B.A- LLB 4TH Sem UNit-1st Law & Media Topic Covered Understanding broadcast sector Evolution of broadcast sector in India Some Questions regarding this topic video link:-https://youtu.be/ZOaRfG9owkQ

1. LAW & MEDIA II
BA-LLB IV SEM
Concepts :-
Understanding Broadcast Sector
Evolution of Broadcast Sector in India

2. Broadcast is an element of communication. Communication has five elements one of them
is MEDIA through this the communicator transfer his/her message.
The medium of Mass communication has been of two categories that is print media and
broad cast media .
The broad cast media of two type
VISUAL AND AUDIO

3. Elements of communication
Medium
communica
tor Message Audience Feedback
Print Broadcast
Radio
Audio /
Visual

4. BROADCASTING POLICY
 The government monopoly of broadcasting rested on Article 246 of the Indian constitution .
 It states that states that parliament has exclusive powers to make laws with respect to the matters enumerated in list
1 of 6th schedule.
 The exclusive monopoly of use of airwaves was struck down by supreme court in 1955.
 It therefore directed the Central Govt. to constitute an autonomous broadcasting authority to license and regulate
the use of the airwaves for broadcasting .
 In September 1990 the PRASAR BHARATI ( or the Broadcasting corporation of India ) was established as a
autonomous body to give effect to Prasar Bharati Act 1990 .

5. BROADCATING CODE
Current broadcasting policy is based on the AIR Code of 1970 ,which sets down the broadcasts on (AIR) will not permit .
a) Criticism of friendly countries.
b) Attack on religion or countries
c) Incitement to violence or anything against the maintenance of law & order
d) Anything obscene or defamatory
e) Anything amounting to contempt of court
f) Aspersions against the integrity of the President , governors, and judiciary .
g) Attack on political party by name
h) Hostile critism of any state or center
i) Anything showing disrespect to the constitution of India
ETHICS OF BROADCASTING
 The ethics of broadcasting is similar to those for the print media.
 They need for the caution in reporting violence and communal disturbances .
 They reply in the respectly & confidentiality.
Need to eschew obscenity and vulgarity

6. Broadcasting policy is based on the AIR Code
of 1970 ,will not Permit
Criticism of any friendly
country
Attack on Religion
Anything Defamatory
Anything obscene
Incitement of law and order
Disrespect of Indian
Constitution
Hostile criticism of any state
or centre
Aspersion against President,
judiciary& governors
Anything amounting contempt
of court

7. BROADCASTING ACT 1997
The supreme court decided in 1975 that there should be an agency to regulate broadcasting service and broadcastind
should be control by the peoples not by the government.
On the basis of the decision supreme court introduce “Broadcasting Bill” before the Indian Parliament in 1977.it was
divided into 6 parts . There is a provision of Indian Broadcasting Authority in the second chapter of the bill.
Functions of the AUTHORITY : the authority will issue license for broadcasting services after the enactment of the act
services mentioned in sec(9)(1) .
Powers of the authority for issue license for the broadcasting Service
1. Community radio broadcast
2. Community television broadcast
3. Satellite radio broadcast
4. Satellite television broadcast
5. Direct home broadcast
6. Local relay service and
7. Such other services ,as may be prescribed .

8. EVOLUTION OF BROADCAST SECTOR
•RADIO
• Radio is an audio medium of mass communication .Radio came in USA in 1909.A station in San Jose , California, it
start broadcasting announcements and phonograph music .
• In India THE RADIO CLUB OF BOMBAY introduce
First program in June 1923 and was followed by Calcutta Radio Club in nov.1923
• The madras Radio Club started broadcasting on 31/July/1924 & later closed due to
financial difficulties and restarted in 1930.
• THE INDIAN BROADCASTING COMPANY (IBC) was started as an organized broadcast in
1927 name changed to INDIAN LISTNER later then again AKASHVANI
• The government took over Bombay & Calcutta station in April/1930 and formed INDIAN
BROADCASTING SERVICE BUT due to some financial crisis it was forced to close down .
• After that decide to start Radio station in Delhi which went on air on /jan/1936 and ALL
INDIAN RADIO was adopted on 8/June/1936 and in 1938 it covers the entire country .
Lucknow -2/April/1938
Madras -16/June/1938
A new broadcasting house was built on parliament street , New Delhi and was inaugurated
in June 1947.

9.  TELEVISION
Experiments in television broadcasting started in the 20th century in the USA .
Television come to India on 15/September/1956 on strong demands for Television in
India by manufactures , businessmen , educational institutions ,UNESCO offered a
grant of $20,000 to buy community sets .US also offered equipment.
Government setup a TV station at Delhi on an experimental basis .The transmission
could cover an area of 40 kilometer and each program was 20 minutes duration.
TV has the power to instill desire attitudes among the masses/ target audience it has
a greater influence on the perception ,emotions and outlook of the masses than any
other medium .

10. EVOLUTION OF BROADCAST SECTOR IN INDIA
PRASARBHARATI
Prasar Bharati is the public service broadcaster of the country consisting of ALL INDIA RADIO and
DOORDARSHAN . It came into existence on 23/November/1997 with mandate to organize and
conduct public broadcasting services to inform , educate and entertain people and to ensure a
balanced development of broadcasting on radio and television .
The Major objective of Prasar Bharati Act ,1990 are:-
a) Upholding the Unity and Integrity of the country and the values enshrined in the constitution
b) Promoting national integration
c) Safeguarding citizen’s right and to be informed on all matters of public interest and presenting a
fair and balanced flow of information .
d) Paying special attention to the fields of education and spread of literacy ,agriculture, rural
development ,health and family welfare and science and technology .
e) Creating awareness about women’s issue and taking special steps for protects the interest of
children , the aged and other vulnerable sections of society .
f) Providing adequate coverage to the diverse cultures, sports and games and youth affairs .
g) Promoting social justice , safeguarding the rights of working classes ,minorities and tribal
communities and,
h) Expanding broadcasting facilities and promoting research and development in broadcast
technology .

11. ALL INDIA RADIO
Radio Broadcasting in India in 1920 ‘s . The first program was broadcast in 1923 by the RADIO CLUB
OF BOMBAY . Broadcasting services were setup in 1927 with two privately owned transmitters at
Bombay and Calcutta. The govt. took over the transmitters in 1930 and started operating in the
name of INDIAN BROADCASTING SERVICE .It was changed to ALL INDIA RADIO (AIR) in 1936 and
came to be known as AKASHVANI from 1957.
AIR has launched Agriculture Channel “KISAN VANI” from 15/ February /2004 in collaboration with
the Ministry of Agriculture to inform local farmers about daily market rates , whether reports and
day to day in their areas . Presently it broadcast from 96AIR Stations.
KISAN VANI =
15/FEB/2004

12. DOORDARSHAN
Doordarshan is a public broadcaster and the largest terrestrial television network in the world . it
started on 15/September/1956 to transmit educational and the development program on an
experimental basis with the half an hour program in new Delhi . regular television service as a part of
ALL INDIA RADIO commenced in:-
Delhi (1965)
Bombay (1972)
Calcutta (1975)
Chennai (1975)
Doorsarshan was established on 15 September 1956 and color television was introduce in 1982 during
the 9th Asian Games held in New Delhi .
Network of Doordarshan consist of 64 kendra,1400 transmitters,24channels and 23 regional news units.
64 KENDRA,
1400TRANSMITTERS
,24CHANNEL & 23
REGIONA L NEWS

13. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. What is broadcast sector ?
2. Examine the scope of broadcasting rights and trace the evolution of broadcasting in india .
3. What is the role of Prasar Bharati in ensuring a balanced development of broadcasting on radio and television ?
4. “Radio waves are public property” the supreme court of india decided . discuss the impact of the decision enactment
of broadcasting act1997.
5 Discuss the importance of broadcasting sector in mass media communication
6 .What are the Main Ethics of Media Broadcasting ?
7 What is the Broadcasting Act 1997 and what are the main authorities of the act ?