This document discusses the emergence of digital humanities and cooperative research. It notes that digital humanities allows for more collaborative work between researchers through online accessibility of documents and data. This represents a significant change from the traditionally solitary nature of humanities work. The document also references challenges like copyright that can inhibit innovation in digital humanities. Overall, it advocates strengthening cooperative networks and open systems to take advantage of new opportunities in digital research.

1. jalvarez@fsof.uned.es
@alvarezuned
This
is
a
working
process
document.
Please
use
and
quote
as
tenta=ve
and
coopera=ve
ideas.
Tkank
you
for
your
observa=ons

2.
Digital
Humani=es
(Mind)
Coopera=ve
Enterprise
(Body)
Network
Society
(World)
Hilary
Putnam:
The
threefold
cord:
mind,
body,
and
world
(Spanish
transla=on
J.
F.
Álvarez:
La
cuerda
de
tres
cabos).

3. Network
Society
as
a
Threefold
Environment

4. CYBERCITIZENS,
CULTURE
AND
PUBLIC
GOODS,
• “Network
society
is
provoking
drama=c
changes
in
several
aspects
of
our
daily
life
as
cultural
traits,
business
and
the
more
disparages
spheres
of
privacy
and
social
life.
We
must
aZend
both
to
freedom
of
access
and
to
new
service
genera=on
because
of
the
peculiar
form
public
goods
are
rising
in
the
Net.
To
supersede
individual
capability
limita=ons
and
to
diffuse
digital
and
cultural
gaps,
electronic
government
could
be
a
cultural
decisive
tool
in
this
phase
of
cibersociety
enhancement.
Technologies
enhanced
the
human
capabili=es,
as
well
as
with
the
social
ac=ons
and
its
framework,
including
cultural
produc=on
and
management.
Technologies
are
also
transforming
the
genera=on,
reproduc=on
and
transmission
of
(social)
knowledge.”
(J.
Francisco
Álvarez,
Arbor,
2009)

5. A
recurrent
idea
Mano
Marks´
Blog
Thursday,
June
2,
2011
Working
with
People
“The
Humani=es
are
tradi=onally
a
lonely
profession.
While
in
the
hard
sciences
it's
not
uncommon
to
see
a
long
list
of
names
on
papers,
in
Humani=es
professions
there's
liZle
reward
for
mul=ple
people
working
on
a
project.
Tenure
was
based
on
ar=cles
you
wrote,
sole
project
work.
One
of
the
reasons
I
love
digital
humani=es
work
is
that
people
are
coming
together,
breaking
the
restric=ve
bonds
of
solitary
work”
Mano
Marks,
Geo
Developer
Advocate
at
Google
hZp://randommarkers.blogspot.com/2011/06/working-­‐with-­‐people.html

6.
The
social
turn
in
humani=es
is
knocking
at
the
door
and
it
will
remain
here
forever!
@thatcampMadrid
21-­‐22th
november
2011
Good
News
for
Humani=es,
if
….

7.
hZp://madrid2011.thatcamp.org/category/general/
21th
-­‐22th
November,
2011

8. Monitoring
trends,
promo=ng
and
strengthening
coopera=ve
research
• Networks
and
open
systems
of
knowledge
management.
• Best
tradi=ons
of
archival
and
documentary
prac=ces.
• Future
research
model
is
based
on
coopera=on
and
build
on
networks
and
open
systems
of
knowledge
management.
• DIGITAL
HUMANITIES
MANIFESTO

9. DIGITAL
HUMANITIES
MANIFESTO
• hZp://tcp.hypotheses.org/411

10. Let´s
see
an
example
Granada
150
years
ago
• Not
only
new
direc=ons
in
humani=es,
not
only
some
paradigma=c
change.
We
are
living
in
a
more
radical
change.
• A
new
era
in
humani=es
research
is
coming,
but
what
does
it
mean?
• New
tools,
new
collec=ons,
new
data:
a
huge
and
enormous
set
of
data
anybody
never
thought
before
are
now
at
our
finger=ps.
• The
online
accessibility
to
a
large
number
of
documents
in
real
=me
is
drama=cally
changing
our
research
experience.
Thus,
let’s
see
a
simple
but
not
trivial
example:
– Whilst
I
was
preparing
this
lecture
I
asked
me:
What
had
happened
at
the
University
of
Granada
150
years
ago?
What
documents
could
I
obtain
from
my
desk
work?

11. new
150
years
ago
at
capabili=es
the
University
of
Granada
Open
access
Public
goods
Now
it´s
possible
with
the
support
of
Google,
UCM
and
HathiTrust
collec=on

12. A
Survey
of
Digital
Humani=es
Centers
in
the
United
States.
2008
«Digital
humani,es
implies
humani,es-­‐based
research,
teaching,
and
intellectual
engagement
conducted
with
digital
technologies
and
resources.
The
use
of
these
technologies
may
be
prosaic
(e.g.,
using
new
media
to
conduct
humani=es
research
or
enhance
teaching)
or
transforma=ve
(e.g.,
developing
wholly
new
products
and
processes
that
transform
exis=ng
knowledge
and
create
new
scholarship)».
Diane
M.
Zorich.
November
2008
A
very
useful
work
but
the
coopera=on
perspec=ve
must
be
reforced

13. SOME
OBSTACLES
TO
INNOVATION
IN
HUMANITIES
• COPYRIGHT:
A
university
that
goes
too
far
could
end
up
facing
a
copyright-­‐infringement
lawsuit.
• The
8.7-­‐million-­‐volume
library
pools
digital
copies
of
texts
that
Google
scanned
from
universi=es.
John
P.
Wilkin,
its
execu=ve
director,
es=mates
that
HathiTrust
may
contain
2.5
million
orphan
works.
HathiTrust
publishes
the
full
text
of
works
in
the
public
domain,
but
not
of
those
that
are
orphaned.
May
29,
2011
• Out
of
Fear,
Colleges
Lock
Books
and
Images
Away
From
Scholars
• Marc
Parry
Chronicle
of
Higher
Educa=on"

14. What
revolu=on?
Technological
is
over
• “Using
informa=on
technology
to
illuminate
the
human
record,
and
bringing
an
understanding
of
the
human
record
to
bear
on
the
development
and
use
of
informa=on
technology”.
Susan
Schreibman,
Ray
Siemens,
and
John
Unsworth
Introduc=on
to
Digital
Humani=es
p.16
• “Today,
one
hears
less
and
less
of
it,
perhaps
because
(as
Ess
notes)
the
revolu=on
has
succeeded:
in
almost
all
their
poten=al,
no
longer
seem
revolu=onary
at
all”
p.17
•

15. Sociotecnical
revolu=on
is
happening
• My
thesis
is
that
nowadays
other
revolu=on
is
happening:
the
socio
technical
revolu=on
in
humani=es,
facilitated
by
the
presence
of
ICT.
It´s
no
a
material
or
physical
tool.
Instead,
it
is
at
the
very
social
structure
that
is
rising
as
a
basic
turn
in
humani=es'
prac=ces
and
in
e-­‐science
in
general.
• Openness,
accessibility,
how
informa=on
is
used
and
selected:
a
new
curator,
not
only
new
sosware
for
seman=c
webs,
now
the
SOCIAL
WEB
and
its
uses
are
transforming
the
prac=ce
of
humani=es.

16. Welcome
to
the
Shared
Digital
Future
HathiTrust
is
a
bold
idea
with
big
plans
TOOLS
and
RESOURCES
for
a
new
era
in
humani,es
HathiTrust
is
a
partnership
of
major
research
ins=tu=ons
and
libraries
working
to
ensure
that
the
cultural
record
is
preserved
and
accessible
long
into
the
future.
There
are
more
than
fisy
partners
in
HathiTrust,
and
membership
is
open
to
ins=tu=ons
worldwide.
• hZp://www.hathitrust.org/about
Currently
Digi,zed
8,771,712
total
volumes
;
4,
789,293
book
=tles,
212,672
serial
=tles
3,070,099,200
pages
393
terabytes
2,382,779
volumes
(~27%
of
total)
in
the
public
domain
View
visualiza=ons
of
HathiTrust:
hZp://www.hathitrust.org/print/220

17. Good
news
Yale
University
May
11,
2011
• hZp://opac.yale.edu/news/ar=cle.aspx?id=8544
New
Haven,
Conn.—
Scholars,
ar=sts
and
other
individuals
around
the
world
will
enjoy
free
access
to
online
images
of
millions
of
objects
housed
in
Yale’s
museums,
archives,
and
libraries
thanks
to
a
new
“Open
Access”
policy
that
the
University
announced
today.
Yale
is
the
first
Ivy
League
university
to
make
its
collec=ons
accessible
in
this
fashion.
Jon
Butler
Ac=ng
University
Librarian
Yale
University

18. Network
Society:
new
capabili=es
• As
works
in
these
collec=ons
become
digi=zed,
the
museums
and
libraries
will
make
those
images
that
are
in
the
public
domain
freely
accessible.
In
a
departure
from
established
conven=on,
no
license
will
be
required
for
the
transmission
of
the
images
and
no
limita=ons
will
be
imposed
on
their
use.
The
result
is
that
scholars,
ar=sts,
students,
and
ci=zens
the
world
over
will
be
able
to
use
these
collec=ons
for
study,
publica=on,
teaching
and
inspira=on.
• (Yale,
10
May
2011)

19. Globaliza=on
and
scholarship
coopera=on
• "Sharing
our
ar=s=c
resources
more
fully
across
Yale
and
well
beyond
its
campus
is
a
top
priority,"
asserts
Jock
Reynolds,
the
Henry
J.
Heinz
II
Director
of
the
Yale
University
Art
Gallery.
• "Through
this
new
university
policy,
scholars,
ar=sts,
teachers,
and
students
worldwide
will
now
be
able
to
more
fully
engage
our
collec=ons
for
ac=ve
learning
and
use
in
publica=ons,
classrooms,
and
crea=ve
projects
without
incurring
any
fees
whatsoever,
elimina=ng
what
has
previously
been
for
many
a
daun=ng
financial
hurdle."
• "High
costs
of
reproduc=on
rights
have
tradi=onally
limited
the
ability
of
scholars,
especially
ones
early
in
their
careers,
to
publish
richly
illustrated
books
and
ar=cles
in
the
history
of
art,
architecture,
and
material
and
visual
culture”,
according
to
Mariët
Westermann,
vice
president
of
the
Andrew
W.
Mellon
Founda=on.
"Yale's
new
policy
provides
an
important
model
to
follow."

20. UNESCO
1st
June
2011

21. Execu=ve
Summary
A
report
prepared
for
UNESCO’s
Division
for
Freedom
of
Expression,
Democracy
and
Peace
• -­‐-­‐-­‐
it
is
more
apparent
how
freedom
can
be
eroded
uninten=onally
as
various
actors
strategically
pursue
their
own
diverse
array
of
objec=ves.
The
findings
reinforce
the
significance
of
concerns
over
freedom
of
expression
and
connec=on,
while
acknowledging
countervailing
trends
and
the
open
future
of
technology,
policy
and
prac=ce.
Freedom
of
expression
is
not
an
inevitable
outcome
of
technological
innova=on.
It
can
be
diminished
or
reinforced
by
the
design
of
technologies,
policies
and
prac=ces
–
some=mes
far
removed
from
freedom
of
expression.
This
synthesis
points
out
the
need
to
focus
systema=c
research
on
this
wider
ecology
shaping
the
future
of
expression
in
the
digital
age.

22. • In
front
of
the
research
in
solitude
or
the
archivist
in
The
Name
of
the
Rose…
• The
co-­‐building.

23. The
we-­‐genera=on.
Further
than
nerds
or
techies
A
peculiar
experience
to
reflect
on
na=ve
digital.
“There
used
to
be
a
=me
when
we
would
be
called
’nerds‘
or
’techies‘.
Strange
people
with
a
near-­‐obsessive
compulsion
to
embrace
new
technology,
and
who’d
rather
communicate
with
their
friends
online
than
offline.
People
for
whom
the
Internet
itself
was
the
ul=mate
source
of
informa=on
for
solving
any
kind
of
problem
whatsoever.
However,
society
is
now
slowly
coming
to
terms
with
the
fact
that
a
whole
genera=on
is
growing
up
that
has
only
ever
known
the
’digital
age‘,
and
has
therefore
en=rely
accepted
the
digital
way
of
doing
things.
We
call
ourselves
the
Digital
Na=ve
genera=on.”
we:
DIGITAL_NATIVES
by
Jonathan
Imme
2008
Coopera=ve
enterprise
Stephen
Downes
Art
MindKiss
and
we-­‐genera=on

24. HYBRID
DAYS
hybrid
|ˈhīˌbrid|
a
thing
made
by
combining
two
different
elements;
a
mixture:
the
final
text
is
a
hybrid
of
the
stage
play
and
the
film.
•
Biology
the
offspring
of
two
plants
or
animals
of
different
species
or
varie=es,
such
as
a
mule
(a
hybrid
of
a
donkey
and
a
horse)
or
a
hybrid
of
wheat
and
rye.
This
open
event
is
about
Hybrid
Environments
where
science,
society
and
technology
enhancing
human
capabili=es
because
the
digital
is
mel=ng
with
the
physical
world
as
a
new
layer
that
increases
the
physical
world
possibili=es.
The
digital
is
not
isolated
from
the
physical
environment.

25. • Koppi,
Bogle
y
LaviJ
(2003)
conclude
their
work
by
no=ng
the
importance
of
rewarding
the
produc=on
work
of
teachers.
In
their
opinion,
to
develop
a
formal
reward
system
that
includes
the
produc=on
and
use
of
open-­‐
content
could
be
the
biggest
poli=cal
issue
to
develop
a
large
scale
open
educa=on
movement
in
the
field
of
the
learning
process.
• Quoted
by:
“Impacto
del
Open
Course
Ware
(OCW)
en
los
docentes
universitarios”
(Universidad
de
Valencia,
2010)
p.
42

26. Further
e-­‐learning
Further
Learning
management
systems
(LMS)
• MOOC
(Massive
open
online
course)
v.g.
is
a
new
trend
in
learning
that
could
transform
the
process
of
transmission
of
knowledge
but
also
the
building
of
new
knowledge.
The
coopera=ve
enterprise
or,
at
least,
a
collec=ve
enterprise
is
in
the
nucleus
of
this
kind
of
ac=vi=es.
• How
informa=on
is
used
and
selected?
This
is
the
role
of
new
curators.
The
humanist
researchers
could
be
who
play
this
new
role.
We
need
not
only
some
disrup=ve
sosware
to
build
well
seman=c
webs.
It
is
a
priority
to
aZend
to
the
SOCIAL
WEB
and
the
way
the
very
prac=ce
of
humani=es
has
been
transformed.

27. • Two
issues
are
nuclear
in
this
new
line:
openness
and
accessibility
• “In
addi=on
to
char=ng
areas
in
which
past
advances
have
been
made,
and
in
which
innova=on
is
currently
taking
place,
this
volume
reveals
that
digital
humani=es
is
addressing
many
of
the
most
basic
research
paradigms
and
methods
in
the
disciplines,
to
focus
our
aZen=on
on
important
ques=ons
to
be
asked
and
answered,
in
addi=on
to
important
new
ways
of
asking
and
answering
that
are
enabled
by
our
interac=on
with
the
computer.”
p.
19
• “The
process
that
one
goes
through
in
order
to
develop,
apply,
and
compute
these
knowledge
representa=ons
is
unlike
anything
that
humani=es
scholars,
outside
of
philosophy,
have
ever
been
required
to
do.
This
method,
or
perhaps
we
should
call
it
a
heuris=c,
discovers
a
new
horizon
for
humani=es
scholarship,
a
paradigm
as
powerful
as
any
that
has
arisen
in
any
humani=es
discipline
in
the
past
–
and,
indeed,
maybe
more
powerful,
because
the
rigor
it
requires
will
bring
to
our
aZen=on
undocumented
features
of
our
own
idea=on.
Coupled
with
enormous
storage
capacity
and
computa=onal
power,
this
heuris=c
presents
us
with
paZerns
and
connec=ons
in
the
human
record
that
we
would
never
otherwise
have
found
or
examined.”
p.
19

28. • “All
of
this
means
that
it
is
now
possible
to
store
and
to
manipulate
large
quan==es
of
data
stored
in
many
places
and
accessible
from
remote
sites,
today
typically
at
the
researcher’s
desk.
• This
newfound
capacity
is
opening
up
what
I
osen
refer
to
as
e-­‐research,
a
new
brand
of
research.
Whether
it
is
manipula=ng
and
managing
material
in
electronic
journals
or
in
large
data
bases
such
as
StatsCan
or
in
archives
or
in
text
materials,
there
is
today
the
opportunity
to
ask
ques=ons
that
were
not
previously
possible
to
answer.
Indeed,
the
ques=ons
possible
to
address
today
are
so
far
removed
from
earlier
possibili=es
that
it
wasn’t
even
possible
to
conceive
of
completely
new
ques=ons”.
• “=tle
“Mind
Technologies”
as
it
conveys
a
message
that
researchers
are
now
challenged
to
do
things
that
they
never
imagined
before,
while
humani=es
compu=ng
does
not
fully
capture
the
spirit
of
the
new
fron=ers
that
are
now
opening
up.”
David
Stangway
p.
x
•
•

29.
Alterna=ve
Wor(l)ds:
The
Humani=es
in
2010,
Report
of
the
Working
Group
on
the
Future
of
the
Humani=es
(SSHRC,
2001)
(
YES
BUT
…
THE
OLD
IDEAS
SE
RESISTEN
A
MORIR)
(Technologies)
present
an
exci=ng
opportunity
for
scholars,
teachers
and
students
•
to
become
informed
partners
and
innovators.
In
par=cular,
new
technologies
provide
access
to
non-­‐linear,
visual
methods
of
conveying
informa=on.
Judicious
use
of
these
methods
can
enhance
the
integra=on
(…)
leading
to
collabora=on
between
several
disciplines
and
technical
fields
and
bringing
together
academics,
ar=sts,
mul=media
experts,
informa=on
technology
specialists,
librarians
and
students.
• “The
humani=es
must
con=nue
to
seek
larger
structures
of
sense
in
order
to
create
cohesiveness
and
the
types
of
‘intellectual
filters’
that
are
necessary
to
sort
out
knowledge
from
[mere]
informa=on:
this
part
of
its
mission
remains
the
same..
Guided
by
a
larger
plan,
they
(technologies)
can
however
work
to
create
sense.”
—
Conference
Delegate
• Another
concern
is
that
while
the
new
technologies
can
provide
a
very
wide
audience
with
access
to
a
vast
variety
and
quan=ty
of
sources,
data
and
documents,
this
“universal
ready
access”
also
raises
ques=ons
about
the
authen=city
and
accuracy
of
texts
and
data.
The
linguis=c
and
textual
skills
of
the
humanist
will
con=nue
to
play
as
essen=al
a
role
in
the
age
of
electronic
texts
as
they
did
in
the
eras
of
hand
copied
manuscripts
and
moveable
lead
type.

30. Bibliography
• Borgman,
C.
L.
(2007).
Scholarship
in
the
digital
age
:
informa=on,
infrastructure,
and
the
Internet.
Cambridge,
Mass.,
MIT
Press.
• Crane,
G.,
A.
Babeu,
and
D.
Bamman.
2007.
eScience
and
the
Humani=es.
Interna=onal
Journal
on
Digital
Libraries
7:117-­‐122
• Echeverría,
J.
(1999).
Los
señores
del
aire:
Telépolis
y
el
tercer
entorno.
Barcelona,
Des=no.
• Echeverría,
J.
(2003).
La
revolución
tecnocienŒfica.
Madrid,
Fondo
de
Cultura
Económica
de
España.
• Zorich,
D.
(2008).
"A
survey
of
digital
humani=es
centers
in
the
United
States."
vii,
78
p.