This document defines various grammatical terms including verbs, nouns, adjectives, and their types. It explains that verbs are used to show actions, states or processes, and can be regular, irregular, auxiliary or modal verbs. Nouns refer to people, places or things and can be common, proper, collective, compound or plural. Adjectives describe or provide information about nouns, and can be demonstrative, comparative, superlative or possessive.

1. GRAMMATICAL TERMS

2. VERB
• A word used to show an action, state, event or process, e.g. I like biscuits.

3. AN AUXILIARY VERB
.• is a verb used with other verbs to make questions, negatives, tenses, etc.; e.g. be, do,
have; He has gone home.

4. AN IRREGULAR VERB
• does not follow the same pattern as regular verbs. Each irregular verb has its own
way of forming the past simple and past participle, e.g. go went (past
simple) gone (past participle).
•

5. THE BASE FORM OF A VERB
• is the infinitive form of a verb without ‘to’, e.g. go, sit, look.

6. THE INFINITIVE FORM
• is the base form of a verb with ‘to’. It is used after another verb, after an adjective
or noun or as the subject or object of a sentence, e.g. I want to study, It’s difficult
to understand

7. A MODAL VERB
•
• is a verb used with other verbs to show
ideas such as ability or obligation or
possibility. They include can, must, shall,
would, could, will, should, e.g. I can speak
French, but I should study even harder.

8. NOUN
A person, place or thing, e.g. elephant, girl, grass, school.

9. A REGULAR VERB
• changes its form by adding –ed in the past simple and past participle, e.g. play
she played guitar.

10. A MULTIWORD VERB/PHRASAL VERB
• is made up of a verb and one or more particles (adverbs and/or prepositions). The
meaning of a multiword verb is not the same as the meaning of the individual
verbs and participles that make it. One multiword verb may have more than one
meaning, e.g. Get your coat on and then we can leave (wear); How are you
getting on with that job? (progressing).

11. A REPORTING VERB
• is a verb such as tell, advise, suggest used in reported speech to report what
someone has said, e.g. Jane advised John to study harder.

12. A COLLECTIVE NOUN
• is a noun for a group of people or things, e.g. the police, the government.

13. A COMMON NOUN
• is a noun that is not the name of a particular person, place or thing, e.g. table,
book.

14. A COMPOUND
• noun is a combination of two or more words, which are used as a single word, e.g.
a flower shop, a headache.

15. A COUNTABLE VS UNCOUNTABLE
• Countable: has both a singular and a plural form, e.g. book books
• Uncountable: does not have a plural form, e.g. information

16. A COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE
• compares two things, e.g. She was taller than him, but now he is taller than her 

17. A PLURAL NOUN
• is more than one person, place or thing and can be regular or irregular, e.g. boys,
women.

18. A PROPER NOUN
• is the name of a person or place, e.g. Robert, London

19. ADJECTIVE
• An adjective describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun, e.g. a
cold day.
beautiful
beautiful

20. A DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE
• shows whether something is near or far from the speaker, e.g. this (near) book is
interesting, that window (not near) is open.

21. AN –ING / –ED ADJECTIVE
• describes things or feelings. An –ing adjective describes things or people, e.g. The
book is very interesting. An –ed adjective describes feelings, e.g. I am very
interested in the book.

22. A POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
• shows who something belongs to, e.g. It’s my book. A superlative adjective
compares more than two things, e.g. He is the tallest boy in the class.

23. THANK YOU