This document provides an overview of reservoir routing methods, specifically the Modified Puls Method and Goodrich Method. It begins with definitions of routing, flood routing, and reservoir routing. It then describes the Modified Puls Method (also called the Inflow-Storage-Discharge Method), including the continuity equation used and provides a numerical example of applying the method. Next, it briefly introduces the Goodrich Method and provides a second numerical example of routing a flood hydrograph through a reservoir using this method.
Flood has a great role in the socioeconomic status of the community living in the sourrounding of the river. How to analyze and manage the flood water is a real issue facing throughout the world specially in the developing countries. Unit Hydrograph play a vital role in predicting and analyzing the watershed water.
This is a easy-to-learn material to guide how to formulate SWMM input file. After following, you will know how to simulate the hydrology of the study watershed. Also check the floodings of all nodes.
Vision & Mission, Course profile, :Lesson Plan, Definition on hydrology, hydrologic cycle, uses of hydrology, solar and earth radiation, temperature, measurement of radiation, vapor.
Propagação de Cheias (Parte 1) - Rios e Canais Hidrologia UFC
Módulo de Propagação de Cheias em Rios e Canais, pertencente à disciplina de Hidrologia do curso de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Disciplina ministrada pelo professor Francisco de Assis de Sousa Filho.
Flood Routing.ppt:flood routing and controlmulugeta48
Flood routing is the process of determining the reservoir stage, storage volume and of the outflow hydrograph corresponding to a known hydrograph of inflow into the reservoir.
For this, the capacity curve of the reservoir, i.e., ‘storage vs pool elevation’ and ‘outflow rate vs pool elevation’ , curves are required.
Storage volumes for different pool elevations are determined by planimetering the contour map of the reservoir site.
For example, the volume of water stored (V) between two successive contours having areas A1 and A2 (planimetered) and the contour interval d, is given by
Cone formula, V
Prismoidal formula,
Where Am = (A1+A2)/2, i.e., area midway between the two successive contours. The Prismoidal formula is more accurate.
The outflow rates are determined by computing the discharge through the sluices and the spillway discharge for different water surface elevations of the reservoir (i.e., pool elevations):
Discharge through sluices,
Discharge over spillway crest,
Outflow from the reservoir O = Qsl +Qsp
For routing the flood by the modified Puls method (storage indicator method), Table 3 , corresponding to the initial pool elevation of 110 m, O = 124 cumec, 2S/t + O = 4664 cumec and 2S/t – O = 4416 cumec are read off.
For this 2S/t – O = 4416 cumec, (I1 +I2) = 50 + 70 = 120 cumec is added to get the right hand side of eq (8), i.e., 2S/t + O = 4416 + 120 = 4536 cumec.
For this value of 2S/t + O, O = 123 cumec, and 2S/t – O = 4290 cumec are read off from the curves.
For O = 123 cumec, the pool elevation of 109.8 m is read off from the O vs pool elevation curve.
Flood has a great role in the socioeconomic status of the community living in the sourrounding of the river. How to analyze and manage the flood water is a real issue facing throughout the world specially in the developing countries. Unit Hydrograph play a vital role in predicting and analyzing the watershed water.
This is a easy-to-learn material to guide how to formulate SWMM input file. After following, you will know how to simulate the hydrology of the study watershed. Also check the floodings of all nodes.
Vision & Mission, Course profile, :Lesson Plan, Definition on hydrology, hydrologic cycle, uses of hydrology, solar and earth radiation, temperature, measurement of radiation, vapor.
Propagação de Cheias (Parte 1) - Rios e Canais Hidrologia UFC
Módulo de Propagação de Cheias em Rios e Canais, pertencente à disciplina de Hidrologia do curso de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Disciplina ministrada pelo professor Francisco de Assis de Sousa Filho.
Flood Routing.ppt:flood routing and controlmulugeta48
Flood routing is the process of determining the reservoir stage, storage volume and of the outflow hydrograph corresponding to a known hydrograph of inflow into the reservoir.
For this, the capacity curve of the reservoir, i.e., ‘storage vs pool elevation’ and ‘outflow rate vs pool elevation’ , curves are required.
Storage volumes for different pool elevations are determined by planimetering the contour map of the reservoir site.
For example, the volume of water stored (V) between two successive contours having areas A1 and A2 (planimetered) and the contour interval d, is given by
Cone formula, V
Prismoidal formula,
Where Am = (A1+A2)/2, i.e., area midway between the two successive contours. The Prismoidal formula is more accurate.
The outflow rates are determined by computing the discharge through the sluices and the spillway discharge for different water surface elevations of the reservoir (i.e., pool elevations):
Discharge through sluices,
Discharge over spillway crest,
Outflow from the reservoir O = Qsl +Qsp
For routing the flood by the modified Puls method (storage indicator method), Table 3 , corresponding to the initial pool elevation of 110 m, O = 124 cumec, 2S/t + O = 4664 cumec and 2S/t – O = 4416 cumec are read off.
For this 2S/t – O = 4416 cumec, (I1 +I2) = 50 + 70 = 120 cumec is added to get the right hand side of eq (8), i.e., 2S/t + O = 4416 + 120 = 4536 cumec.
For this value of 2S/t + O, O = 123 cumec, and 2S/t – O = 4290 cumec are read off from the curves.
For O = 123 cumec, the pool elevation of 109.8 m is read off from the O vs pool elevation curve.
El presente tiene como finalidad desarrollar los respectivos problemas aplicando el método de Bresse.
Para efectos de dichos cálculos se ha empleado hojas lectrónicas, Cada problema
constituye su respectivo análisis en lo que a su tipo se refiere, capturas de la hoja
electrónica empleada con su respectivo gráfico y finalmente la captura hecha del
software H-CANALES V3 que comprueba el correcto desarrollo del mismo.
Sea water parameters, i.e. salinity, temperature and tidal are always
vary in value. Variations in the water column can be divided into two
categories. Firstly, tides, weather, and currents can affect the
elevation of the sea surface. Secondly, changes in salinity and water
temperature can induce variation in water velocity. Variations in the
water column at a three-dimensional survey can induce time shift,
resulting in a lateral discontinuity in crossline section.
This final project is to discuss how far the changes in salinity and
temperature, changes in tidal height and change of both in
simultaneously (the effect of water column) can affect the continuity
of crossline reflection on a acquisition survey. This study is started
from the discovery of high temperature and salinity values of a sea
water to determine water velocity. For the modeling, seismic velocity
and tidal values are simulated randomly to simulate a sailline.
From the result it can be concluded that for the marine
acquisition with a depth of 1000 m, tides up to 12 meters can cause
timeshift by 12 ms. Sea water velocity that varies from 1493 m/s up to
1503 m/s can cause up to 12 ms time shift, while 2 meters in tidal
difference and 3 m/s in velocity variation can be ignored. Effects of
water column consisting of water velocity variations and tidal
variations can cause up to 25 ms time shift. If not corrected, this
large time shift would cause lateral discontinuities in crossline
section.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. What is routing?
• Routing- is the process of
prediction temporal and spatial
variation of a flood wave as it
travels through a river or channel
reach or reservoir.
4. Two types of routing
• Hydrologic routing
Lumped/hydrologic
• Flow is calculated as a function of time alone at a particular location
• Governed by continuity equation and flow/storage relationship
• Hydraulic routing
Distributed/hydraulic
• Flow is calculated as a function of space and time throughout the
system
• Governed by continuity and momentum equations
5. What is flood routing?
• Flood routing- procedure to
compute output hydrograph when
input hydrograph and physical
dimensions of the storage are
known.
6. What is reservoir?
• Reservoir -usually means an
enlarged natural or artificial
lake, storage
pond or impoundment created
using a dam or lock to store water.
7. Types of reservoir
•Storage/ conservation reservoir
•Flood control reservoir
•Multi purpose reservoir
•Distribution reservoir
8. What is reservoir routing?
• Reservoir routing- used to
determine the peak-flow
attenuation that a hydrograph
undergoes as it enters a reservoir or
other type of storage pool.
10. Pul’s Method or Inflow-storage-
discharge Method
• The modified puls routing method is probably most
often applied to reservoir routing
• The method may also be applied to river routing for
certain channel situations.
• The modified puls method is also referred to as the
storage-indication method.
• The heart of the modified puls equation is found by
considering the finite difference form of the
continuity equation.
11. Pul’s Method or Inflow-storage-
discharge Method
Continuity Equation
Rewritten
The solution to the modified puls method is
accomplished by developing a graph (or table) of O -
vs- [2S/Δt + O]. In order to do this, a stage-
discharge-storage relationship must be known,
assumed, or derived.
t
S
-
S
=
2
O
+
O
(
-
2
I
+
I 1
2
2
1
2
1
O
+
t
S
2
=
O
-
t
S
2
+
I
+
I 2
2
1
1
2
1
12. Modified Puls Example
Given the following hydrograph and the 2S/t + O curve,
find the outflow hydrograph for the reservoir assuming it
to be completely full at the beginning of the storm.
The following hydrograph is given:
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
0 2 4 6 8 10
Discharge
(cfs)
Time (hr)
Hydrograph For Modified Puls Example
14. Modified Puls Example
• A table may be created as follows:
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15. Modified Puls Example
• Next, using the hydrograph and interpolation, insert the Inflow
(discharge) values.
• For example at 1 hour, the inflow is 30 cfs.
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0
1 30
2 60
3 90
4 120
5 150
6 180
7 135
8 90
9 45
10 0
11 0
12 0
Hydrograph For Modified Puls Example
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (hr)
Discharge
(cfs)
16. Modified Puls Example
• The next step is to add the inflow to the inflow in the next time
step.
• For the first blank the inflow at 0 is added to the inflow at 1
hour to obtain a value of 30.
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0 30
1 30
2 60
3 90
4 120
5 150
6 180
7 135
8 90
9 45
10 0
11 0
12 0
17. Modified Puls Example
• This is then repeated for the rest of the values in the column.
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0 30
1 30 90
2 60 150
3 90 210
4 120 270
5 150 330
6 180 315
7 135 225
8 90 135
9 45 45
10 0 0
11 0 0
12 0 0
18. Modified Puls Example
• The 2Sn/t + On+1 column can then be calculated using the
following equation:
• Note that 2Sn/t - On and On+1 are set to zero.
• 30 + 0 = 2Sn/t + On+1
O
+
t
S
2
=
O
-
t
S
2
+
I
+
I 2
2
1
1
2
1
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0 30 0 0
1 30 90 30
2 60 150
3 90 210
4 120 270
5 150 330
6 180 315
7 135 225
8 90 135
9 45 45
10 0 0
11 0 0
12 0 0
19. Modified Puls Example
• Then using the curve provided outflow can be determined.
• In this case, since 2Sn/t + On+1 = 30, outflow = 5 based on
the graph provided.
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0 30 0 0
1 30 90 30 5
2 60 150
3 90 210
4 120 270
5 150 330
6 180 315
7 135 225
8 90 135
9 45 45
10 0 0
11 0 0
12 0 0
20. Modified Puls Example
• To obtain the final column, 2Sn/t - On, two times the outflow
is subtracted from 2Sn/t + On+1.
• In this example 30 - 2*5 = 20
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0 30 0 0
1 30 90 20 30 5
2 60 150
3 90 210
4 120 270
5 150 330
6 180 315
7 135 225
8 90 135
9 45 45
10 0 0
11 0 0
12 0 0
21. Modified Puls Example
• The same steps are repeated for the next line.
• First 90 + 20 = 110.
• From the graph, 110 equals an outflow value of 18.
• Finally 110 - 2*18 = 74
Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0 30 0 0
1 30 90 20 30 5
2 60 150 74 110 18
3 90 210
4 120 270
5 150 330
6 180 315
7 135 225
8 90 135
9 45 45
10 0 0
11 0 0
12 0 0
22. Modified Puls Example
• This process can then be repeated for the rest of the columns.
• Now a list of the outflow values have been calculated and the
problem is complete. Time In In+In+1 2Sn/t - On 2Sn/t + On+1 On+1
(hr) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
0 0 30 0 0
1 30 90 20 30 5
2 60 150 74 110 18
3 90 210 160 224 32
4 120 270 284 370 43
5 150 330 450 554 52
6 180 315 664 780 58
7 135 225 853 979 63
8 90 135 948 1078 65
9 45 45 953 1085 65
10 0 0 870 998 64
11 0 0 746 870 62
12 0 0 630 746 58
23. Goodrich Method
• In the above equation the starting inflow and end inflow at time
period t is known (read it from the inflow hydrograph), and
the initial storage and discharge is also known
• Then estimate the value remember both are unknown
quantities
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
Q
t
S
Q
t
S
I
I
2
2
2
Q
t
S
24. • To know the discharge, we need a graph between
elevation Vs
• Thus called as semi graphical method
• This quantity is called storage-elevation-discharge data
• The graph gives the relationship between discharge and
elevation
• From graph estimate the elevation
• From elevation estimate the discharge
Q
t
S
2
25. Route the following flood hydrograph through the reservoir by
Goodrich method:
Inflow hydrograph
• The storage-elevation-discharge data is as follows:
Time (h) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66
Inflow (m3/s) 10 30 85 140 125 96 75 60 46 35 25 20
Elevation Storage (106 m3) Outflow discharge (m3/s)
100.00 3.350 0
100.50 3.472 10
101.00 3.880 26
101.50 4.383 46
102.00 4.882 72
102.50 5.370 100
102.75 5.527 116
103.00 5.856 130
26. Step 1: Construct the storage-elevation-
discharge curve
• Assume a time period of 6 hr (t )
• Equal to time of discharge
measurement in the inflow
hydrograph
• Estimate the values of
• Plot a graph
• elevation-Vs-discharge
• Elevation-Vs-
• For initial time period t=0 find the Q2
and
From the graph
Elevation Storage (10
6
m
3
)
Outflow
discharg
e (m
3
/s)
(m3/s)
100 3.35 0
310.19
100.5 3.472 10
331.48
101 3.88 26
385.26
101.5 4.383 46
451.83
102 4.882 72
524.04
102.5 5.37 100
597.22
102.75 5.527 116
627.76
103 5.856 130
672.22
34. What we achieved
through this flood
routing
1. The peak discharge magnitude is
reduced, this is called attenuation.
• 2. The peak of outflow gets shifted
and is called as lag
• 3. The difference in rising limb
shows the reservoir is storing the
water
• 4. The difference in receding limb
shows the reservoir is depleted.
• 5. When the outflow is through
uncontrolled spillway, the peak of
outflow always occurs at point of
inflection of inflow hydrograph and
also is the point at which the inflow
and outflow hydrograph intersect.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time in hrs
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
Inflow/outflow
in
cu.m/s
Inflow hydrograph
Outflow hydrograph
