The document summarizes the journey of broadcasting in India from early telegraph systems to current radio and television services. It covers the definition of broadcasting and provides details on the history and development of radio broadcasting through All India Radio since 1930. It also discusses the introduction and growth of television broadcasting through Doordarshan since 1959. The document outlines different types of broadcasting and various radio and television channels that provide agricultural information and education to farmers in India.

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JOURNEY
OF
BROADCASTING
Dr Rita Rajpoot
MVSc 1st year
M-5641
Credit seminar

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Content
 DEFINITION
 REVIEW
 METHOD OF BROADCASTING
 TYPE OF BROADCASTING
 BENEFITS OF RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCAST
 TV CHANNEL (DOORDARSHAN AND DD KISAN)
 RADIO CHENNEL (ALL INDIA RADIO , LOCAL RADIO STATION,
RURAL RADIO FORUMS AND FARM SCHOOL ON AIR)
 FAILURES WITH IN PUBLIC BROADCASTING

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Broadcasting is the practice of
creating audio or video program
content and distributing it to the
mass audiences of Radio &
Television

4. • Nair (2011) made an in-depth analysis of the existing framework of
community broadcasting in India along with historical background,
legal and financial aspects, policy interventions, government and
corporate interest. In this paper, the effort is also made to find out
the best possible practices to bring community radio as a
community participatory tool in India to ensure the participation of
the underprivileged sections of the society in designing, producing
as well as subsequent airing of radio programmes mostly based on
local community issues, problems, needs and interests
4
Review

5. • Tabing (2007) found that 81% of the respondents from the
farmers have benefited from the programme and the 65% of the
broadcasters transmitted the scientific information related to
farming activities
5
The opinion of farmers on the rural broadcast of All India Radio,
Jallandar was studied by Momi et al (1985). It was reported that
considerably 42% a larger number of respondents opinion that the
messages broadcast through radio were simple, practicable, complete
and timely

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 First successful optical telegraph invented by
French engineer Claude Chappe and his brothers in
1792
 Covering with a network of 556 stations
 Station directly connected with wire
It was used for military and national
communications until the 1850s
TELEGRAPHICAL BROADCASTING

8. Telephone broadcasting is the earliest form of electronic broadcasting
from 1867
Telephone broadcasting began with the advent of Théâtrophone
("Theatre Phone") systems
Telephone-based distribution systems allowing subscribers to listen to
live theatre performances
Invented by French inventor Clément Ader in 1881
Telephone broadcasting provided telephone newspaper services for
news and entertainment programming which were introduced in the
1890s
TELEPHONE BROADCASTING

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The audio signals sent through the air as
radio waves from a transmitter, picked up
by antenna and sent to a receiver
1st documented radio transmission
occurred in 1895 by Guglielmo Marconi
RADIO BROADCASTING

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1923 – Radio club of Bombay
1926 – Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC)
April, 1930 –Formed Indian State Broadcasting Service
(ISBS)
January 1936 - Delhi radio station was opened
June 8, 1936 - the ISBS was renamed All India Radio (AIR)
Sardar Vallabhai Patel was the first Minister of Information
and Broadcasting in Independent India

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1956 - AIR officially called Akashvani
1957 – Vividh Bharti started
1957 – Rural Radio Forums
Nov 23, 1997 - Prasar Bharati
All India Radio launched news-on-phone service on 25
February 1998 in New Delhi
15th February, 2004 -Kisan Vani for AIR

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Pictures with words and sound effects and
used to create instant mass awareness
Television broadcasting (telecast),
experimentally from 1925, commercially from
the 1930s
The first regular television broadcasts started
in 1937
Television broadcasting

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In India :
1956:-The General Conference of UNESCO which was hosted by India in
New Delhi made a provision to set up a pilot project to study the use of TV
as a medium of education, rural uplift and community development
September 15,1959:-Television was introduced in Delhi
1961:-Doordarshan was used as a support to middle and higher secondary
school education
January 26,1967:-Krishi Darshan for rural was inaugurated

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1982 :- Colour transmission was initiated in the ASIAD games
August,1983 :- Launch of INSAT 1 B, a regular INSAT service in six states
of India (Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Gujrat , Bihar and Uttar
Pradesh )
1985:- DD teletext service known as INTEXT was started
It provided the viewers with news, rail and air timings, weather information
and other data of common interest
1997:-DD being autonomous after Prasar Bharti Act
 26th may, 2015:-DD KISAN

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Cable radio (also called "cable FM", from 1928) and cable television from 1932
Direct- broadcast satellite (DBS) (from 1974) and satellite radio
(from 1990)
For direct-to-home broadcast programming ( 21 channel )
Webcasting of video/television (from 1993) and audio/radio (from 1994)
Offers a mix of traditional radio and television station broadcast
programming with dedicated internet radio

16. A view of Broadcasting Infrastructure

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TYPE OF BROADCASTING
Commercial
broadcasting:
Community
broadcasting:
Public broadcasting

18. Public broadcasting
• Usually non-profit
• Publicly owned stations
• Networks supported by license fees,
government funds

19. For-profit
Usually privately owned stations
Channels, networks, or services providing
programming to the public
Supported by the sale of time to advertisers for
radio or television advertisements in breaks
between programs
Commercial broadcasting

20. • A Community Radio Station is one that is operated in
the community, for the community, about the
community and by the community - UNESCO
• There are community television stations and
community radio stations
• Community television stations usually have shows
about local issues and community events
• Community radio stations often get their funding
from local governments, local universities, and from
donations by listeners
Community broadcasting

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22.  Vast changes in villages particularly green revolution
could not have come about so quickly without the use
of radio (Baruah 1983)
 AIR has brought the new technology in agriculture to
the door of the farmers by giving support to various
farmers training and functional literacy programmes
of the ministries of agriculture and education

23.  AIR has stepped up its activities of Agriculture Broadcast with the launch of
exclusive project Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension
 Kisan Vani for AIR from 15th February, 2004 in collaboration with Ministry of
Agriculture to inform local farmers the daily market rates, weather reports and
day to day activities in their area at micro level
 Presently, "Kisan Vani" is being broadcast from 96 FM stations of AIR

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Electronic audio-
visual medium
Pictures with words and sound effects and used to
create instant mass awareness
Speeds up adoption as
strong in providing the
stimulus and exposing the
audience to whole range of
ideas and experiences
TV Benefits

25. • TV era in India began on Sept 15, 1959 by a
UNESCO grant to study its use as medium of
education, rural uplift and community
development
• In 1967 came the pilot project of agricultural
communication initiated by Dr. Vikram sarabhai Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
(The cradle of space sciences in India)
• Titled Krishi Darshan, or Agriculture Television, was primarily aimed at
demonstrating the effectiveness of TV as a medium for propagating latest
technical and scientific knowledge about farming practices

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27. Doordarshan
August 15, 1982 also introduced color TV
On Aug 15, 1982 national networking became a
reality with establishment of satellite links
through Indian National Satellite INSAT-1A
Doordarshan was formed in April 1, 1976
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The DD holds the first rights for coverage of national ceremonies such
as the Independence Day, and sporting events of national importance
such as the Olympics, the Commonwealth Games, The Asiad Games
etc

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Prasar Bharati is India's largest public broadcaster
 It is an autonomous body set up by an Act of Parliament and comprises
Doordarshan television network and All India Radio
Came into existence on 23 Nov, 1997
Prasar Bharati was established following a demand that government
owned broadcasters in India should be given autonomy like those in many
other countries

30. DD KISAN
It is an Indian agriculture 24 hour television channel which is owned by
Doordarshan
Launched on 26th may, 2015
Dedicated to agriculture & related sectors, disseminates real time inputs to
farmers on new farming techniques, water conservation, organic farming and
credit availability
Updates on daily market rates for commodities and weather
Quiz shows, talk shows, phone-in programmes, news bulletin and
entertainment

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All India Radio is one of the largest and most famous radio broadcasters
across the world was established in 1930
All India Radio (AIR), officially known as Akashvani since 1956
AIR home service comprises 415 stations today
AIR originates programming in 27 languages 15 are foreign and 12 Indian
AIR launched the FM Rainbow channel on Feb 1, 1993

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 Vividh Bharati, AIR FM Rainbow, AIR FM Gold, and Radio Kashmir are some
programs of AIR
 At present AIR has 206 FM transmitters across the country
 FM Gold Channel came on air on 1st September, 2001

33. Local Radio Station
The 3 tier broadcasting network in the country
1. National broadcasts (Started on 18th May 1988)
2. Regional broadcasts (116 Regional Channels )
3. Local (FM) Radio stations (86 Local Stations )
Ideally suited to dissemination of farm technology according to agro
climatic regions
Strong medium for promoting two way communication

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35. Radio Rural Forums
Experiment in India sponsored jointly by Ministry of I & B and UNESCO
in 1956
Worked on principle “combination of mass media and interpersonal
communication is more effective than mass media alone”
Farm members listened to biweekly broadcasts for 30-45 mins each day on
agriculture and related subjects, held discussions and forwarded their
questions to be answered by original broadcaster or the expert
Resulted in greater gain in knowledge of innovations among farmers

36. FarmSchool on AIR
Method of providing systematic education of farming through the process of
distant learning
A comprehensive syllabus is planned in consultation with experts (of State
Government and University) by radio officers
Lessons are broadcast by trainer on pre-announced fixed days, once in a week
with provision for repeated broadcasts
Announcing results on radio and issue of certificates of participation
Farm school trainees are utilized to spread the farm education they obtain from
farm school

37. Failures of Public Broadcasting
 Political interventions
 Management & staffing inadequacies
 Failure to reach to the audience
 Failure to catch up
 News quality & credibility back drop
 Minimal quality of programmes
 Drawbacks in policy 37

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