Unconventional sources of energy

Unconventional sources of energy

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  NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY PPTFOR PHYSICS
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  TYPES OF UNCONVENTIONALENERGIES DISCUSSED INTHIS PRESENTATION  NUCLEAR ENERGY TIDAL ENERGY  SOLAR ENERGY  WIND ENERGY
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  NUCLEAR ENERGY ■ Nuclearenergy is generated by the virtue of controlled chain reactions ■ This form of energy was discovered immediately after the discovery of radioactive elements ■ The formation of nuclear energy is due to the conversion of mass into energy after the process of splitting of atoms takes place ■ Nuclear energy fuel, which is widely used in the world is Uranium (U-235) due to its property of quick splitting of atoms ■ The reason nuclear energy is being promoted is that it does not cause environmental pollution, as no harmful gases are let out into the atmosphere ■ Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world. ■ The first large-scale nuclear power station opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England, in 1956. ■ Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plants for engines. ■ Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from burning fossil fuels. FIG(A). HOW ITWORKS FIG(B). NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
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  APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEARENERGY ■ NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS These are power plants that run on nuclear reactors. Nuclear reactors, in simple words, can be described as a well-designed device which is used for initiating and controlling a nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear fission produces heat which is used in the creation of electricity in a nuclear power plant. ■ RADIATIONTHERAPY This is a modern use of nuclear energy and is used in the treatment of cancer by destroying cancerous cells in the patient's body.This technique is also called radiation oncology or radiotherapy. ■ FOOD PROCESSING If nuclear energy is exposed to food in small amounts, then it is possible to kill harmful germs, micro-organisms and bacteria present in it which cause decaying and disease. So, in this age of growing demand for quality food, nuclear energy is a big boon. ■ INDUSTRIALAPPLICATION There are many manufacturers who use radio-isotopes in enhancing the quality of goods produced in industries.This happens because radioisotopes help in detecting faults in goods produced. Radioactive materials are used in the place of oil and natural gas in the petroleum and mining sector whereas in the automobile sector, it is used to check steel quality.
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  TIDAL ENERGY ■ Tidalenergy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean tides in order to produce electricity. Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity generation because of the massive size of the oceans.These articles explore the potential energy of tidal power technologies. ■ Tidal energy is one of the oldest forms of energy used by humans. Indeed, tide mills, in use on the Spanish, French and British coasts, date back to 787 A.D ■ Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages, undersea tidal turbines – like wind turbines but driven by the sea – and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents are under development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely predictable. ■ Tidal power is a form of low-head hydroelectricity and uses familiar low-head hydroelectric generating equipment ■ Tidal energy is a renewable source of electricity which does not result in the emission of gases responsible for global warming or acid rain associated with fossil fuel generated electricity.Use of tidal energy could also decrease the need for nuclear power, with its associated radiation risks.
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  APPLICATIONS OFTIDAL ENERGY ■Tidal Electricity – Like other forms of Energy ,the main usage ofTidal Energy is in the generation of Electricity.Tidal Energy is being used in France to generate 240 MW ofTidal Electricity at very low costs. ■ Grain Mills- Just likeWind Mills,Tidal Energy was used for the mechanical crushing of grains in Grain Mills.The movement ofTurbines due toTidal Energy was used in the crush Grains. ■ Energy Storage –Tidal Energy can also be used as a store of Energy. Like many of the hydroelectric dams which can be used a large Energy Storage ,so Tidal Barrages with their reservoirs can be modified to store energy. ■ Provide Protection to Coast in High Storms – Tidal Barrages can prevent Damage to the Coast during High Storms and also provide an easy transport method between the 2 arms of a Bay or an Estuary on which it is built.
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  SOLAR ENERGY ■ Solarenergy is energy that is present in sunlight. It has been used for thousands of years in many different ways by people all over the world.As well as its traditional human uses in heating, cooking, and drying, it is used today to make electricity where other power supplies are absent, such as in remote places and in space. ■ Horticulture and agriculture seek to make the maximum use of solar energy.These include techniques like timing of planting cycles and mixing of plant varieties. Green houses are also used to convert light into heat to promote year round cultivation of special crops ■ Solar chemical processes replace fossil fuels as a source for chemical energy and can make solar energy storable and transportable. Photosynthesis can create a variety of fuels. Technology for producing Hydrogen is a major area of solar chemical research. ■ Thermal storage systems can store solar energy in the form of heat by using common materials with high specific heat such as stone, earth and water. Solar energy can be stored also in molten salts.
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  APPLICATIONS OF SOLARENERGY ■ Solar powered hot water systems utilize solar energy to heat water. In certain areas, 60 to 70% of water used domestically for temperatures as high as 60 degree Celsius can be made available by solar heating ■ Solar chimneys are passive solar ventilation systems. Shafts connect the interior and exterior of the building.The functioning can be improved by glazing and using thermal mass materials. ■ Solar power is the most exciting use of solar energy. It is how solar energy is converted into electricity by using either photo-voltaic (direct method) or concentrated solar power (Indirect). Large beams of sunlight are focused into a small beam using mirrors or lenses in the case of concentrated solar power. Photoelectric effect is used by Photo voltaic to convert solar energy into electric energy
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  WIND ENERGY ■ Windis simply air in motion.Winds are created by the sun's uneven heating of the atmosphere in combination with the irregular surface of the earth and the earth's rotation.These winds can be "harvested" using wind turbines and used to make electricity.The force of the wind makes the wind turbine blades spin, and the energy of this motion is converted into electricity by a generator. ■ Wind energy is one of the best sources of alternative energy. It is a renewable source of energy and does not produce any pollutants or emissions during operation that could harm the environment, other than those required for maintenance. Wind power is one of the cleanest and safest method of generating renewable electricity. ■ Wind energy is underutilized as of now and holds tremendous potential for the future.Though there has been a 25% increase in wind turbine use in the last decade, wind energy still provides only a small percentage of the energy of the world.
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  APPLICATIONS OFWIND ENERGY ■Energy-generating wind turbines: Wind turbines are installed to capture the power of the wind and be able to convert it to energy.This can be on a broad scale, such as the wind turbines found on wind farms ■ Wind-powered vehicles:You’ve probably heard about this one recently. A car, powered primarily by wind (using kites), just completed a 3,100 mile journey across Australia.While it wasn’t 100% powered by the wind, it was a good example of how cars can also be powered using alternative energies. ■ Wind/Kite-Powered Cargo Ships:Another great example of tapping into the power of the wind, can be found with Cargill.Cargill has stepped up and gone with the innovative idea of installing a large kite on one of its cargo ships in order to tap into the power of the wind and thus reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Now, of course wind has been used for hundreds and thousands of year to “power” sailing and smaller vessels
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  GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ■ Geothermalenergy is a form of renewable energy derived from heat deep in the earth’s crust. ■ Geothermal Energy has been around for as long as the Earth has existed. “Geo” means earth, and “thermal” means heat. So, geothermal means earth-heat. ■ Geothermal power is generated in over 20 countries around the world including Iceland, the United States, Italy, France, Lithuania, NewZealand, Mexico, Nicaragua,Costa Rica, Russia, the Philippines, Indonesia, the People’s Republic of China and Japan. ■ New facilities can produce electricity from geothermal energy for between 4.5 and 7.3 cents per kilowatt-hour, making it competitive with new conventional fossil fuel-fired power plants. ■ Geothermal energy is called a renewable energy source because the water is replenished by rainfall, and the heat is continuously produced by the earth.
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  APPLICATIONS OF GEOTHERMALENERGY ■ InTuscany, Italy, farmers have used water heated by geothermal energy for hundreds of years to grow vegetables in the winter. ■ Geothermal energy is also used in fish farms. ■ Geothermal energy technology is used to bring warmer temperatures into your home without using fossil fuels, just by tapping into a heat exchange deep below the surface of the earth. ■ Industry is another consumer of geothermal energy. Its uses vary from drying fruits, drying vegetables, drying wood, and dying wool to extracting gold and silver from ore. ■ Geothermal energy is also used to heat sidewalks and roads in order to prevent freezing in the winter. ■ Geothermal power plants are also a good electricity generator.
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