Grid computing enables the sharing and coordinated use of diverse computing resources across dynamic virtual organizations, akin to how electrical grids distribute power. It addresses the growing need for increased computational power and resource accessibility across various fields, including science, government, and education. Key components include security infrastructure, job scheduling, and specific applications like climate data management and earthquake simulations.

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Grid Computing
Presented by
LJ Projects
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Outline
• Conception
• Basic Issues
• Grid Architecture
• Standards for Grid Environments
• Key Components
• Applications
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What Grid Computing is
• Allows sharing and coordinated use of diverse
resources in dynamic, distributed “virtual
organizations”.
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Electrical Power Grid Analogy
Electrical power grid
• users (or electrical appliances)
get access to electricity
through wall sockets with no
care or consideration for where
or how the electricity is actually
generated.
• “The power grid” links
together power plants of many
different kinds
The Grid
• users (or client applications) gain
access to computing resources
(processors, storage, data,
applications, and so on) as
needed with little or no
knowledge of where those
resources are located or what the
underlying technologies,
hardware, operating system, and
so on are
• "the Grid" links together
computing resources (PCs,
workstations, servers, storage
elements) and provides the
mechanism needed to access
them.
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Why need Grid Computing?
• Core networking technology now accelerates at a
much faster rate than advances in microprocessor
speeds
• Exploiting under utilized resources
• Parallel CPU capacity
• Virtual resources and virtual organizations for
collaboration
• Access to additional resources
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Who needs Grid Computing?
• Not just computer scientists…
• scientists “hit the wall” when faced with
situations:
– The amount of data they need is huge and the data is
stored in different institutions.
– The amount of similar calculations the scientist has to do
is huge.
• Other areas:
– Government
– Business
– Education
– Industrial design
– ……
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Types of resources
• Computation
• Storage
• Communications
• Software and licenses
• Special equipment, capacities,
architectures, and policies
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Job Scheduling
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Security
• Access policy - What is shared? Who is
allowed to share? When can sharing occur?
• Authentication - How do you identify a
user or resource?
• Authorization -How do you determine
whether a certain operation is consistent
with the rules?
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Grid Security Model
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Grid User Roles
---A User’s Perspective
• Enrolling and installing grid software
• Logging onto the grid
• Queries and submitting jobs
• Data configuration
• Monitoring progress and recovery
• Reserving resources
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Grid User Roles
---An Administrator’s Perspective
• Planning
• Installation
• Managing enrollment of donors and
users
• Certificate authority
• Resource management
• Data sharing
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Grid Architecture
Application
Collective
Resource
Connectivity
Fabric
Application
Transport
Internet
Link
GRID Internet
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Grid Architecture
• Fabric layer: Provides the resources to which shared
access is mediated by Grid protocols.
• Connectivity layer: Defines the core communication and
authentication protocols required for grid-specific network
functions.
• Resource layer: Defines protocols, APIs, and SDKs for
secure negotiations, initiation, monitoring control,
accounting and payment of sharing operations on individual
resources.
• Collective Layer: Contains protocols and services that
capture interactions among a collection of resources.
• Application Layer: These are user applications that
operate within VO environment.
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Standards for Grid Environments
• OGSA(Open Grid Service Architecture)
• OGSI(Open Grid Services Interface)
• OGSA-DAI(data access and integration)
• GridFTP
• WSRF(Web Services Resource Framework)
• Web services related standards
– XML
– WSDL(Web Services Description Language )
– SOAP(Service Oriented Architecture Protocol )
– UDDI
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Key Components
• Portal/user interface
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Key Components
• Security
– Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
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Key Components
• Broker
– Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS)
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Key Components
• Scheduler
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Key Components
• Data management
– Grid Access to Secondary Storage (GASS)
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Key Components
• Job and resource management
– Grid Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
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Globus Toolkit 4
• An open source toolkit for building computing
developed and provided by the Globus Alliance.
• A collection of open-source components
– Many of these are based on existing standards
– others are based on (and in some cases driving) evolving
standards
• Globus Toolkit 4 provides components in the
following five categories:
– Common runtime components
– Security
– Data management
– Information services
– Execution management
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23. Grid Computing 23
Globus Toolkit 4
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Simple Example
• Application: A system that takes Scalable Vector Graphics
(SVG) files and uses nodes on a grid to render a set of JPEG
files representing sub-images of the complete image.
• Three components of the system
– RenderClient: A Java application with a graphical interface for
the user that drives the rendering work on the grid and displays
the resulting sub-images into a final large image.
– RenderWorker: A Java application with no graphical user
interface that converts one sub-image of the SVG file into a JPEG
file.
– RenderSourceService: A Globus Toolkit 4 grid service,
deployed into a Globus Toolkit 4 container. It is initialized by the
RenderClient and hands out work instructions to RenderWorker
processes on the grid.
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Simple Example
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26. Grid Computing 26
Simple Example
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Simple Example
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Applications
• The Southern California Earthquake Center uses
Globus software to visualize earthquake
simulation data.
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29. Grid Computing 29
Applications
• Scientists in the Earth System Grid (ESG) are producing,
archiving, and providing access to climate data that
advances our understanding of global climate change. ESG
uses Globus software for security, data movement, and
system monitoring.
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Applications
• Computational scientists at Brown University are
using the Globus Toolkit and MPICH-G2 to
simulate the flow of blood through human
arteries.
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Applications
• Globus Toolkit-driven Grid computing is central to
management of large datasets generated by colliders such
as those at CERN. This simulation shows two colliding lead
ions just after impact, with quarks in red, blue, and green
and hadrons in white.
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Software implementations and
middleware
• Advanced Resource Connector (NorduGrid's ARC)
• Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC)
• Globus Toolkit
• Sun Grid Engine
• ProActive
• UNICORE
• SDSC Storage resource broker (data grid)
• gLite (EGEE)
• NInf GridRPC
• IceGrid
• Java CoG Kit
• Alchemi
• GridGain
• gridGISTICS
• Gridbus Middleware
• Vishwa
• UGP
• GRIA
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Organizations & Production Grids
Alliances and organizations
• Open Grid Forum (Formerly Global Grid Forum)
• Object Management Group
Production grids
• Enabling Grids for E-sciencE
• NorduGrid
• Open Science Grid
• OurGrid
• Sun Grid
• Xgrid
• Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing
Applications DEISA
• FusionGrid
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Grid Projects
International Grid Projects
• Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute Europe (OMII-Europe) -
May 2006 -> May 2008
• Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) - March 2004 -> March 2006
• Enabling Grids for E-sciencE II (EGEE II) - April 2006 -> April 2008
• BREIN — September 2007 → August 2009
• DataTAG - January 2001 -> January 2003
• European DataGrid (EDG) - March 2001 -> March 2004
• BalticGrid - November 2005 -> April 2008
National Grid Projects
• D-Grid (German)
• GARUDA (Indian)
• grid computing project at VECC (Calcutta, India)
• China Grid Project
• INFN Grid (Italian)
• KnowledgeGrid Malaysia
• NAREGI Project
• Singapore National Grid Project
• Thai National Grid Project
• BELNET Grid, Belgium
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Prospect of Grid computing
• The Grid aims ultimately to turn the global
network of computers into one vast
computational resource.
• Related to many areas in computer science
• Being developed by hundreds of researchers and
software engineers around the world.
• Still “work in process”
• Potentially revolutionary.
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Reference
• “The Anatomy of the Grid(Enabling Scalable Virtual
Organizations)”
---by Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steven Tuecke
• “Physiology of the Grid (An Open Grid Services Architecture
for Distributed Systems Integration )”
---by Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Jeffrey M. Nick, Steven
Tuecke
• “Grid Computing:Past,Present, and Future”--- by Elias
Kourpas, June 2006
• “Introduction to Grid Computing” ---IBM Redbook,2005
• IBM Grid Computing:www-03.ibm.com/grid/index.shtml
• Globus website: www.globus.org
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Thank You!
“You may say I'm a dreamer
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will be as one”
---Beatles <Imagine>
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