4. Amman, Jordan...lives in a tough neighbourhood!
Population
Jordan: 6.1M
Amman: 2.31M
World Refugee Capital
Over 60% of
refugee origin
1st Generation Refugees:
Amman: 501,098
Baku, Azerbaijan: 186,909
Cairo, 112,605
Kuala Lampur, 45,998
Source:
UNHabitat 2010
“Green Economy” in Amman
5. From a village
AMMAN IN THE 1940s
“Green Economy” in Amman
6. To a major metropolitan area...
“Green Economy” in Amman
7. Amman: a Young City
London
Canada
“Green Economy” in Amman
14. The Amman Plan: Planning Scales
Metropolitan: Entire 1,662-square-kilometre GAM Planning Area
Metropolitan Growth Plan - Highest Level Plan
Planning Area 8 Planning Areas - 5 Urban / 3Peri-Urban or Rural
Area Plans: as defined by MGP
Community 228 Existing Neighborhoods Community Plans– Detail
Plans + Zoning
“Green Economy” in Amman
16. Challenges…
Jordan is experiencing increased pressure on natural
resources.
Income disparities and growing poverty mainly due to a
continually increasing population.
Countrywide, freshwater scarcity is the most serious crisis -
both quantity and quality.
This is followed by desertification, soil degradation and
deforestation. With about 10% of total land under
cultivation, but only 6% of GDP generated from agricultural
1
production
“Green Economy” in Amman
17. Challenges…
Jordan has 90% of its population living on only 10% of the
country’s surface area and has an urban population of
around 78%, growing rapidly, and exposed to a range of
challenges connected with rapid urbanization.
Economic dependency on fossil fuel imports could be
addressed through the deployment of large and small scale
renewable energy technologies and improved energy
efficiency in buildings and industrial processes.
Political Instability in the region
“Green Economy” in Amman
18. Challenges…
2.3 million people live in the Greater Amman Municipality,
45 % of the population live in Amman 85% live in cities,
Jordan is listed among the 4 poorest countries in water availability,
Approximately 128 million m3 /Y of potable water is used in
Amman
Co2 Equivalent Emissions are estimated to be about 20million
metric tones (in 2000). Amman municipal solid waste generates
7.9 metric tones of Co2 equivalent,
600,000 cars on the streets of The Greater Amman Municipality.
Jordan has Less than 1% forests
“Green Economy” in Amman
19. Challenges…
Government
Green economy is not legally bound by law; there
is a lack of law enforcement and incentives.
Implementing green practices could have a
negative impact on some businesses, or
completely eliminate certain industries which do
not conform to green standards.
Limited assigned government budgets for
sustainable development, SD is not prioritized on
Government Agendas.
Green Technology is not subsidized by
Government, which makes it unaffordable to
citizens.
Limited financial and natural resources. Economy” in Amman
“Green
20. Challenges…
Citizens
Implemented policies could affect daily lives of
citizens in a way that they are unwilling to adapt.
Learning and awareness opportunities are confined,
and there is a disparity in environmental awareness
among the population.
Training will be required to teach certain skills and
gain buy-in.
The relatively low and undervalued levels of
environmental awareness among the public make it
difficult to bring about change.
Lack of environmentally-friendly alternatives that
could be adapted to, e.g. lack of efficient public
transport urges citizens to use private vehicles.
“Green Economy” in Amman
21. Challenges…
Private Lack of current expertise in green businesses
Entities Local funding is minimal and entry barriers can be
high
Little current demand on green investment would
require additional focused marketing
Job creation would require major training, and influx
of those with experience abroad.
Investors interest in “fast” money rather than
sustainable long-term investment in people, the
environment and the local economy.
If green investments occur they are usually exclusive
and cater to a confined community, which limits the
benefits reaped, as these kind of practices must be
adopted collectively for significantly measurable
results. “Green Economy” in Amman
26. How Green Policy manifests itself in different
contexts in Amman?
The endorsement of a Sustainable
transportation system, that
eliminates sole reliance on private
cars for mobility.
Mobilizing Renewable sources of
energy, thus making use of naturally
abundant resources in local contexts
e.g. solar energy in Jordan.
Waste management in areas that
lack proper treatment of solid and
water waste.
Initiating City-wide CDM
Programme. “Green Economy” in Amman
27. Amman Transport & Mobility Master Plan
BRT, LRT
Neighborhood
Center Car
Personal Transport Bus Rapid Transport
Playground
Public Green Area
Work Places
Cycling
Shops
Schools
Public Parks
“Green Economy” in Amman
Walking
29. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Phase 1
Three routes (32km)
Engineering design and Service Plan
completed
First construction package awarded
Second and third to be awarded in
a few weeks
1rst Quarter 2011
Tender for operations
Tender for ticketing system
(Smartcards)
“Green Economy” in Amman
30. Solid Waste Management
Objective: Dispose
Minimize Production of waste. Create Energy
Recycle & Compost
Waste to energy - Biogas
Re-use
Social / Behavioral Change
Reduce
“Green Economy” in Amman
34. Pipeline. . . . An environmentally Urban Action Plan
For Amman City
Water Protection Air Pollution
Noise Pollution Biodiversity Protection
Solid Waste Climate Change
“Green Economy” in Amman
38. Amman Green Growth Program – City Wide
Innovation • AGGP is the first of its kind in the world,
and scaling aggregating GHG across 5 key urban service
up potential sectors, namely water, waste, public utilities,
transport and forestry
• Significantly lowering transaction costs even
further compared to developing independent
POAs per sector.
• There are 600 cities globally, with a population
of more than half-million and another 2000
cities/towns/urban areas globally, with a
population of more than 100,000
• A carbon finance program could also provide the
much needed incentive to improve urban
services in those sectors, and engage private
sector entities.
“Green Economy” in Amman
39. Objective Promote low carbon investments that will sustain
economic growth in the city of Amman, more
specifically the program will:
(i) improve the urban environment while
contributing to the climate agenda;
(ii) improve the cost efficiency of municipal
services;
(iii) mobilize additional sources of revenues
through carbon markets.
The Program will reduce GHG emissions at the
city level, aggregating carbon emissions from
waste, water, energy, transport and forestry
sectors, using an under – development city wide
approach that combines approved methodologies.
“Green Economy” in Amman
40. Scope
With a total investment of USD 2.825 billion
over 28 years the program will cover four
sectors:
Municipal Waste
Transport
Energy
Urban forestry
It is estimated that Emission Reductions will
exceed 0.56 million CO2 e per year.
“Green Economy” in Amman
42. Program Components
Municipal Waste Sustainable Energy Urban Transport Urban Forestry
Land filling with Plantation in urban
Bus Rapid Transit
recovery of landfill Wind Farm and peri-urban
System
gas areas
Solar water heating
Light Rail Transit
Recycling of plastics systems for Urban Agriculture
system
households
Fuel switch for
Slaughterhouse Building energy
buses and other
waste – to- energy efficiency
public vehicles
Promotion of
residential CFL usage
Energy- efficiency
street lighting
“Green Economy” in Amman
