Greece : Alternative sources of Energy
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This document discusses various renewable energy sources and technologies, including their operation and potential in Greece. It outlines that wind power depends on wind velocity and density, with average speeds above 10 m/s considered high potential. Solar power from photovoltaic systems and active solar can generate electricity from the sun, and Greece receives long periods of sunshine. Small hydroelectric plants harness solar-powered hydrological cycles without large reservoirs. Geothermal energy on the island of Nisyros provides heat from underground water, powering the local economy. The document promotes renewable sources as inexhaustible and preventing greenhouse gas emissions.
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HYDROELECTRIC AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
This document discusses two renewable energy sources: hydroelectric energy and geothermal energy. Hydroelectric energy is generated by harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing rivers and streams to turn turbines connected to electrical generators. Geothermal energy utilizes hot steam produced from underground hot springs, which is brought to the surface via drilling and used to power turbines and generate electricity, or can be used directly for heating. Both hydroelectric and geothermal energy are environmentally-friendly alternatives to energy generated from fossil fuels.
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1. Introduction
In today's world of climbing fuel prices, approaching the peak oil supply limit, and discussions of global warming, renewable energy is gaining more public attention and receiving more financial and legislative support. We need to learn more about the different types of renewable energy so that you can help educate your family, friends, and policymakers about ways to help our country move towards energy independence and environmental sustainability. According to a USAID report, Pakistan has the potential of producing 150,000 megawatts of wind energy, of which only the Sindh corridor can produce 40,000 megawatts.
2. Definition
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
3. Types of Renewable Energy
Most Countries currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are constantly replenished and will never run out.
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses.
The sun's heat also drives the winds, whose energy, is captured with wind turbines. Then, the winds and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapor turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured using hydroelectric power. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. The organic matter that makes up those plants is known as biomass. Biomass can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. The use of biomass for any of these purposes is called bioenergy.
Hydrogen also can be found in many organic compounds, as well as water. It's the most abundant element on the Earth. But it doesn't occur naturally as a gas. It's always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or converted into electricity.
Not all renewable energy resources come from the sun. Geothermal energy taps the Earth's internal heat for a variety of uses, including electric power production, and the heating and cooling of buildings. And the energy of the ocean's tides come from the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun upon the Earth.
In fact, ocean energy comes from a number of sources. In add
Renewable energy
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2) It provides details on how each type of renewable energy is harnessed and converted into electricity through different technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, hydroelectric dams, etc.
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In today's world of climbing fuel prices, approaching the peak oil supply limit, and discussions of global warming, renewable energy is gaining more public attention and receiving more financial and legislative support. We need to learn more about the different types of renewable energy so that you can help educate your family, friends, and policymakers about ways to help our country move towards energy independence and environmental sustainability. According to a USAID report, Pakistan has the potential of producing 150,000 megawatts of wind energy, of which only the Sindh corridor can produce 40,000 megawatts.
2. Definition
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
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Most Countries currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are constantly replenished and will never run out.
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses.
The sun's heat also drives the winds, whose energy, is captured with wind turbines. Then, the winds and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapor turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured using hydroelectric power. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. The organic matter that makes up those plants is known as biomass. Biomass can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. The use of biomass for any of these purposes is called bioenergy.
Hydrogen also can be found in many organic compounds, as well as water. It's the most abundant element on the Earth. But it doesn't occur naturally as a gas. It's always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or converted into electricity.
Not all renewable energy resources come from the sun. Geothermal energy taps the Earth's internal heat for a variety of uses, including electric power production, and the heating and cooling of buildings. And the energy of the ocean's tides come from the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun upon the Earth.
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Hydroelectricity is generated by harnessing the gravitational force of falling or flowing water to turn turbines and generate electricity. It accounts for 16% of global electricity production. China is the largest producer, generating over 700 terawatt-hours in 2010, mainly from large conventional dams. Small-scale hydroelectric power below 10MW also contributes, especially in developing nations. While hydro is a renewable and low-cost source of electricity, dams can negatively impact local ecosystems.
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The document discusses various renewable energy sources including hydropower, tidal power, wind power, and biomass energy. It explains that hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water through dams and turbines, first being implemented at Niagara Falls in 1879. Wind power converts the kinetic energy of wind into electricity through wind turbines, and is currently the fastest growing energy source. Tidal power extracts energy from tidal currents and ranges. Biomass energy refers to organic matter from plants and animals that can be converted to energy through combustion. The document explores advantages such as renewability and economic benefits, and disadvantages including unreliability and high costs of some renewable resources.
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ALTERNATE AND RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY
Energy is defined as the ability or capacity to do work. There are two main types of energy sources - renewable and non-renewable. Renewable sources like solar, wind and hydro can be replenished naturally, while non-renewable sources like coal, oil and natural gas are finite and will eventually be depleted. Conservation of energy through more efficient use can help reduce consumption of conventional sources and promote sustainability.
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This document discusses hydroelectricity and provides an overview of its history and production. It covers:
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- How hydroelectricity works by using the gravitational force of falling or flowing water to generate electricity through turbines. It is a renewable source that supplies around 20% of the world's electricity.
- Some advantages are its low costs and that it produces no direct waste, but disadvantages include interrupting river flows and harming ecosystems through dam building.
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ABSTRACT
In India, more than 200 million people live in rural areas without access to grid-connected power. A convenient & cost-effective solution would be hybrid power systems which can reduce dependency on grid supply, improve reliability. For a typical domestic load a solar –wind hybrid system is designed with charge controller to charge a conventional battery. To optimize system efficiency, a simple algorithm is developed for system sizing. Total cost of unit is calculated using life cycle cost analysis and payback period.
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This project proposes a new renewable energy technology called Plant-e that generates electricity from living plants. Plant-e uses photosynthesis to produce organic matter in the plant waste, which is then broken down by microbes at the anode of a microbial fuel cell to produce electricity. This technology could generate electricity all over the world wherever plants can grow, such as on rooftops, in gardens, forests, or power plants in fields. It has the advantages of being green, clean and affordable while having minimal impacts on the environment. A pilot plant has been set up in the Netherlands to test electricity generation on a roof. Plant-e could potentially meet one-third of a household's electricity needs and save households money on their electricity
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Hydro power harnesses the energy of falling or running water and has been used for centuries to power irrigation and machinery. Wind power captures the kinetic energy of wind using turbines with blades that spin a shaft connected to a generator. Solar power uses photovoltaic cells made of metalization layers that harvest photons from sunlight and convert it to electrical energy. These renewable green energy sources can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Conventional sources of energy (power generation) 01
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My research students calibration of two Vegetronix VH400 sensors - mVolt values for samples 1 and 2 at several different moisture contents
توجد عشرات الطرق غير المباشرة لتقدير المحتوى الرطوبى فى الأراضى بالاعتماد على خاصية ما للمياه وللتربة - ولكن القليل منها يسهل استعماله ويعطى نتائجاً مباشرة ولا يحطم بناء التربة ولا يحتاج إلى نقل عينات - والقليل فقط يمكن توصله بصمام للتحكم فى فتح وغلق مصدر الرى لجعل عملية الرى آلية - ومن هذا القليل للغاية تأتى تقنية (حيّز التردد) وهى تقنية حديثة سريعة ونظيفة ولكنها - كباقى الطرق غير المباشرة لتقدير رطوبة التربة - تحتاج إلى معايرة أمام الطريقة الوزنية المرجعية. هذه الوثيقة توضح ذك من حيث الأساس العلمى ومن حيث نموذج المعايرة
محاضرتى عن كهرومغنطيسية رطوبة الأراضى
نسخة منقحة ونهائية توضح أسرار استخدام "مجس سعة" أحادى الشريحة فى التقدير السريع لرطوبة الأراضى والتحكم فى فتح وإغلاق مصدر رى من أجل تقليل فواقد المياه المستخدمة فى الزارعة - هذه الوثيقة تقدم عرضاً متكاملاً لأحدث تقنية فى هذا المجال الحيوى
رصد رطوبة الأراضى - تحكم آلى فى الرى - مجس سعة
FDR irrigation sensor -
Irrigation automation
أفتكر الإضافات الأخيرة جعلت الموضوع شديد الوضوح
الموضوع ده مش للعياقة والهزار والمنظرة - الموضوع ده للتحكم فى مياه الرى التى يسرف فيها المصريون بلا أى داعى وبيبوظوا بيها أحود الأراضى - بس ياريت نافع - أهو بننفخ فى قربة مقطوعة وخلاص - وهل فى البلد دى سوى القرب المقطوعة؟ - الأمر لله - حانعمل إيه يعنى؟ - هى مصر كده
التعديل الأخير - أنا زهقت من الشغلانة دى
Alternative sources of energy
The document discusses the need for alternative energy sources due to the finite nature and environmental impact of fossil fuels. It notes that fossil fuels currently supply around 90% of the world's energy but have a limited lifespan of 40-50 years for oil. Burning fossil fuels also contributes to issues like global warming, acid rain and pollution. Alternative renewable sources like solar, wind and hydroelectric offer advantages as they are inexhaustible, clean and available worldwide at small scales. While nuclear power was once seen as an alternative, it produces dangerous radioactive waste and risks like Chernobyl undermine public confidence in it.
Chapter6: Work, Energy and Power
1) The document discusses concepts of energy, work, and potential energy. It defines energy as involving physical processes and transfers in the universe.
2) Work is defined as the product of the force applied, displacement of the force, and the cosine of the angle between them. Positive work is when the force and displacement are in the same direction.
3) There are different types of potential energy including gravitational potential energy, which depends on height above a reference point, and elastic potential energy stored in springs. Potential energy is based on the configuration of interacting objects in a system.
The Journey to Now and Beyond - Communications
How far have we come? Where are we going? A glimpse into the past for graphic design & communications, digital disruption, content marketing (planning, content, distribution), and best practices. Presentation & Workshop for Brock University Masters Class - Foundations of Sustainability Science and Society - Environmental Communications. Nov. 2016
Accomplishment report 2016 pdf
This document provides an introduction and history of Hernani, a municipality in Eastern Samar, Philippines. Some key points:
- Hernani was originally called Nag-as and was founded in 1850 by settlers from Samar. It grew through agriculture and trade.
- In 1864, it was made a regular municipality through a royal decree and its name was changed to Hernani. However, in 1897 a tidal wave destroyed much of the town, forcing survivors to relocate.
- The document discusses Hernani's current geography, population, education programs and statistics. It also outlines the municipal's annual improvement plan, issues faced, lessons learned and recommendations to address challenges like low participation and passing rates.
النفايات كمصدر متجدد للطاقة - التجربة السويدية
في هذا العرض أقدم دراسة موجزة جدّاً عن تجربة السويد في مجال التخلص من النفايات و توليد الطاقة منها محوّلة النفايات إلى مصدر متجدد يمدّ السويديين بالكهرباء و التدفئة .. تجربة رائدة على مستوى العالم و مثال يحتذى . ويتضمن العرض فصلاً موجزاً ايضاً عن كيفية الإستفادة من تلك التجربة في سوريا ( محافظة طرطوس مثالاً )
Alternative sources of energy
This document discusses several alternative energy sources including wind energy, hydroelectricity, biofuels, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Wind energy is generated by converting the kinetic energy of wind using wind turbines. Hydroelectricity is generated by storing water in reservoirs and releasing it through turbines. Biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel can replace conventional fuels and are made from biological materials. Geothermal energy uses heat from inside the earth to generate electricity. Solar energy uses photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electricity, with solar power becoming more common for household and small-scale use.
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
This document discusses various alternative energy sources and their potential in India. It provides an overview of solar, biomass and wind energy - their applications, potential and progress in India. For solar energy, it describes uses in power generation, heating, lighting and vehicles. Biomass energy comes from organic sources and is being used in gasifiers and plants. Wind energy farms have been growing in India, which now has the 5th largest installed wind capacity. However, alternative sources still only meet a small part of India's energy needs and more development is required.
Alternative Energy Sources
The document discusses the need to shift to alternative energy sources as fossil fuels are rapidly depleting. It summarizes that coal reserves will last 200 years, oil 20-30 years, and natural gas 40-70 years. Various alternative energy sources are mentioned that could be developed, including solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, tidal, biomass, and synthetic fuels. India has potential to develop hydro, wind, and solar power further to meet energy demands.
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The document discusses various sustainable energy resources including solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, bioenergy, and nuclear power. It describes each resource, how it works, its environmental impacts, and current uses. Sustainable energy sources meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and include renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydropower as well as nuclear power which has low greenhouse gas emissions.
Energy resources
This document discusses various energy resources including renewable and non-renewable sources. It provides details on solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, and tidal power. Some key points made are:
- Renewable resources include solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, etc. and can be used continuously, while non-renewables like coal and gas are limited.
- Solar energy can be harnessed using solar collectors, cells, cookers, water heaters, and large power plants.
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Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable energy sources include sunlight, geothermal heat, tides, wind and biomass. These sources generate clean energy without pollution or climate change. The main types are solar, wind, hydropower, biofuels and geothermal. Solar energy is captured through photovoltaic cells and solar thermal collectors. Wind energy is harnessed via wind turbines in wind farms, and hydropower uses the force of moving water in dams to generate electricity. Biomass and biofuels come from organic matter like plants, and geothermal taps heat from within the earth.
Renewable energy & its furure prospects in india
India's renewable energy sector has grown significantly in recent decades. Renewable energy currently accounts for 9% of India's total installed power capacity and 3% of electricity generation. However, demand for energy is projected to substantially increase by 2020-21. To meet this demand, India has set targets to deploy various renewable technologies like solar, wind, biomass and small hydro. Realizing its renewable energy potential could help India reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and create rural employment opportunities.
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Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal can be replenished and do not cause pollution. Solar cells convert sunlight to electricity but are currently expensive and only efficient at converting 25% of sunlight. Wind turbines use wind kinetic energy to generate electricity but require many turbines to have a large impact. Hydroelectric dams provide reliable power but can flood habitats. Geothermal energy captures underground heat to power generators. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas are non-renewable and produce greenhouse gases and other pollution when burned. Nuclear power produces no emissions but creates radioactive waste that remains dangerous for thousands of years.
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Renewable and non-renewable energy sources are discussed. Renewable sources include solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal and tidal power. Solar cells convert sunlight to electricity but have low efficiency. Wind turbines capture kinetic energy from wind to generate electricity. Hydroelectric dams produce large amounts of power but require specific locations. Fossil fuels like coal and oil are non-renewable and produce pollution when burned, though they currently provide most energy. Nuclear power is a non-renewable source that does not pollute when generating electricity but produces radioactive waste.
Report
A solar inverter converts the variable direct current (DC) output of solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can power homes or be fed into the electric grid. It is a critical component that allows solar power to be used with standard appliances. This document discusses the operation of solar inverters and solar panels, which use the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity from sunlight and maximize power output through techniques like maximum power point tracking. It also provides an overview of renewable energy sources like wind, hydro, and solar power and their increasing role in energy supply.
Sustainable Energy.pptx
This ppt contains slides on renewable Energy with components:-
Solar energy
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Ocean Thermal energy
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Fuel cell
Energy to waste
Hydro power plant
A well designed and good looking ppt for school projects
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This document discusses various renewable and non-conventional energy sources including solar, wind, hydropower, biomass/biofuels, geothermal, and tidal energy. It provides details on how each type of energy is harnessed, current uses, examples of large-scale projects, and some advantages and disadvantages. The main renewable energy sources are described as being directly or indirectly related to solar energy. Specific technologies are explained for harnessing different renewable sources like photovoltaics and solar thermal for solar, wind turbines for wind, dams and run-of-river systems for hydropower, and biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol production from biomass.
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Renewable energy, that's what we now have to think about!! In this era where the conventional sources are getting exhausted, prices soaring up, alternate must be brought in our daily life.
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This document provides an overview of electrical power systems in India. It discusses different power generation sources including thermal, hydro, nuclear, wind, and solar. Thermal power accounts for the majority of India's installed capacity. The document also describes the basic workings of thermal, nuclear, hydro, and wind power plants. It notes that per capita electricity consumption in India is much lower than other countries like the UK and US.
Renewable energy
This document discusses various renewable energy sources including solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy. It describes how each source works to generate energy and provides examples of real-world applications. The document emphasizes that renewable sources are abundant, cause less pollution than fossil fuels, and are important alternatives to address issues like global warming.
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Solar to energy conversion.The definition,need for,technologies and the Future of solar energy in the planet earth.
The article is presented by Geofrey Kibiwott yator University of Eldoret.
Renewable energy reto
Renewable energy comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. It is used for electricity generation, heating, transportation fuels, and off-grid energy services. Key renewable technologies include wind turbines, solar panels, hydropower installations, various biofuels and biomass facilities, and geothermal plants. Renewable energy resources exist widely and can provide energy security, climate, and economic benefits if deployed rapidly through technology diversification. Emerging technologies like cellulosic ethanol, marine energy, and advanced geothermal continue to be developed.
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Energy in the form heat is one of the main energy
requirements in domestic, agricultural, industrial and
commercial sectors of our economy.
Unconventional sources of energy
This document provides information on various non-conventional energy sources, including nuclear energy, tidal energy, solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy. For each type of energy, it discusses what it is, how it works, its applications, and examples of its use. Nuclear energy is generated through controlled chain reactions and splitting of atoms. Tidal energy uses turbines to capture the kinetic energy of ocean tides. Solar energy comes from sunlight and is used for electricity, heating, agriculture, and chemical processes. Wind energy uses turbines to convert the kinetic energy of wind into electricity. Geothermal energy taps into heat from within the earth.
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This document provides an overview of solar energy, including its history, current uses, and future potential. It discusses how solar energy is a renewable resource that can be converted to electricity or heat. The document outlines the development of solar technologies from the Greeks and Romans to modern photovoltaic cells. Examples are given of solar energy uses in Kenya and for electricity generation, heating, and transportation. The environmental benefits and potential impacts of solar power are also summarized. The future of solar is said to be bright with opportunities like solar plants in space and more efficient photovoltaic cells.
Energy resources
India has abundant solar energy potential due to its high solar radiation levels. However, only about 12.5% of India's land area is suitable for solar energy installations since most land is used for agriculture, forests, or is uninhabitable. Even if 10% of suitable land was used for solar, it could generate an estimated 8 million MW of solar energy per year, equivalent to 5.9 million tons of oil. Solar energy technologies include solar thermal technologies that use the sun's thermal energy and solar photovoltaics that directly convert sunlight to electricity.
renewable and non-renewable sources of energy
in this report we are investigating some of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy in a simple way with an attractive way .
Renewable energy
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B.tech. i es unit 4 environment renewable and non renewable energy resources
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- 3. Depends upon wind velocity and density Its utilization possibilities depend on the particular wind characteristics of each area, such as, wind direction, velocity and density, as well as peak values and turbulence.
- 4. Areas whose mean annual velocity exceeds 10 m/s are generally considered as high wind potential areas. It is an inexhaustible source of energy, which contributes to the prevention of greenhouse gas emissions.
- 6. Operation of a typical 10 MW wind farm can provide the annual equivalent electric power for 7.250 households, saving the equivalent of 2.580 tons of fuel oil. In Greece, a typical 750 kW wind generator will produce 2.25 millions kWh on average, preventing the emission of 2.250 tons of carbon dioxide. It other terms it contributes to the environment the annual equivalent of 3.000 acres of forest or 150.000 trees.
- 8. Sun is an inexhaustible source of power, which can be, directly or indirectly, altered in electric power. The photovoltaic systems may turn the solar power into electric, due to the photovoltaic phenomenon. In a country with long periods of sunshine, such as Greece, the solar power is an infinite energy source.
- 9. The first photovoltaic parks (PP) were installed on the islands of Kithnos and Sifnos. In fact, the PP in Kithnos was created in 1983 and it was the first Park of this kind in Europe.
- 11. Photovoltaic parks installed
- 12. Photovoltaic parks under construction
- 13. Hydroelectric plants are powered by the hydrological cycle, also dependent upon solar power. Small hydroelectric projects not linked to large water basins to regulate water flow (and their operation as a consequence) require a minimum secure water flow with limited seasonal variations.
- 16. Hybrid systems of power generation are based on the combination of two different renewable energy sources: • wind power • hydroelectric power The innovative combination of these two natural resources consists a credible solution to the major issue of storage and controlled grid of the generated power. The Ikaria Hybrid Power Plant is currently under construction is considered the first of its kind in Europe.
- 18. Geothermal power has been utilized since 1904 in order to produce “green” power. The key for the production of the power lies on the geothermal fluids, such as, underground seas or other kind of water tanks. Today, the total capacity of the installed geothermoelectric units surpasses the 9,000 MW, rendering the Geothermy a reliable, available and environmentally friendly alternative source of energy.
- 19. In our region, on the island of Nisyros, where there is a wealthy geothermal field, the utilization of the unexploited geothermal fluids, which are deep down in the Earth’s core, is the main factor for the island’s wealth and economy growth. Nisyros is a volcanic island located south of the Aegean sea between Kos and Tilos. It is part of a group of islands called Dodecanese
- 25. http://forthewind.wordpress.com/2012/04/2 3/the-necessity-of-renewable-energy- sources/ http://www.cres.gr/kape/index_eng.htm http://www.dei.gr/en/i- dei/perivallon/perivallontiki- stratigiki/ananewsimes-piges-energeias
- 26. Thank you for your attention!
Editor's Notes
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- GYALI