Politics has always had a spatial, or territorial, dimension, but this became more formalized and explicit with the emergence of the idea of territorial sovereignty. However, territorial politics have been reconfigured by a shift in political decision-making to bodies both 'above' and 'below' national government, giving rise to multilevel governance and the establishment of a complex policy process in which political authority is distributed vertically and horizontally.
The most common forms of subnational territorial organization are federal and unitary systems. Federalism is based on the notion of shared sovereignty, in which power is distributed between the central and peripheral levels of government. Unitary systems, however, vest sovereign power in a single, national institution, which allows the centre to determine the territorial organization of the state.
Regional integration has been taken furthest in Europe. The product of this process, the EU, is nevertheless a very difficult political organization to categorize, having both intergovernmental and supranational features. Amongst the challenges confronting the EU are tensions between the goals of 'widening' and 'deepening', continuing anxieties about the EU's 'democratic deficit' and the crisis in the eurozone which may threaten the long-term viability of monetary union.
A presentation made for and by students for the Erasmus+ project Understanding and Critical Media Literacy. No copyright infringement meant. Used for educational purposes only.
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
The Institution of Transmission Easement in PolandRemigiuszRosicki
This paper analyzes the transmission easement institution based both on Polish civil law and legal solutions prepared on the basis of Polish administrative law. In the first case the analyzed solutions contained in the Civil Code (together with the prepared amendments to the regulations on transmission easement). In the second case there was discussed the analysis of selected transmission easement regulations, which are contained in the bill on transmission corridors. The paper presents an analysis of the following issues: (1) the institution of transmission easement, (2) the constraints on transmission easement, (3) the term "transmission facilities" – both on the Civil Code and the bill on transmission corridors, (5) transmission corridors and effects of setting in their area transmission easement. However, the issue of compensation related to the establishment of easements on the basis of civil law and administrative law has not been further discussed here.
Politics has always had a spatial, or territorial, dimension, but this became more formalized and explicit with the emergence of the idea of territorial sovereignty. However, territorial politics have been reconfigured by a shift in political decision-making to bodies both 'above' and 'below' national government, giving rise to multilevel governance and the establishment of a complex policy process in which political authority is distributed vertically and horizontally.
The most common forms of subnational territorial organization are federal and unitary systems. Federalism is based on the notion of shared sovereignty, in which power is distributed between the central and peripheral levels of government. Unitary systems, however, vest sovereign power in a single, national institution, which allows the centre to determine the territorial organization of the state.
Regional integration has been taken furthest in Europe. The product of this process, the EU, is nevertheless a very difficult political organization to categorize, having both intergovernmental and supranational features. Amongst the challenges confronting the EU are tensions between the goals of 'widening' and 'deepening', continuing anxieties about the EU's 'democratic deficit' and the crisis in the eurozone which may threaten the long-term viability of monetary union.
A presentation made for and by students for the Erasmus+ project Understanding and Critical Media Literacy. No copyright infringement meant. Used for educational purposes only.
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
The Institution of Transmission Easement in PolandRemigiuszRosicki
This paper analyzes the transmission easement institution based both on Polish civil law and legal solutions prepared on the basis of Polish administrative law. In the first case the analyzed solutions contained in the Civil Code (together with the prepared amendments to the regulations on transmission easement). In the second case there was discussed the analysis of selected transmission easement regulations, which are contained in the bill on transmission corridors. The paper presents an analysis of the following issues: (1) the institution of transmission easement, (2) the constraints on transmission easement, (3) the term "transmission facilities" – both on the Civil Code and the bill on transmission corridors, (5) transmission corridors and effects of setting in their area transmission easement. However, the issue of compensation related to the establishment of easements on the basis of civil law and administrative law has not been further discussed here.
Agencia de Desarrollo Wroclaw Agglomeration para INVATEfundacioninvate
Presentación realizada por Jan Zarski, de la Agencia de Desarrollo Wroclaw Agglomeration para la jornada “Pioneros en acción: oportunidades de inversión en Polonia”.
Why to Invest in Poland?
Here you can access the written report http://www.scribd.com/doc/17930054/International-Business-Why-to-invest-in-Poland-Report
Successes and challenges in polish smoke free policiesUCT ICO
Krzysztof Przewozniak
WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control
Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department
Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology
Warsaw, Poland
ICO-WHO Symposium 2012
I go over the government system of Belarus from executive to legislative and how the electoral system works in the country with the leader dubbed as Europe's last dictator.
Warsaw Insight #4 - key policy developments in Poland - September 2014Lukasz Jachowicz
Monthly summary of key policy developments in Poland (for summer 2014) - changes in Polish government, summary of PM Kopacz's expose, legal developments since July 2014.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. The Constitution of The Republic of
Poland, April 2, 1997
Article 1
The Republic of Poland is the
common good of all citizens
Article 2
The Republic of Poland is a
democratic state ruled by law.
The Polish
Constitution
3. Separation of Powers in Poland
Legislative
The Sejm (lower house) and
the Senate (upper house)
Executive
The President as the head of
state and the government
Judicial
Courts and Tribunals
The Supreme Court in
Warsaw
5. The Sejm’s Tasks
Passing bills, for example:
* the budget
Supervising the government
Appointing and recalling
public authorities
The Sejm building
8. President of Poland
Bronisław Komorowski
5th President of Poland
The term of office
6 August 2010 – today
A member of
the Civic Platform party
9. The President
The President’s responsibilities:
Represents Poland formally
Grants Polish citizenship, awards,
orders and decorations
Signs and refuses to sign bills (power
of veto)
Appoints the Prime Minister
Elected for 5
years
11. The Prime Minister of Poland
Donald Tusk
He is the head of the Polish Government.
He was appointed in 2007 after the Civic Platform
party won the parliamentary election. Tusk was
reelected in 2011.
12. The Prime Minister’s Cabinet
is the collective executive decision-making body
of the Polish government.
Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s
the first cabinet of in 2007.
13. The Council of Ministers’ tasks:
Conducting Poland’s internal and
foreign policies
Issuing regulations
Ensuring the implementation of
laws
Comprising 19 Ministers and the
Prime Minister responsible for the
key sectors of Polish society. For
example: Minister of Culture and
National Heritage, and the Minister
of the Interior
Minister of Sport and
Tourism
14. Elections in Poland
Types of elections:
1.presidential elections once every 5 years
2.parliamentary elections once every 4
years
All elections in Poland are:
Universal
Direct
Secret
Equal
Proportional or Majority
15. The Ruling Political Parties
Civic Platform (PO) has been in a coalition with the Peasants Party
(PSL) since 2011. The leader of Civic Platform is Donald Tusk and the
leader of Peasants Party is Janusz Piechociński
Donald Tusk The distribution of power in the Sejm
16. Opposition Political Parties and their
leaders
Law and Justice (PiS) – Jarosław Kaczyński
Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) – Leszek Miller
Your Movement – Janusz Palikot
United Poland – Zbigniew Ziobro
Law and Justice
Democratic Left Alliance
