1. Grammar Book By: Sydney DiMilia 2nd Period 12-6-10

2. Table of Contents Ser Estar Hacer Expressions Verbs like Gustar Pretartio Trigger Words -car, -gar, -zar Spock verbs Cucaracha verbs Snakes Snakeys Commands DOPs Irregulars IOPs ‘Se’ impersonal

3. Ser

4. Estar

5. Hacer Expressions Present Tense: Since and For Preterit Tense: Ago HACE+ TIME+ QUE+ VERB Example: Hace un problemas con Pedro per tresdías.

6. Verbs Like Gustar Dolar(o-ue): to hurt Fascinar: to facinate Molestar: to bother Encantar: to love Faltar: to lack, to be in need of Importar: to be important to Disgustar: to discust

7. Pretérito - A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending.

8. Trigger Words Ayer: yesterday Anteayer: day before yesterday A lasocho: at 8 o’clock El Miércoles: on Wednesday El día anterior: the day before El Lunespasado: last Monday El fin se semanapasado: last weekend Ayer por la mañana: yesterday morning El otrodía: the other day Unavez: one time/once Estatarde: this afternoon Estanoche: tonight Entonces: then Desede el primer momento: for the moment Durante dos siglos: during 2 centuries En esemomento: in the moment/then Hace dos días: two days ago

9. -Car, -Gar, -Zar

10. Spock Verbs Ir/Ser Fui Fuiste Fue Fuimos Fueron Hacer Hice Hicite Hizo Hicimos Hicieron S E R D A R V E R I R Dar Di Diste Dio Dimos Dieron Ver Vi Viste Vio Vimos Vieron HACER

12. Iste

13. O

14. Imos

15. Istes

16. EronConducir Producir Traducir Conduj- Produj- Traduj- Drop “I” for “ieron” Decir Traer Dij- Traj-

17. Snakes y Snakeys I to Y in 3rd person Leer, creer, oir

18. Object Pronoun Rules DOP IOP Reflexive Pronouns ONLY ATTACHES TO ADVERB IN 3 INSTANCES Infinitive Positive command Gerund

19. Commands Put the verb in “yo” form Change it to the opposite vowel Positive add DOP Negative precedes the congregated verb

20. DOP Answers the question of what is receiving direct action of the verb. Example: I gave it to her. Se lo di.

21. Irregulars T- tenga V- venga D- de I- vaya S- sea H- haga E- este S- sepa

22. IOP Answers the question of to whom or for whom. Example: She gave it to me. Me lo dio.

23. ‘Se’ Impersonal Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. 1. Se vendefruta en la frutería. When using se, the verb is always in the 3th person. 1.Aquí se hablaespañol. Se can be used in all tenses. Se hizo mucho. Se habíahecho.

24. Past Participials as Adjectives Add –ado for –ar verbs Add –idofor –ir/-er verbs Agree with nouns they modify in gender AND number. Irregulars Abrir-abierto Cubrir-Cubierto Decir-Dicho Escribir- Escrito Hacer- Hecho Morir-Muetro Poner-Puesto Resolver- resuelto Romper-roto Ver-visto Volver-vuelto Ir- ido Example Comer  Comido

26. éis

27. áné ás á Example: Deber+Infinitve= debeslimpiar Pair with Infinitives! Irregulars Decir- dir hacer-har poner-pondr salir-saldr tener-tendr valar-valdr podor-podr sabar-sabr cabar-cabr quierer-querr habar- habr vender-vendr

28. Demostrative Adjectives este (this one - masculine)estos (these ones - masculine)esta (this one - feminine)estas (these ones - feminine) ese (that one - masculine)esos (those ones - masculine)esa (that one - feminine)esas (those ones - feminine) aquel (that one over there - masc.)aquellos (those ones over there - masc.)aquella (that one over there - fem.)aquellas (those ones over there - fem.) estethis esethat aquelthat one over there Example: Juan lee estelibro. Esaestatuaesgriega.

29. Demonstrative Pronouns éste (this) ése (that) aquél (that) Examples: No quieroésa. Voy a comprarésta.

31. Los Mandatos NOTE: -ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.) -er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds) CompreUd. el anillo. Buy the ring. (formal) Compra (tú) los dulces. Buy the candy. (familiar) If the ”yo” form is irregular then move the irregular form to the command.

32. Modal Verbs

34. Conjugate

35. Pronoun in front of verbExample: He sees himself: Se ve He is going to see himself: Se va a ver OR va a verse

36. Sabar vs. Conocer