This document discusses growth and development. It defines growth as an increase in size, height, and weight, while development refers to orderly changes towards maturity. Growth is a quantitative change and one aspect of development, whereas development involves qualitative changes and is a continuous, integrated process influenced by both heredity and environment. Some key principles of growth and development discussed are sequential progression from head to toe and general to specific; constancy of individual differences; continuity; interaction between heredity and environment; and development being a product of maturation and learning. The roles of various endocrine glands like the pituitary, thyroid, and sex glands in influencing physical, intellectual, emotional and social development are also summarized.

2. GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Ms.Enu Sambyal
Assistant Professor

3. MEANING AND DEFINITION
OF GROWTH
 Meaning of Growth : An increase in size, height and weight of
the bodily parts of organisms as a whole .It it can be generally
be easily observed or measured.
 According to Hurlock ,” Growth is change in size, in
proportion and disappearance of old features and acquisition
of new ones.”
 According to Crow and Crow, "Growth refers to structural
and physiological changes.”

4. MEANING AND DEFINITION
OF DEVELOPMENT
 Meaning of Development : it is series of orderly progression
of change towards maturity. It refers to change in structure
and improvement in its functioning.
 In the view of Hurlock,” development means a progressive
sires of changes that occur in orderly predictable pattern as a
result of maturation and experience.”

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF
GROWTH
Intrinsic Process
Extrinsic Changes
An aspect of development
Measureable
Dependent upon multiple factors
Not continuous

6. CHARACTERSTICS OF
DEVELOPMENT
 Wider and comprehensive
 Continuous
 Changes in body and behavior
 Quantitative as well as qualitative changes
 Integrated Process
 Organisational Process
 Product of Heredity and Environment

7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
One of the aspect of development Wider and comprehensive
Not a continuous process Continuous process
Changes in particular aspect Changes as a whole
Quantitative changes Qualitative changes
Improvement in structure Improvement in structure and functioning
Not Integrated Integrated
Measurement Assessment
Organism Environment
May not bring development Possible without growth

8. DEVELOPMENT
Physical and
motor
Development
Social
Development
Intellectual
Development
Emotional
Development
Aesthetic
Development
Moral
Development
Vocational
Development
Language
Development
Personal
Development
ASPECTS OF
DEVELOPMENT

9. PRINCIPLES OF
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
1. Principle of Sequential Development
3. Principle of constancy of Individual
Differences
4. Principle of Continuity
5. Interaction of Heredity and Environment
6. Principle of Inter-related development
2. Proceeds from general to specific
7. Principle of cumulative
8.Product of maturation and learning
9. Principle of Predictability

10. Principle of Sequential
Development
A. Cephalocaudal
Sequence
(Head to Toe)
B. Proximodistal
Sequence
( Centre to Outer )

11. Development
proceeds from
General to Specific

12. PRINCIPLE OF CONSTANCY OF
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Individual differences in the development
remain constant
Children who develop slow at the time of
birth, will continue to do so through out
the life and vice versa.

13. Principle of
continuity

14. Interaction of Heredity
and Environment

15. Principle of
Cumulative
Development can be easily predictable ,whether it is
physical, intellectual or motor development
Cumulative means to add on ,a single experience
matters in the life .
Principle of
Predictability

16. Principle of interrelated
development

17. Principle of Maturation
and learning

18. Influence of Heredity and
environment on Growth and
Development

19. INFLUENCE OF HEREDITY ON
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Heredity and Biological
Factors
Physical
Structure
Intelligence Sex Differences Nervous System
Endocrine
Glands

20. Endocrine Glands
It plays an important role in influencing physical, intellectual, emotional, social
and moral development. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system
that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood.
1. Thyroid Gland
2. Pituitary Gland
3. Parathyroid Gland
4. Adrenal Gland
5. Gonads or Sex Glands

22. Pituitary Gland : called
as master gland .it
maintain chemical
equilibrium of the body
Underactivity : It
leads to Dwarfism,
Underdeveloped
Muscles etc. and
Vice versa.
Thyroid Gland :
Important function in
physical as well as
mental development
Overactivity : it
leads to restless,
Hyperactive
excitable and
aggressive
Parathyroid Glands :
It regulates calcium
phosphorous balance
Deficiency of
Parathoromone :
causes cramps ,
muscular
tenseness

23. Adrenal Glands :
Secrete Two
hormones –Cortin
and Andrenaline.
Deficiency of Cortin
leads to lack of sleep,
Lowered metabolism
and weakness
Overactivity of
Adernaline : it stimulates
release of blood sugar from
the liver. It cause rapid
heart beat and high Blood
pressure.
Sex Glands : Hormones
produced by males are
androgens and by females are
oestrogens, Progestrone and
relaxin