This document provides a summary of natural gas usage for chemical production. It discusses several key applications: [1] Production of hydrogen from natural gas, which is used to produce ammonia and methanol; [2] Generation of alkenes like ethylene and propylene from higher alkanes in natural gas; [3] Production of synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, via steam reforming or partial oxidation of methane, which is used to produce a variety of chemicals. The document also examines typical investment patterns and economics for several chemical processes that utilize natural gas or its derivatives.
Ngl fundamentals 102 matonis public releaseDiana M
Training class to financial professionals in Oil & Gas, specifically midstream NGL, vocabulary, definitions, market ,supply & demand in-depth insight on natural gas liquids or NGLs (ethane, propane, normal/isobutene) and natural gasoline) and natural gas. An intro to natural gas liquids pricing, and economics
Optimizing Reactor Parameters to Achieve Higher Process Yield in Ex-Situ Oil ...IJERA Editor
Declining worldwide crude oil reserves and increasing energy needs have the attentions focused on developing existing unconventional fossil fuels including oil shale. America’s richest oil shale deposits are found in the Green River Formation of western Colorado, eastern Utah and south-western Wyoming. The current work describes process simulation of an ex-situ oil shale pyrolysis process in a pyrolytic reactor using a novel method involving external and internal heating to increase heat transfer and mixing ratio inside the reactor. Efforts to improve process yield for commercial operation relies on first developing a complete Aspen based process model of a proposed shale refining plant, identifying the key process parameters for the reactor and then optimizing the overall process. Simulation results are compared to earlier experimental data collected from a pilot scale rotary reactor operated by Combustion Resources Inc. (CR). This work identified the critical impact of bed temperature on crude production in such a way that for a bed temperature of less than 400°C, results showed less than 10% conversion in crude production and for bed temperatures between 450 and 500°C, above 90% conversion was achieved. The proposed model consists of four zones including drying, shale reactions, natural gas combustion and gas/oil recovery. Different cases were defined and studied based on various operational conditions. Optimized operational values for the key parameters including reactor temperature, reactor volume and feed rate were given as results to maximum shale oil production.
Ngl fundamentals 102 matonis public releaseDiana M
Training class to financial professionals in Oil & Gas, specifically midstream NGL, vocabulary, definitions, market ,supply & demand in-depth insight on natural gas liquids or NGLs (ethane, propane, normal/isobutene) and natural gasoline) and natural gas. An intro to natural gas liquids pricing, and economics
Optimizing Reactor Parameters to Achieve Higher Process Yield in Ex-Situ Oil ...IJERA Editor
Declining worldwide crude oil reserves and increasing energy needs have the attentions focused on developing existing unconventional fossil fuels including oil shale. America’s richest oil shale deposits are found in the Green River Formation of western Colorado, eastern Utah and south-western Wyoming. The current work describes process simulation of an ex-situ oil shale pyrolysis process in a pyrolytic reactor using a novel method involving external and internal heating to increase heat transfer and mixing ratio inside the reactor. Efforts to improve process yield for commercial operation relies on first developing a complete Aspen based process model of a proposed shale refining plant, identifying the key process parameters for the reactor and then optimizing the overall process. Simulation results are compared to earlier experimental data collected from a pilot scale rotary reactor operated by Combustion Resources Inc. (CR). This work identified the critical impact of bed temperature on crude production in such a way that for a bed temperature of less than 400°C, results showed less than 10% conversion in crude production and for bed temperatures between 450 and 500°C, above 90% conversion was achieved. The proposed model consists of four zones including drying, shale reactions, natural gas combustion and gas/oil recovery. Different cases were defined and studied based on various operational conditions. Optimized operational values for the key parameters including reactor temperature, reactor volume and feed rate were given as results to maximum shale oil production.
R.M. Baker, & D. L. Passmore. (2012, August 16). Cracking the ethane cracker. Invited presentation at the 2012 WIB Symposium, “Innovation through Integration: Re-Inventing the Workforce System,” sponsored by the Pennsylvania Association of Workforce Investment Boards, State College, Pennsylvania. (see http://pawib2012.tumblr.com)
Shell Chemical LP, a petrochemical unit of Royal Dutch Shell, signed a land purchase option agreement with Horsehead Corporation, a producer of specialty zinc and zinc-based products and a recycler of electric arc furnace dust, to evaluate a site in western Pennsylvania for a potential petrochemical complex. The site is located in Potter and Center Townships in Beaver County near Monaca, Pennsylvania, which is 40 miles northwest of Pittsburgh.
The site currently houses a Horsehead’s plant for zinc products and contains the only electrothermic zinc refining facility in the Western Hemisphere. If the land purchase option is exercised, Horsehead Corporation will vacate the Monaca facility by April 2014.
Shell’s plans for the complex include an ethane cracker that would process ethane feedstock from “wet” Marcellus Shale gas to supply ethylene for a wide variety of intermediate sales to industries and for final end use in manufactured products. “Cracking” involves heating and separating the large hydrocarbon chains found in fossil fuels such as natural gas and petroleum into lighter hydrocarbons such as ethane.
In this workshop, a report by the American Chemical Council (ACC) [Shale Gas and New Petrochemicals Investment: Benefits for the Economy, Jobs, and US Manufacturing] of the potential static U.S. job and tax impacts of ethane production is examined. Then, the results are presented from an analysis prepared by researchers from Penn State’s Institute for Research in Training & Development (IRTD) of the potential dynamic economic and demographic impacts of the Royal Dutch Shell petrochemical complex planned for western Pennsylvania. Special attention is paid to the implications that these impacts estimated by ACC and the IRTD hold for regional workforce development in Pennsylvania.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
Thomas D. Gregory at the Michigan State University Bioeconomy Insitute, 9-14-16Kathy Walsh
Technoeconomic Analysis Applied to Chemical Processes using Renewable Feedstocks; Advanced Battery Technologies; Back to the Future: Plastics from Plants and Cars that Run on Electricity
Comparative Economic Analysis of Using Natural Gas For Liquefied Natural Gas ...IJRES Journal
Comparative economic analysis of the production of diesel through Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Technology and the production of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) both using natural gas was presented. The data for costs of constructing and running GTL and LNG plants were obtained for the study. Plant procurement costs, shipping and tanker facilities costs, the expected capacities of the GTL and LNG plants and the feed gas volume needed to produce those capacities of liquid products were gathered with which the costs analyses and revenue analyses were conducted. Two assumptions made were that the diesel would be the only product of the GTL project and LNG, the only product of the LNG plant. The 33000bbl/day of liquid product from the GTL plant was taken to be all diesel while the 5mmtpa of NGL got from the LNG plant was ignored. The 33000bbl/day of diesel and 22mmtpa of LNG were then used for the analyses. Concentration was on the profit indicators used to evaluate the advantage of one over the other. Figures were used to determine the pay-out of the projects which is 9.16years for GTL and 1.97years for LNG respectively. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Profit per Dollar Invested (P/$) that make up the project economics were estimated for GTL and LNG. The NPV over 15years and at an expected rate of return of 10% was $2.11billion for GTL and $45.17billion for LNG. For GTL, the P/$ was 2.02 and for LNG, it was 6.62. From the whole analysis done it is easily seen that the LNG project is more economically viable than the GTL project since the LNG project has higher NPV, lower pay-out and higher P/$ than the GTL project.
Study and comparison of emission characteristics of n butanol diesel blend i...eSAT Journals
Abstract A lot of emphasis is being laid on the use of biodegradable fuel directly or in blends with diesel to control harmful exhaust emissions and to help environment by reducing global warming in addition to reducing dependence on import of fossil fuels. An experimental study was conducted to study and compare the emission characteristics of n-butanol/diesel blend and diesel. The experiment was conducted on single cylinder, four stroke kirloskar diesel engine with different blends of n-butanol/diesel blends. The exhaust emissions of HC, CO, CO2 and O2 were measured with Neptune make analyzer. Keywords: HC, CO, CO2 and O2
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
Could coal be the answer to global plastics shortagesPlatts
The CTO/MTO process
CTO/MTO Economics
Current Status – Projects
Impact on the global ethylene feedstock slate
Impact on PE and PP fundamentals
China’s shortage of ethylene and propylene
Difficulty of importing olefins
Demand growth for PE and PP
Naphtha crackers too dependent on imports
Coal price advantage
CTO process proven successful in 2011
Production of Hydrocarbons from Palm Oil over NiMo Catalystdrboon
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil in dodecane over NiMo/Al2O3 has been investigated in a 300mL Parr’s reactor. Triglycerides have been converted to hydrocarbons with various molecular sizes due to the compositions of fatty acids in palm oil. In this experiment, parameters of interest are temperature, pressure and turbine speed. Liquid samples were collected and analyzed by a gas chromatography (GC) to quantify desired hydrocarbon products (C15-C18) in the diesel range. It was found that the amount of desired products depends on the studied parameters. The conversion increases as the reaction temperature and a turbine speed increase, but the operating pressure decreases. In addition, the ratios of Cn/Cn-1 (C18/C17 and C16/C15) have been presented.
R.M. Baker, & D. L. Passmore. (2012, August 16). Cracking the ethane cracker. Invited presentation at the 2012 WIB Symposium, “Innovation through Integration: Re-Inventing the Workforce System,” sponsored by the Pennsylvania Association of Workforce Investment Boards, State College, Pennsylvania. (see http://pawib2012.tumblr.com)
Shell Chemical LP, a petrochemical unit of Royal Dutch Shell, signed a land purchase option agreement with Horsehead Corporation, a producer of specialty zinc and zinc-based products and a recycler of electric arc furnace dust, to evaluate a site in western Pennsylvania for a potential petrochemical complex. The site is located in Potter and Center Townships in Beaver County near Monaca, Pennsylvania, which is 40 miles northwest of Pittsburgh.
The site currently houses a Horsehead’s plant for zinc products and contains the only electrothermic zinc refining facility in the Western Hemisphere. If the land purchase option is exercised, Horsehead Corporation will vacate the Monaca facility by April 2014.
Shell’s plans for the complex include an ethane cracker that would process ethane feedstock from “wet” Marcellus Shale gas to supply ethylene for a wide variety of intermediate sales to industries and for final end use in manufactured products. “Cracking” involves heating and separating the large hydrocarbon chains found in fossil fuels such as natural gas and petroleum into lighter hydrocarbons such as ethane.
In this workshop, a report by the American Chemical Council (ACC) [Shale Gas and New Petrochemicals Investment: Benefits for the Economy, Jobs, and US Manufacturing] of the potential static U.S. job and tax impacts of ethane production is examined. Then, the results are presented from an analysis prepared by researchers from Penn State’s Institute for Research in Training & Development (IRTD) of the potential dynamic economic and demographic impacts of the Royal Dutch Shell petrochemical complex planned for western Pennsylvania. Special attention is paid to the implications that these impacts estimated by ACC and the IRTD hold for regional workforce development in Pennsylvania.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
Thomas D. Gregory at the Michigan State University Bioeconomy Insitute, 9-14-16Kathy Walsh
Technoeconomic Analysis Applied to Chemical Processes using Renewable Feedstocks; Advanced Battery Technologies; Back to the Future: Plastics from Plants and Cars that Run on Electricity
Comparative Economic Analysis of Using Natural Gas For Liquefied Natural Gas ...IJRES Journal
Comparative economic analysis of the production of diesel through Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Technology and the production of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) both using natural gas was presented. The data for costs of constructing and running GTL and LNG plants were obtained for the study. Plant procurement costs, shipping and tanker facilities costs, the expected capacities of the GTL and LNG plants and the feed gas volume needed to produce those capacities of liquid products were gathered with which the costs analyses and revenue analyses were conducted. Two assumptions made were that the diesel would be the only product of the GTL project and LNG, the only product of the LNG plant. The 33000bbl/day of liquid product from the GTL plant was taken to be all diesel while the 5mmtpa of NGL got from the LNG plant was ignored. The 33000bbl/day of diesel and 22mmtpa of LNG were then used for the analyses. Concentration was on the profit indicators used to evaluate the advantage of one over the other. Figures were used to determine the pay-out of the projects which is 9.16years for GTL and 1.97years for LNG respectively. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Profit per Dollar Invested (P/$) that make up the project economics were estimated for GTL and LNG. The NPV over 15years and at an expected rate of return of 10% was $2.11billion for GTL and $45.17billion for LNG. For GTL, the P/$ was 2.02 and for LNG, it was 6.62. From the whole analysis done it is easily seen that the LNG project is more economically viable than the GTL project since the LNG project has higher NPV, lower pay-out and higher P/$ than the GTL project.
Study and comparison of emission characteristics of n butanol diesel blend i...eSAT Journals
Abstract A lot of emphasis is being laid on the use of biodegradable fuel directly or in blends with diesel to control harmful exhaust emissions and to help environment by reducing global warming in addition to reducing dependence on import of fossil fuels. An experimental study was conducted to study and compare the emission characteristics of n-butanol/diesel blend and diesel. The experiment was conducted on single cylinder, four stroke kirloskar diesel engine with different blends of n-butanol/diesel blends. The exhaust emissions of HC, CO, CO2 and O2 were measured with Neptune make analyzer. Keywords: HC, CO, CO2 and O2
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
Could coal be the answer to global plastics shortagesPlatts
The CTO/MTO process
CTO/MTO Economics
Current Status – Projects
Impact on the global ethylene feedstock slate
Impact on PE and PP fundamentals
China’s shortage of ethylene and propylene
Difficulty of importing olefins
Demand growth for PE and PP
Naphtha crackers too dependent on imports
Coal price advantage
CTO process proven successful in 2011
Production of Hydrocarbons from Palm Oil over NiMo Catalystdrboon
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil in dodecane over NiMo/Al2O3 has been investigated in a 300mL Parr’s reactor. Triglycerides have been converted to hydrocarbons with various molecular sizes due to the compositions of fatty acids in palm oil. In this experiment, parameters of interest are temperature, pressure and turbine speed. Liquid samples were collected and analyzed by a gas chromatography (GC) to quantify desired hydrocarbon products (C15-C18) in the diesel range. It was found that the amount of desired products depends on the studied parameters. The conversion increases as the reaction temperature and a turbine speed increase, but the operating pressure decreases. In addition, the ratios of Cn/Cn-1 (C18/C17 and C16/C15) have been presented.
Heavy Oil Recovery: Environmental Implications and Mitigation Measures Premier Publishers
Balancing oil and gas activities with environmental protection measures is necessary while producing heavy oil. This is because; heavy oil is produced by either chemical or thermal recovery methods which pose harmful effects on the environment. In order to ensure that the oil and gas industry sustainable, there must be elimination of all factors that degrade the environment. Since heavy oil must be produced to meet increasing energy demands, environmentally friendly measures should be used to ensure that there is low carbon emission, little or no chemical retention in the formation. This paper presents mitigation measures for eco-friendly heavy oil recovery; they include the use of renewable energy for heat/steam generation during thermal recovery in order to reduce emission of fuels and use of plant based non-toxic and degradable chemicals to avoid pollution of ground water and formation. These chemicals include polymers, alkali and surfactant during chemical flooding. This ensures the oil and gas industry keeps up with the sustainable development goals.
In this project we basically studied scope of this project, its feasibility and market assessment, raw material availability, different routes to produce Syngas and their comparison, process selection and its complete description, its P&ID, and environmental consideration.
Effect of Adding Oxygen Containing Additives to Unleaded Gasoline on Exhaust ...ijiert bestjournal
As world population grew,power plants,factories a nd ever increasing automobiles began to pollute the air to the extent that it was no longer acceptable. During the late 1940s,air pollution as a problem was fir st recognized in the Los Angeles basin in California . Two causes of this were the large population densit y and the natural weather conditions of area. Smoke and other pollutants from many industries and automobiles combined with the fog that was common in this ocean area and smog resulted. By the 1960s emission standards were beginning to be enforced in Californ ia. Then various ways are investigated to reduce em issions from an IC engine. Oxygen containing additives are used to improve gasoline�s performance and reduce exhaust emissions is one of them. The main objectiv e of this work is to find can Dimethyl Carbonate is used to reduce emission? In view of the above,it is decide d to investigate the effect of adding Dimethyl Carb onate to unleaded gasoline on exhaust emission. The experime ntal setup to test blended fuel is prepared with mu lti cylinder four stroke spark ignition engine. The res ults indicate that CO and HC exhaust emissions are lower with the use of Dimethyl carbonate gasoline blended fuels as compared to the use of unleaded gasoline. The effect of above additive on NOx is insignificant.
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The NCS delivers carbon accounting and carbon management courses both online and through face to face workshops. The NCS developed Australia's first accredited short course in carbon accounting, and Australia's first Diploma of Carbon Management