe
how to observe
what to describe
how to interpret
• This technique is useful in the study of students and
individuals but its usefulness depends upon the manner
and purpose with which they are conducted.

Aspects of Behavior to be
Observed
• Study habits
• Leadership qualities
• Desire to get attention
• Paying attention
• Acts of dishonesty
• Speech difficulties
• Ways of asking/answering questions

Limitations
• The observer may have a strong biasness which can be
overcome by proper training.
• The observation may be limited in time but a real observer can
always find time.
• The observer may not be accurate in reporting but practice can
help perfection in result.
• The observed behavior may be miss -interpreted. The items
reported which are out of proportion to the total situation can
always be reorganized to fit into a total situation.

Interview
• It is a non testing technique
• It is a face to face communication
• It is purposeful conversation
• Technique for collecting information
• Subjective method
https://www.google.com/search?q=purpose+of+interview+in+guidance+and+counselling&r
lz=1C1CHBF_enPK830PK830&oq=purpose+of+interview+in+guidance+and+couns&aqs=chr
ome.1.69i57j33i22i29i30l4.30319j1j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Types of Interview
• Employment interview
• Fact finding interview
• Diagnostic interview
• Counseling interview
• Structured interview
• Unstructured interview
https://dictionary.apa.org/intake-interview

Purpose of Interview
• To diagnose the problem.
• Obtain the information for adjustment.
https://dictionary.apa.org/intake-interview

Case Study
• It is in- depth investigation of a person or group.
• All aspects of life and history is analyzed.
• It is a comprehensive collection of information.
http://www.arcnjournals.org/images/ASA-IAJETR-7-2-1.pdf

Steps of Case Study
• Recognition of problem
• Collection of data
• Diagnosis
• Application
https://leverageedu.com/blog/types-of-psychological-
tests/

Sociometry Technique
• Developed by J.L MORENO ,HLELLEN in 1960.
• Non testing technique
• It enable teachers and parents to know the structure of
social relationship that exists among members of the
group.
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/sociometric-
technique-for-school-guidance-education/90055

Types of Sociometery Technique
• The nomination
• The social acceptance
• The WHO’S WHO or GUESS WHO
https://www.slideshare.net/jonaceldimacaligloria/c
hapter-3-21425173

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