This document discusses alternative fuels for aviation and reducing its carbon emissions. It outlines Solena Group's process for producing biojet fuel from municipal solid waste using plasma gasification and Fischer-Tropsch technology. This produces a jet fuel compatible with existing infrastructure and engines while displacing over 2 million tonnes per year of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from landfill gas, electricity production, and crude oil usage. Major airlines have expressed interest in purchasing this sustainable biojet fuel to help meet their emission reduction targets. The document calls for establishing a standardized life cycle assessment methodology to properly quantify the greenhouse gas savings from waste-to-fuel projects.
Trying to grasp the chemistries of some important industrial CO2 consumers?
This text on how natural gas is used for chemical manufacture provides a concise overview.
Be sure to look at the section on synthesis gas (syngas) processes
Trying to grasp the chemistries of some important industrial CO2 consumers?
This text on how natural gas is used for chemical manufacture provides a concise overview.
Be sure to look at the section on synthesis gas (syngas) processes
Thinking of Greening Your Fleet? (Webinar Presentation)aboutros
Presentation used during CrossChasm\'s webinar on green fleet procurement practices.
The presentation outlines the key findings of a green fleet study that showed how the use of real vehicle usage patterns can improve your ability to predict annual fuel cost savings by up to 64%, allowing you to develop accurate fleet-specific hybrid business cases.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
Thomas D. Gregory at the Michigan State University Bioeconomy Insitute, 9-14-16Kathy Walsh
Technoeconomic Analysis Applied to Chemical Processes using Renewable Feedstocks; Advanced Battery Technologies; Back to the Future: Plastics from Plants and Cars that Run on Electricity
E-learning Business Case Catharina Ziekenhuis EindhovenPaul Kemper
Studiepunten in Portfolio PulseWeb
Onder de noemer “CLIC je kwaliteit” zet het Catharina-ziekenhuis haar digitale leeromgeving PulseWeb van PAT Learning Solutions in, om studiepunten te registreren voor de medewerkers. Lieve van Coppenolle, leerhuismanager: “PulseWeb biedt de mogelijkheid om allerhande in- en externe leeractiviteiten te registreren in het portfolio en te waarderen met studiepunten”.Naast opleidingen worden ook e-learning modules, digitale toetsen, praktijkbeoordelingen en bijvoorbeeld conferenties gewaardeerd met studiepunten. De studiepunten zijn zichtbaar in het portfolio van de deelnemer en in de rapportages voor het management.
Thinking of Greening Your Fleet? (Webinar Presentation)aboutros
Presentation used during CrossChasm\'s webinar on green fleet procurement practices.
The presentation outlines the key findings of a green fleet study that showed how the use of real vehicle usage patterns can improve your ability to predict annual fuel cost savings by up to 64%, allowing you to develop accurate fleet-specific hybrid business cases.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
Thomas D. Gregory at the Michigan State University Bioeconomy Insitute, 9-14-16Kathy Walsh
Technoeconomic Analysis Applied to Chemical Processes using Renewable Feedstocks; Advanced Battery Technologies; Back to the Future: Plastics from Plants and Cars that Run on Electricity
E-learning Business Case Catharina Ziekenhuis EindhovenPaul Kemper
Studiepunten in Portfolio PulseWeb
Onder de noemer “CLIC je kwaliteit” zet het Catharina-ziekenhuis haar digitale leeromgeving PulseWeb van PAT Learning Solutions in, om studiepunten te registreren voor de medewerkers. Lieve van Coppenolle, leerhuismanager: “PulseWeb biedt de mogelijkheid om allerhande in- en externe leeractiviteiten te registreren in het portfolio en te waarderen met studiepunten”.Naast opleidingen worden ook e-learning modules, digitale toetsen, praktijkbeoordelingen en bijvoorbeeld conferenties gewaardeerd met studiepunten. De studiepunten zijn zichtbaar in het portfolio van de deelnemer en in de rapportages voor het management.
G R E E K __T R A D I T I O N A L__ R E C I P E S
The Greek team (1st junior high school of Alexandria) for the eTwinning project: "TASTY BITES" chose Greek dishes and wrote the recipe for each one.
After this, all the recipes were prepared one by one.
We photographed the results and here we present our work.
This work is original, genuine and made especially for this project.
eTwinning project: "TASTY BITES"
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The green benefits of cement and concrete are hidden due to the vast quantities consumed around the globe. Therefore, despite the low carbon footprint, cement and concrete are often given low marks for sustainability. The presentation attempts to set the record straight.
Presentation - Coal and Biomass Combustionncarlin50
These are slides from my doctoral defense in March 2009. Supply and properties of biomass are discussed. The proposed co-firing and reburing of coal with biomass is then presented. Finally, a conceptualized model of a waste-based biomass disposal system is presented. If you have any interests or questions of this work or if you would like to see this presentation with animated graphics, please e-mail Nicholas Carlin at ncarlin50@hotmail.com.
Experimental Study of Some Agro-Industrial Residues Targeted As Partial Subst...ijceronline
Cement industry belonged to the largest energy consumers’ factories in Benin. The Cement Complex of Onigbolo (CCO) had particularly undergone the disconcert effects of petroleum blaze costs of last years. This paper dealt with experimental investigations on agricultural/industrial wastes as fractional substitutes of the 7,000 L/h fuel-oil burnt in CCO-clinker furnace. Combustion of about 58 tons of five targeted agro-wastes and worn-tires, up to now ignored or forsaken in situ, even incinerated in open-air because unwieldy, made it possible saving more than 1.5 MF(CFA) in only 100-hours running. Experimental results also showed how far the cement process could contribute to towns/villages/cities cleanup (environmental problems reduction) combined with energy needs fulfillment. Among the studied agro-wastes and in expectation of adequate control and optimization of the convenient pretreatment for improving worn-tires’ combustion, results revealed that wood-sawdust was the alternate-fuel technically and economically well adapted to this tested furnace, better than cottonseeds-hulls preferred by CCO-authorities. Compatibility of the burnt wood-sawdust with cement quality characteristics, relatively high calorific value, availability and abundance throughout the year at existent sawmills, technically justified its choice. Conversely, results furthermore proved that no significant substitution rate can be reached, using only one kind agro-waste: therefore cottonseeds-hulls can be combined to sawdust
The presentation is about how to achieve the perfect flight with the most eco-friendly aircraft. How an aircraft can be optimized to make it eco-friendly.
Science report: Unextractable fossil fuels in a 1.5 Degr C WorldEnergy for One World
Parties to the 2015 Paris Agreement pledged to limit global warming to well below
2 °C and to pursue eforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C relative to
pre-industrial times1
. However, fossil fuels continue to dominate the global energy
system and a sharp decline in their use must be realized to keep the temperature
increase below 1.5 °C (refs. 2–7
). Here we use a global energy systems model8
to
assess the amount of fossil fuels that would need to be left in the ground, regionally
and globally, to allow for a 50 per cent probability of limiting warming to 1.5 °C. By
2050, we fnd that nearly 60 per cent of oil and fossil methane gas, and 90 per cent
of coal must remain unextracted to keep within a 1.5 °C carbon budget. This is a
large increase in the unextractable estimates for a 2 °C carbon budget9
, particularly
for oil, for which an additional 25 per cent of reserves must remain unextracted.
Furthermore, we estimate that oil and gas production must decline globally by
3 per cent each year until 2050. This implies that most regions must reach peak
production now or during the next decade, rendering many operational and
planned fossil fuel projects unviable. We probably present an underestimate of the
production changes required, because a greater than 50 per cent probability of
limiting warming to 1.5 °C requires more carbon to stay in the ground and because
of uncertainties around the timely deployment of negative emission technologies
at scale.
The role of biomass in the drive to Net-Zero?NNFCC
At the UK Biomass Biorefinery Network (BBNet) Annual Conference 13-15th October 2021, NNFCC's Director and Lead Consultant on Biobased Products, Dr Adrian Higson, gave a presentation:
'The role of biomass in the drive to Net Zero?'
The UK Government aims to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The Climate Change Committee (CCC) conclude that sustainable biomass can play a significant role in achieving this, providing it is prioritised for the most valuable end-uses.
International Workshop on next-generation technologies for Mobile Vehicles’ A...
Green gov 2010 lifecycle biofuels btl-2
1. White House
GreenGov Symposium –
October 5th, 2010
Washington, D.C.
Sylvain Motycka,
Director of Technology
Solena Group, Inc.
smotycka @ solenagroup.com
2. Alternative to volatility of crude oil Price
Remediation to aviation’s contribution to climate change
IATA1 agreed a voluntary 50% cut in emission by 2050 from 2005 level
European Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) will force the aviation industry
to account for its carbon emission from 2012.
Airlines traveling to/from Europe will be forced to offset their
emissions
As mandated by US DoD, the US Air Force must reduce its strategic oil
dependency with a target of 50% bio-Jet fuel by 2016.
2 1 International Air Trade Association
3. LCA
Feedstock Technology η (LHV) Product
gCO2e/MJ Factor
Straight Run
Crude Oil 93.5 % 87.5 1.00
Hydroprocess
Surface mining 56.5 % 99.8 1.14 Petroleum
Oil sands Jet Fuel
In-situ recovery 43.5 % 108.2 1.24
Oil shale In-situ recovery 96 % 121.6 1.39
FT Jet fuel
Natural Gas Fischer-Tropsch (FT) 63 % 101.0 1.15
Partner, Project 28 [2010]
(GTL)
FT Jet fuel
Coal Gasification + FT 50 % 194.9 2.23
(CTL)
FT Jet fuel
Biomass Gasification + FT 45 % 17.7 0.20
(BTL)
Algae Oil Hydroxygenation 70 % 50.7 0.58 HRJ Fuel
Biomass is a carbon neutral feedstock but its sustainable
production is limited (food market; geographic location;
3
land & water availability; land use …)
4. CAAF/09-IP/6 [2009]
• No excess palm & soy supply. Larger production would lead to
negative impact on land use and GHG
• Marginal / wasteland vs. Agricultural land
• Water irrigation; land use
2nd generation bio-fuel need to be
developed in a sustainable manner
5. 1. Feedstock does not compete with food market
2. Feedstock does not compete agricultural land / water use
3. Eliminates methane (CH4) production from landfill –
21 times more harmful than CO2.
4. Advanced plasma gasification of waste (not incineration)
5. Proven Fischer-Tropsch (FT) technology to convert syngas into
liquids fuels
6. Jet A1 compatible with already existing infrastructures and engines
(Certified ASTM D7566-09 )
Solena Group & British Airways
co-developer of a commercial
project in London - UK
5
7. Landfill emissions Displaced
Landfill emissions declined from 1990 to
2001 due to recycling and CH4 recovery
Landfills second largest methane
emitter in the US (22%) behind enteric
fermentation (25%) – data 2008
http://www.epa.gov/methane/sources.html
May 2005, EPA’s Landfill gas emissions
model (LandGEM) to calculate total
landfill gas, CH4, CO2, NMOC, etc.
1 ton CH4 = 21 t CO2eq.
Total CO2eq displaced
2,049,000 Tonnes p.a.
7
8. Electricity emissions Displaced
Year 2007 – US average data
2433 Millions metric tons CO2 due to Electricity Power sector
(DOE/EIA-0573(2007)
4157 Millions MWh of electricity generated (DOE/EIA-0348(2008)
0.59 metric ton of CO2 emitted per MW produced
Case study: 50 MW produced – 20 MW Net sold to local grid
Total CO2eq displaced
94,400 Tonnes p.a.
8
9. Crude Oil emissions Displaced
0.43 metric ton of CO2eq emitted per barrel of crude oil (bbl)
LHV / bbl = 5.8 MMBTU
Case study:
700 barrels of bio-Naphtha per day ~ 196,000 bbl p.a.
1100 barrels of bio-Jetfuel per day ~ 339,000 bbl p.a.
Total CO2eq displaced
230,000 Tonnes p.a.
9
10. Total case study CO2eq emissions Displaced
From landfill : 2,049,000 p.a.
From power: 94,400 p.a.
From crude oil: 230,000 p.a.
Total CO2eq displaced 2,374,400 Tonnes /p.a.
~ 95% emission reduction expected from petroleum based jetfuel
Growing demand for bio/jet fuel from airlines
British Airways committed to buy bio jet fuel
from waste from 2014
Major EU & US airlines expressed a strong
interest in buying this fuel
10
11. • LCA GHG (Bio jet fuel) needed to quantify GHG emission reduction
from aviation industry
• Need to establish a Waste to Bio Jet Fuel LCA methodology
Efforts to quantify landfill GHG emissions and land use
• Boundaries & assumptions have a major impact on LCA results
• International cooperation to dovetail LCA standards and database
US: MIT – PARTNER
EU: EPFL – RSB
11
12. - Thank you for your attention –
Sylvain Motycka
smotycka @ solenagroup.com