Green fuels are the alternatives of fossil fuels with this we can reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. These fuels will not only reduce pollutions but can also provide extra mileage and because they are produced renewable sources so they will be easily available for the public.

1. GREEN
FUELS
PRESENTEDBY :-
SreejoyBasuRoy
MECHANICAL7TH SEM
REGDN0 – 2001289345
GROUP– 1
MENTOR– Ashiskumarbarik

2. CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION
•TYPES OF GREEN FUELS
•BENEFITS OF GREEN FUELS
•BIOFUELS
•HYDROGEN
•SOLAR ENERGY
•WIND ENERGY
•CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
•REFERENCES
•CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• Green fuels also known as
renewable fuels or alternative fuels
are energy sources derived from
renewable resources that have a
low carbon footprint compared to
traditional fossil fuels.

4. • A huge variety of feedstocks can be used to create biofuel,
ranging from vegetable oil and crop residue to algae and by-
products from beer breweries.
• Companies such as Green Fuels are at the forefront of
renewable energy, producing more than 420 million litres of
biofuel every year.
• Biofuels and green hydrogen are at the center of India's
energy transition pathway to help it realize its ambitions of
net zero emissions by 2070 and 50% by 2030.
• On this regard "The Global Biofuels Alliance" was launched in
G20 under India's presidency this year to meet global and
India's target of net zero emissions.

5. TYPES OF GREEN FUELS
1)Biofuels- Derived from organic matter such
as plants , algae and agricultural waste.
2)Hydrogen- Hydrogen fuel refers to hydrogen which
is burned as fuel with pure oxygen. Hydrogen fuel can
be produced from methane or by electrolysis of water.

6. 3) Solar Energy- Solar
energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is
harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar
power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy . It is
converted into or used directly as a fuel source.
4) Wind Energy- Wind power is the use
of wind energy to generate useful work i.e. to generate
electricity.

7. BENEFITS OF GREEN FUELS
There are many benefits
of green fuels, some of
the main benefits are as
follows
Reduced greenhouse
gas emissions.
Renewable and
sustainable.
Increased energy
security.
Job creation.

8. BIOFUELS
Unlike other renewable energy sources, biomass can be
converted directly into liquid fuels, called "biofuels," to help
meet transportation fuel needs. The two most common types
of biofuels in use today are ethanol and biodiesel, both of
which represent the first generation of biofuel technology.
Biofuels play a particularly important role in decarbonizing
transport by providing a low-carbon solution for existing
technologies.
Government has emphasized on achieving energy security of
the country with a target of reducing import dependence i.e.
usage of fossil fuels.
These resources include agriculture and forest residue,
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), cow dung etc. which can be
used to convert into biofuels and promote “Make in India”
campaign..

9. 1.ETHANOL
• Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is a renewable fuel used as a
blending agent with gasoline to increase octane and
cut down carbon monoxide and other smog-causing
emissions.
• Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from corn and
other plant materials.
• Ethanol use is widespread, and more than 98% of
gasoline in the U.S. contains some ethanol.
• The most common blend of ethanol is E10 (10%
ethanol, 90% gasoline).
• India plans to start using 20% ethanol blended
petrol from 2025.
• Currently, most petrol pumps give 10% ethanol
blended petrol.

10. • What is ethanol blending and how does it help?
Ethanol blending is nothing but blended motor fuel
containing ethyl alcohol that is at least 99% pure and is
derived from agricultural products, and blended
exclusively with petrol.
• So, what is the government’s plan?
The government has said it plans to push up the current
10% ethanol blended petrol to 20% in the next two years
across India.
• Challenges being faced by the industry
Currently, most of the ethanol being produced uses
either sugarcane on rice as its raw material. Both these
crops are water intensive. A month back, when rice
prices shot up, The Indian ethanol manufacturers faced a
tough time as rice supply was stopped to the industry.

11. 2. BIODIESEL
• Biodiesel is a liquid fuel produced from renewable sources, such as
new and used vegetable oils and animal fats and is a cleaner-burning
replacement for petroleum-based diesel fuel.
• Like petroleum-derived diesel, biodiesel is used to fuel compression-
ignition (diesel) engines.
• Biodiesel can be blended with petroleum diesel in any percentage,
including B100 (pure biodiesel) and, the most common blend, B20 (a
blend containing 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel).
• MoP&NG announced a Biodiesel Purchase Policy which became
effective 1st January 2006. On 10.08.2015, Government allowed direct
sale of Biodiesel (B100) for blending with diesel to Bulk Consumers
such as Railways, State Road Transport Corporations. On 29.06.2017
Government allowed sale of biodiesel to all consumers for blending
with diesel.
• The Biodiesel procurement by OMCs increased from 1.1 crore litres
during 2015-16 to 10.56 crore litres during 2019-20.
• Presently, bio-diesel is being produced in the country primarily from
imported palm stearin oil.

12. Production
• Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, yellow
grease, used cooking oils, or animal fats.
• The production volume of biodiesel fuel in India
was 185 million liters in 2022. This is forecast to
increase to 200 million liters in 2023. Biodiesel can
be produced from vegetable oil, animal fats, and
waste oils.
What is the main source of biodiesel in India?
• Biofuel development in India centres mainly around
the cultivation and processing of Jatropha plant
seeds, which are very rich in oil, ranging from 27 to
40%, and averaging 34.4%.

13. Advantages
They can reduce the need for landfill space.
They Come From Renewable Sources.
They Burn Cleaner Than Fossil Fuels.
They Reduce Energy Reliance and Create Jobs.
Challenges
They Take Up Land That We Could Use for
Food Production.
They Are Expensive to Produce.
They May Increase Deforestation.

14. HYDROGEN
• Hydrogen is a clean fuel that, when consumed in a fuel cell, produces
only water.
• Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of domestic resources, such
as natural gas, nuclear power, biomass, and renewable power like solar
and wind.
• Today, hydrogen fuel can be produced through several methods. The
most common methods today are natural gas reforming (a thermal
process), and electrolysis. Other methods include solar-driven and
biological processes.
• THERMAL PROCESSES
• Thermal processes for hydrogen production typically involve steam
reforming, a high-temperature process in which steam reacts with a
hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen.
• Today, about 95% of all hydrogen is produced from steam reforming of
natural gas.

15. • ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES
• Water can be separated into oxygen and hydrogen through a process
called electrolysis. Electrolytic processes take place in an electrolyzer,
which functions much like a fuel cell in reverse—instead of using the
energy of a hydrogen molecule, like a fuel cell does, an electrolyzer
creates hydrogen from water molecules.
• SOLAR-DRIVEN PROCESSES
• Solar-driven processes use light as the agent for hydrogen production.
There are a few solar-driven processes, including photo biological,
photo electrochemical, and solar thermochemical
• BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
• Biological processes use microbes such as bacteria and microalgae and
can produce hydrogen through biological reactions.

16. Advantages
• Renewable and Readily Available
• Hydrogen is a Clean and Flexible Energy Source to support Zero-Carbon Energy Strategies
• More Powerful and Energy Efficient than Fossil Fuels
• Almost Zero Emissions
• Reduces Carbon Footprints
• No Noise Pollution
• Long Usage Times
• Ideal for Use in Remote Areas
Disadvantages
• Hydrogen Extraction
• Investment is Required
• Cost of Raw Materials
• Regulatory Issues
• Overall Cost
• Hydrogen Storage
• Infrastructure
• Highly Flammable

17. SOLAR ENERGY
• Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun. It
is necessary for life on Earth, and can be harvested for human uses
such as electricity.
• Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity,
either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated
solar power.
• Solar power is a fast developing industry in India.[1] The country's solar
installed capacity was 71.61 GWAC as of 31 August 2023. Solar power
generation in India ranks fourth globally in 2021.
• The International Solar Alliance (ISA), proposed by India as a founder
member, is headquartered in India. India has also put forward the
concept of "One Sun One World One Grid" and "World Solar Bank" to
harness abundant solar power on a global scale.

18. Advantages
• Renewable Energy Source
• Reduces Electric Bill
• Energy Independence
Disadvantages
• Rising Power Prices
• High Cost of Solar Panels
• Sunlight Dependent
• Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive
• Environmental Impact of Manufacturing
• Scarcity of Materials

19. WIND ENERGY
• Wind is used to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy
of air in motion into electricity.
• Wind power has grown rapidly since 2000, driven by R&D, supportive
policies and falling costs.
• Both onshore and offshore wind still have tremendous potential for
greater deployment and improvement, globally.
• Odisha has a wind power potential of 1700MW.
• Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of wind energy in India, with an
installed capacity of over 10 GW as of 2021.The state has been a
leader in developing wind energy in India, with favorable wind
conditions along its coastline.

20. Advantages
• Wind energy is clean and renewable
• Wind energy has low operating costs
• Wind energy is space-efficient
Disadvantages
• Wind energy is intermittent
• Wind energy causes noise and visual pollution
• Wind turbines have some negative impacts on their
surrounding environment
• Wind energy is remote

21. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
There are still numerous challenges for green fuels to be widely adopted along
with a promising future outlook.
• One of the main challenges for green fuels is their production cost.
• Another significant challenge is the limited availability of feedstock for green
fuel production.
• Infrastructure is another hurdle for widespread adoption of green fuels.
• Despite these challenges the future of green fuels is promising.
Governments around the world are increasingly recognizing the importance.
• There is a increasing demand for green fuels in the market due to pollution
and rising fuel costs.

22. CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, while there are challenges to overcome, the future
outlook for green fuels is promising.

23. REFERENCES
•Government of India website - Ministry of
energy , oil and petroleum.
•Some news data like Bloomberg and Economic
Times.
•Government of U.S. website – Ministry of
energy.

24. Thank You