This presentation is an excerpt for the IRR of the Philippine Green Building Code to help improve sustainable design strategies.

1. Dr. Maribel C. Tubera, PDQM, DBA,
MsCM, UAP, PIEP, PSQ
Green Building Strategies
Towards Smart and Sustainable Cities

3. Design is a powerful process, it has the
potential of changing how buildings,
communities, and societies functions.
Design has the power of both
satisfying a need and providing value.

4. The Three Rings of Sustainability
How do you design and plan a human ecology?
A B

5. Sustainable Infrastructure
Building sustainability is not new...
-accommodating the site and climate
-preserving resources
-use local materials and expertise
...these are all ancient techniques which have just
been neglected since the beginning of Industrial
Revolution.

6. BUT...
• Today’s sustainability demands higher level
of knowledge and sophistication than it did
100 years ago.
• Green building doesn’t need to be high tech
or complex, there are simply more variables
to consider in order to minimize the
environmental disruption.

7. High Performance
Green Building
Sustainable construction

8. What is Green building?
Green building, or sustainable building, is
designed, built, operated, and maintained
using environmentally responsible and
resource efficient processes.

9. What is Green building?
Renovated or refurbished properties can
be also considered as green sustainable
buildings if sustainable practices are
carried out during the process.

10. The most important benefit of green
building is the energy efficiency, which is
reflected in the direct costs of running the
real estate property and the increase in the
net income of the building.

11. 3 Major Forces of going GREEN
1. Growing evidence of accelerated destruction
of planetary ecosystem, alteration of global
biogeochemical cycles, and enormous
increase in population and consumption
• “The sixth extinction- the human species’
massive destruction of life and biodiversity on
the planet.”

13. 2. Increasing demand for natural resources is
pressuring developed and developing
countries resulting in shortage and
increasing prices for material and
agricultural products.

14. 3. Green building movement is coinciding with
similar transformations in manufacturing,
tourism, agriculture, medicine, and the
public sector which have adopted various
approaches in greening their activities.

16. Principles of Sustainable Construction
• Reduce resource consumption
• Reuse resources
• Use recyclable resources
• Protect nature
• Eliminate toxins
• Apply life cycle costing
• Focus on quality
1. Reduce
2. Reuse
3. Recycle
4. Nature
5. Toxics
6. Economics
7. Quality

17. RA 9729 – Climate Change Act of 2009
• An Act mainstreaming CLIMATE CHANGE into
government policy formulations, establishing
the framework strategy and program on
climate change, creating for this purpose the
climate change commission, and for other
purposes.

18. RA 9729 Section 2
• The state has adopted the Philippine Agenda
21 framework which espouses sustainable
development to fulfil human needs while
maintaining the quality of the natural
environment for current and future
generations

19. PHILIPPINE GREEN BUILDING
CODE

21. • The Code proposes a set of standards
which apply to efficient use of resources,
site selection, planning, design,
construction, use, occupancy, operation
and maintenance.

24. Objectives of GB Code
1. Improve efficiency of building performance
through set of standards
2. Counter harmful gases responsible for effects
of climate change
3. Efficient use of resources, site, design,
construction and maintenance
Without significant increase in cost

25. Coverage of GB Code

26. 7 sections of the GB Code
1. Permitting
2. Energy Efficiency
3. Water Efficiency
4. Material Sustainability
5. Solid Waste Management
6. Site Sustainability
7. Indoor Environmental Quality

29. ENERGY EFFICIENCY

30. Design Principles for Energy Efficiency

31. Building Orientation

32. Building envelope

33. Solar shading

34. Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)

36. U-factor:
• It measures how much heat is conducted
through a window.
• A low U-factor signifies that a window is
well-insulated and therefore more energy-
efficient.
• A rating of 0.30 or below is considered very
good.

37. Solar heat-gain coefficient (SHGC):
• SHGC can improve indoor climate control
through the installation of high-SHGC
(>0.55) windows in cold climates and
low-SHGC (<0.40) windows in warm
climates.

38. Visible transmittance (VT):
• the amount of visible light that can pass
through a window.
• VT is measured on a scale of 0 to 1, where 0
signifies no light transmittance and 1 is
complete light transmittance.
• Coatings, glazes, and tints can reduce VT

39. Light-to-solar gain (LSG):
• Ratio of VT to SHGC.
• A high LSG rating is given to a window that
lets through a lot of light relative to the
amount of heat.

40. Low-emissivity (low-e) glazes:
• transparent metal-oxide
insulators that block longer
wavelengths of energy
while still allowing visible
light (shorter wavelengths)
to pass through.
• Low-e windows work well
for keeping heat either
inside or outside of a
building, depending on
climate.

41. Gas fills:
• double-paned windows
are made with an inert
gas such as argon or
krypton in the inter-
pane space because
they are better
insulators than air.
• Manufacturers may
use a mix of gases, as
argon is cheaper but
krypton is more
effective.

42. Air leakage:
• low air leakage is always good.
• Windows should have a leakage rating of less
than 0.30 cubic feet per minute per square foot
of window and should be properly installed to
avoid leaks around the edges.
• Windows that open outward, like awnings or
casements, close more tightly than sliding
windows.

44. ROOF

45. Cool Roofs
• Rooftops have become a large
contributor to excessive heat issues.
• 90% of roofs are poorly designed and
built with dark, non-reflective, heat-
absorbing materials.

46. • Cool roofing is one of the main strategies
used to prevent future occurrences of
heat island effects.
• A cool roof prevents heat absorption by
reflecting the sun’s heat and then
emitting its radiation back into the
atmosphere.

47. Energy Efficiency
-Building envelope
color – high solar
reflectance index (SRI)
of building envelope
surface can reduce
heat transfer from the
outside to the inside

49. • Green roofs reduce the temperature of the
building and the surrounding air in multiple
ways:
1.Shading: They provide shade to the top of a
building
2.Evapotranspiration: the plants in a green
roof absorb water through their roots, and
then use surrounding heat from the air to
evaporate the water

51. Types of Green Roof

52. Energy Efficiency
Roof insulation – reduction of heat
transfer at the roof through proper
insulation thus improving thermal
comfort, acoustic quality and load
reduction for air conditioning system.

53. Energy Efficiency
Efficiency of electrical systems
• Daylighting provision – harvest natural
daylighting through the use of windows, light
shelf, clerestory, skylight and light scoop
• Daylight controlled of lighting system–
controlled use of artificial lighting due to
daylighting

54. Energy Efficiency
Efficiency of electrical systems
–Lighting power density – regulated power
consumption due to lighting lower watts
per sq. meter
–Occupancy sensors – controlled use of
artificial lighting in areas with variable
occupancy

55. • In order to limit the use of electricity in the
unoccupied areas of buildings, occupancy
sensors linked to lighting (except for
emergency and security lighting) shall be
installed in areas with variable occupancy
such as corridors, private offices, storage
rooms, common toilets, meeting rooms,
stairways, other similar areas.
• For covered car parks: minimum of 60% of
the lighting must be controlled by the
occupancy sensors.

56. • Transformers that are part of the building
electrical system shall have efficiencies not
lower than 98% as prescribed in the DOE
Guidelines on Energy Conserving Design of
Buildings.

60. WATER EFFICIENCY

62. a. Efficient Water fixtures - are technologies that use
less water in order to perform the same function of
cleaning as effectively as standard models

66. MATERIAL SUSTAINABILITY

67. Material Selection
Materials & Ingredients Lists

68. Material Sustainability
Use of non-toxic materials required under the section of
low-emitting materials, including the following (from
ASHRAE 189.1)
• Adhesives and sealants
• Paints, coatings and primers
• Floor coverings
• Composite wood
• Office furniture system
• Ceiling and wall partitions
ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)

69. GREEN BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

70. GREEN BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

71. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

72. The new 5 R’s cycle approach

73. 4. Solid Waste Management
• MRF – Material Recovery Facility
• It is a solid waste management facility that
provides for the extraction from solid waste
of recyclable materials suitable for use as a
fuel or soil amendment is combination;

75. Techniques in Green construction
Construction waste management
- materials are recyclable on site; concrete
that can be crushed and used as aggregate
beneath parking lots.

76. SITE SUSTAINABILITY

79. Site Solution

80. Smart landscaping
• creatively and effectively implementing a
landscape project that meets the needs of a
parking lot while incorporating environmental
efficiencies.

81. Bioretention-Rain Garden

83. Techniques in Green construction
Managing the site for improved environment
• Treat water on site and avoid it to flow into
the local sewer system; silt fencing
surrounding the area
• No smoking on the site
• Bring recycling containers for food wastes

84. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY

85. • Indoor characteristics that most
affect human health are connected
to thermal comfort, lighting,
moisture, mold and noise.

86. GREEN BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
• RA 9211, the Tobacco Regulations Act,
restricts tobacco smoking in public spaces
and the prescription of designated
smoking areas inside buildings.

87. GREEN BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
❖ Requirements:
❑If smoking is only allowed outdoors,
designated smoking areas shall be
naturally ventilated, outside of the
building shell and away from
building entrances, windows and
outside supply air (OSA) intakes by
at least ten (10) meters.

89. GREEN BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
❖ Requirements:
❑ If smoking is allowed indoors,
designated smoking areas shall be
provided, partitioned from the rest of
the indoor areas. Partitions shall be
from floor to soffit of the next floor or
roof structure.

90. • The sick building syndrome (SBS) and building-
related illnesses (BRI).

91. Indicators of SBS include:
• Building occupants complain of symptoms
associated with acute discomfort, e.g.,
headache; eye, nose, or throat irritation; dry cough;
dry or itchy skin; dizziness and nausea; difficulty in
concentrating; fatigue; and sensitivity to odors.

92. Indicators of BRI include:
• Building occupants complain of symptoms
such as cough; chest tightness; fever, chills;
and muscle aches.

94. buildings condition in terms of
comfort and health:
• Hygrothermal comfort: Stability of
hygrothermal comfort conditions and homogeneity of
hygrothermal atmospheres, hygrothermal zoning,
according to use;

95. buildings condition in terms of
comfort and health:
• Acoustic comfort: Acoustic correction, acoustic
insulation, attenuation of impact noise and equipment
noise, acoustic zoning, according to use;

96. buildings condition in terms of
comfort and health:
• Visual comfort: Satisfactory visual relationship
with outside, optimal natural lighting in terms of comfort
and energy costs, appropriate artificial lighting as a
complement to natural lighting;

97. buildings condition in terms of
comfort and health:
• Olfactory comfort: Reduction of
unpleasant odor sources, ventilation to
evacuate unpleasant odors;

98. buildings condition in terms of
comfort and health:
• Sanitary conditions: Creation of
satisfactory properties of interior atmospheres,
creation of optimal hygiene conditions, ease of
cleaning and evacuation of activity waste, creation of
facilities for reduced-mobility users;

99. Interior Solutions
• Building insulation
• Air sealing and ventilation
• Greywater system
• Flooring materials
• Lighting strategies
• Paints and coatings
• Materials red list
• Green cleaning

100. How Healthy Buildings Create
Healthy Communities?

101. Smart city would have:
• Adequate and reliable water and energy supplies
• efficient sanitation and waste management.
• Effective urban mobility
• Affordable housing
• Excellent connectivity and digitization.
• Effective governance/e-governance.
• Safety and security for citizens
• Excellent health and education facilities, with a
focus on sustainability.

102. HOW HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY

103. TIPS FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOME
AUTOMATION
1). Schedule your lights and appliances to turn off when not in use
2). Use smart thermostats to control your heating and cooling
3). Install energy-efficient lighting
4). Use energy-efficient appliances
5). Monitor your energy usage

104. GREEN BUILDING
We are nature, all changes to
nature and to the habitat have an
impact on us.

106. END

107. References
• Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery by Charles j.
Kibert, 2008
• https://www.ashrae.org/education
• https://www.azobuild.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8514
• http://www.hpbmagazine.org
• Grumman, David. What Makes Buildings High Performing.
• DPWH
• http://www.ifma.org/resources/sustainability/
• http://architecture2030.org
• http://www.epa.gov/oaintrnt/projects/guidingprinciples.htm
• http://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/proof-greenest-building-
one-already-standing-released-new-report-preservation-green-lab.html

108. References
• Burroughs, H. Managing Indoor Air Quality
• Morawska, L. Indoor Environment
• USEPA. Sick Building Syndrome.
• Green Building Materials. Calrecycle.ca.gov. (2019). Retrieved 3 December
2020, from
https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/greenbuilding/materials#:~:text=Green%2
0building%20materials%20offer%20specific,Improved%20occupant%20
health%20and%20productivity.
• Guide, B. (2020). 23 Different Green Building Materials. The Constructor.
Retrieved 28 August 2020, from
https://theconstructor.org/building/green-building-materials/7028/.
• https://www.mashvisor.com/blog/green-building/
• https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/fresh-perspectives/a1312-10-
things-to-consider-when-designing-a-green-building/
• https://f.hubspotusercontent40.net/hubfs/8182097/Mitsubishi%20Power%20Thr
ee%20Technologies%20to%20Watch%20FINAL%202.26.21%20(002).pdf?_hsmi=1
15104162&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_EHD1vCBesifFE1TNEcER-
j6AjF23MF8Q9qdKI7CRg2P28vF5Mf0GezxyCIRlQbRhkP93ZTKVDe9DP2D94P4pAN1
_BPg